Kanakia rana Delorme

Delorme, Quentin, Mille, Christian & Jourdan, Hervé, 2016, A review of the genus Kanakia Distant, 1892 (Insecta: Hemiptera, Cicadoidea, Cicadidae) from New Caledonia, Zootaxa 4092 (3), pp. 301-338 : 327-332

Kanakia rana Delorme sp. nov.

( Figs. 27–32 )

Material examined. Holotype male (MNHN 22743), New Caledonia, Province Sud, 21/II/2015, Yaté, Parc de la Rivière Bleue, refuge des Muletiers, Quentin Delorme rec, (MNHN), allotype female Province Sud, Dumbéa, Monts Koghi 24/I/2013. Paratypes: one male Province Sud, Dumbéa, Monts Koghi 13/I/2013 and one male and one female same locality, 24/I/2013, Delorme rec, (MNHN). Other material: Province Sud, Yaté, Parc de la Rivière Bleue, Mois de mai: 10 males and 1 female, Boulard rec, 08/II/1990 (MNHN); 8 males and 1 female Boulard rec, 19/II/1990 (MNHN); 1 female, Boudinot rec, 18/II/1986 (MNHN); 1 female Boulard rec, 24/II/1992 (MNHN). Province Sud Yaté, Parc de la Rivière Bleue, Pourina: 1 male, Boudinot rec, 30/XII/1987 (MNHN); 1 male, Boudinot rec, 28/XII/1987 (MNHN). Province Sud, Yaté, Parc de la Rivière Bleue, Rivière Blanche: 1 female, Boudinot rec, 18/II/1988 (MNHN); 2 males and 5 females, Boulard rec, 03/II/1993 (MNHN). Province Sud, Dumbéa, Monts Koghi: 1 male, Boulard rec, 01/II/1990 (MNHN); 12 males and 1 female, Boulard rec, 11/ II/1990 (MNHN); 3 males, Boulard rec, 13/II/1990 (MNHN); 1 male and 1 female, Boulard rec, 21/II/1995 (MNHN). Province Sud, Nouméa: 1 male, Rageau rec, 15/07/1957 (MNHN); 2 females, Rageau rec, 02/III/1955 (MNHN); 1 female, Rageau rec, 15/III/1955 (MNHN); 2 females, Rageau rec, 02/II/1956 (MNHN). Province Sud, Prony, Port Boisé: 1 male, Boulard rec, 01/III/1993 (MNHN); 3 males, Boulard rec, 20/II/1995 (MNHN); 1 female, Boulard rec, 28/II/1993 (MNHN). Province Sud, Prony, Réserve Naturelle du Pic du Pin: 2 males and 1 female, Delorme rec, 08/II/2015 (Delorme, personale collection). Province Sud, Mont-Dore 2 males, Delorme rec, 08/II/2015 (CXMNC).

Derivation of name. Species named after the male calling song which sounds like a frog.

Morphology ( Figs. 27–31 )

Male ( Figs. 27–30 ). Head. Vertex greenish to yellowish with pink ocelli separated by distance equal to 1.5 times the width of an ocellus. Each ocellus set on wide black patch reaching epicranial suture only in anterior tip. Epicranial suture greenish, wide and deep. Eyes greenish, prominent, wider than long. Dorsal postclypeal area uniformly green. Scape and supra-antennal plate black. Antennal flagella and pedicel black. Postclypeus slightly domed with eight to nine more or less prominent transversal grooves; yellowish with wide median blackish spot notched in its superior part; notch reaching third of spot or reaching the sixth transversal groove. Anteclypeus bicolor; lateral parts blackish covered by long silvered hairs and median part yellowish to greenish, hairless. Rostrum with labrum and mentum greenish. Labium greenish with blackish tip. Gena yellowish and lorum with inferior part blackish, lateral margin and superior part yellowish covered by dense and long silvered hairs.

Thorax. Pronotum green with characteristic black ornamentation ( Fig. 27 ); paramedian fissure greenish and lateral fissure with brown ornamentations. Pronotal collar green. Lateral parts of pronotal collar with two prominent green lobes; anterior lobe with black margin; posterior lobe with black anterior spot coming from the ambient fissure. Mesonotum mostly brown with green longitudinal ornamentations along parapsidal suture and median part. Scutal depression marked by a circular black patch. Metanotum and cruciform elevation entirely brown. Opercula yellow, domed with sparse long hairs on margin.

Wings. On forewings, radial and radiomedial crossveins with brown infuscation. Hindwing hyaline; ambient vein brownish, vannus and jugum hyaline with brown infuscation at margin.

Legs. On forelegs, coxa brownish with green lateral edges; trochanter greenish with wide brownish patch in internal side. Femur greenish with wide brown longitudinal lines; tibia brownish with short golden hairs. Mid legs with coxa greenish to yellowish with wide linear brown spot on medio anterior side; trochanter greenish with wide brownish patch in internal and lateral side; femur greenish with three longitudinal brown lines on interior side, tibiae and tarsi entirely brownish covered by short golden hairs.

Abdomen. Tergite 2 entirely yellow. Tergites 3 to 7 dorsally yellowish, without discontinuous black median line; laterally marked by wide black patch wide at base and getting thinner upwards, occupying half (holotype) to a third (paratype) of tergite wide on tergite 3; tergites 4 and 5 laterally black; tergites 6 and 7 laterally yellow with diffuse black posterior margin; tergite 8 mostly black in anterior two third and yellow in posterior third. Sternites yellow, except 4 to 6 bearing two brown spots. Timbals bear a series of three short ribs and four long ribs connected by a dorsal bar and running dorsoventrally to the timbal plate; long ribs 1 and 2 ventrally fused.

Genitalia. Pygofer brownish to black except yellow upper lobe and basal lobe. Median lobe of uncus straight and obtuse. Thecal pseudoparameres of aedeagus slender, curved downwards and undulated.

Body measurements (in mm, first value refer to holotype, second and third value refer to males paratypes). FL: 53.6, 51.8, 52.8; FW: 19.1, 17.6, 17.2; HW: 11.4, 10.9, 10.9; HL: 4.3, 3.9, 4.0; BL: 45.2, 39.1, 43.2; PL: 5.2, 5.1, 5.4; PW: 12.8, 11.0, 10.8.

Song patterns. Calling song ( Fig. 32 ) is formed only by long echemes, repeated at a very low rate. Echemes duration varies between 550 ms to 700 ms. Each echeme separated by intervals lasting between 15 s to 20 s. Echeme amplitude range covers frequency from 1.4 kHz to 2.9 kHz. The main energy is contended between 1.7 kHz to 2.6 kHz and a maximum of energy at 2.1 kHz.

Female ( Fig. 31 ). Head. Colouration similar to that of male.

Thorax. Colouration and black ornamentation of pronotum similar to that of male. Mesonotum colouration similar to that of male.

Legs. Similar in colour to those of male.

Abdomen. Tergites slightly darker in colouration to those of male with similar lateral black ornamentations; abdominal segment 9 yellowish with a pair of longitudinal near-dorsal black fasciae that extend to the anterior edge and ventrolaterally to some extent, dorsal beak terminally pointed; sternites colouration similar to that of male.

Genitalia. Ovipositor sheath black with long golden hairs, reaching approximately the tip of dorsal beak of abdominal segment 9.

Body measurements (in mm, first value refer to allotype, second value refer to paratype female). FL: 52.1, 53.0; FW: 17.1, 17.6; HW: 11.2, 11.6; HL: 4.4, 4.5; BL: 36.4, 35.9; PL: 5.7, 6.0; PW: 11.5, 11.8.

Distribution. Rainforests of the South of the Grande Terre of New Caledonia ( Fig. 33 ).

Habitat and ecology. Kanakia rana Delorme sp. nov., inhabits primary rainforest undergrowth. Male usually calls while set on trunk of large trees, from 2 m high to the base of tree crown. It appears not gregarious, but two or three males can call on the same trunk, separated by at least a distance of 50 cm. It is strictly sciaphilous. Call activities occur as well on daylight as 1 to 2 hours after sun set. Larval development sites are located most of the time at the base of large trees such as Banyan tree ( Ficus spp.) or Mango tree ( Mangifera indica ). More than 30 exuviae can be found on only one trunk. Larval metamorphosis occurs at night. The species was encountered from 100 m up to 600 m of altitude. We have no information on seasonality and peak period of emergence.

Figures

FIGURE 27. Kanakia rana Delorme sp. nov., dorsal view of holotype male (Photography: Laurent Fauvre, MNHN).

FIGURE 28. Kanakia rana Delorme sp. nov., ventral view of holotype male (Photography: Laurent Fauvre, MNHN).

FIGURE 29. Kanakia rana Delorme sp. nov., pygofer lateral view of holotype male (Photography: Laurent Fauvre, MNHN).

FIGURE 30. Kanakia rana Delorme sp. nov., pygofer ventral view of holotype male (Photography: Laurent Fauvre, MNHN).

FIGURE 31. Kanakia rana Delorme sp. nov., dorsal view of allotype female (Photography: Quentin Delorme, IAC).

FIGURE 32. Kanakia rana Delorme sp. nov., New Caledonia, Dumbéa, Monts Koghi, 06 / III / 2015. Graphic representation of a typical male calling song. A) Oscillogram of a record during 68 seconds. B) Oscillogram of a call. C) Spectrogram of a call. D) Power spectrum.

FIGURE 33. Distribution of Kanakia species.