Olyra latifolia Linnaeus (1759: 1261)

Lopes-Neto, Raimundo Balieiro & Viana, Pedro Lage, 2022, Flora of the Serra do Cachimbo (Eastern Amazon, Brazil): Bambusoideae (Poaceae), including the description of two new species, Phytotaxa 550 (2), pp. 99-129 : 118

Olyra latifolia Linnaeus (1759: 1261) . Fig 7 C–D .

Lectotype (designated by Jarvis et al. 1993):— JAMAICA. Sloane s.n. (lectotype BM-588763).

Rhizomes pachymorph, short necks, ca. 3 mm long. Culms ca. 2 m tall, erect to decumbent, leaning on the vegetation, internodes 37–43 cm long, hollow, smooth, shortly pilose, trichomes adpressed; nodes dark brown, shortly pilose. Leaf sheath shortly pilose, trichomes adpressed, margins ciliate; ligules ca. 0.7 mm long, membranous; pseudopetioles ca. 2.8 mm long, shortly pilose; blades 18–22 × 4.6–5.4 cm, ovate-lanceolate, shortly pilose on both surfaces, asymmetrical, base subcordate, margins shortly ciliate to scabrous, apex acuminate. Synflorescences 9–22 × 2–4 cm, pyramidal, the lower branches verticillate, with male spikelets only, the upper branches alternate and with male spikelets basally and 1 to many terminal female spikelets, rachis densely pilose, pedicels ca. 0.7 cm long, thickened, glabrous to shortly pilose. Male spikelets 4–4.6 × 0.5-0.7 mm, fusiform, yellowish (in siccus), glabrous, falling entire; lemma 3-nerved, apex awned, the awn 3.7–3.8 mm long; palea 2-nerved, apex acute; stamens 3, included, filaments ca. 0.5 mm, glabrous, anthers ca. 2 mm, black (in siccus). Female spikelets 10–12 × 1.4–2.2 mm, ovoid, stramineous (in siccus), pubescent or short-pilose, dispersion above the glumes; lower glume 7-nerved, margins glabrous or hirsute, apex awned, ca. 4.8 mm long; upper glume 5-nerved, margins glabrous, apex awned, ca. 3.8 mm long; anthecium 6.8–7.4 × 1.7–1.9 mm, ovoid, stramineous (in siccus), smooth, deciduous; lemma 3-nerved, glabrous to shortly pilose, apex obtuse; palea 2-nerved, shortly pilose at the apex, apex acute; lodicules ca. 0.3 mm; ovary ca. 1. mm long, elliptic, glabrous to shortly pilose, style ca. 3 mm long, glabrous to shortly pilose, stigma 2, plumose. Caryopsis not seen.

Specimens examined: — BRAZIL. Pará: Altamira, December 2005, Sobral 10885 ( HUEFS) ; December 2005, Sobral 10512 ( HUEFS) ; Reserva Biológica Nascentes da Serra do Cachimbo , Cachoeira do Curuá, 355 m, 8°44’05.4”S, 54°57’43”W, 28 May 2021, Lopes-Neto et al. 755 ( MG) ; Cerca de 16 km a leste da BR 163, 570 m, 9°04’15.96”S, 54°46’27.32”W, 28 September 2019, Pastore et al. 1156 ( MG) ; Ramal principal da REBIONSC, entrada a 65km de Cachoeira da Serra, 25 May 2021, Lopes-Neto et al. 677 ( MG) .

Distribution and habitat: —This species is Neotropical (Florida to Argentina) and also naturalized in Africa ( Soderstrom & Zuloaga 1989). In Brazil, it is registered in the Amazon, Caatinga, Cerrado and Mata Atlântica domains, in all states, except Piauí and Rio Grande do Norte ( Oliveira et al. 2020b). It occurs in gallery forests, Terra firme forests and secondary forests, usually below 1,000 meters ( Soderstrom & Zuloaga 1989). In the Serra do Cachimbo, was found in mata ciliar in Campo cerrado and Open ombrophilous forest.

Comments: —See comments under Olyra caudata .

Figures

FIGURE 7. Field photographs of bamboos from Serra do Cachimbo. A–B. Olyra caudata: A. Habit. B. Synflorescence. C–D. Olyra latifolia: C. Habit. D. Synflorescence.E–G. Olyra taquara: E. Habit.F. Leaf. G. Detail of the synflorescence. H–I. Raddiella esenbeckii: H. Habit. I. Synflorescences. J–L. Raddiella malmeana: J. Habit. K.Axillary synflorescences. L. Terminal synflorescences. M–N. Raddiella minima [Viana et al. 2634 (INPA)]: M–N. Habit. Photos: P.L.Viana.