Polycirrus papillosus, Carrerette, Orlemir & Nogueira, João Miguel De Matos, 2013

Carrerette, Orlemir & Nogueira, João Miguel De Matos, 2013, Four new species of Polycirrus Grube, 1850 (Polychaeta: Terebellidae) from Campos Basin, southeastern Brazil, Zootaxa 3626 (1), pp. 146-172 : 158-161

Polycirrus papillosus sp. nov.

( Figures 4–6 ; Tables 2 , 4 )

Type series. Holotype and paratypes 1–2 coll. 09.Mar.2009 (21º42'33.078"S 40º9'5.988"W, 147 m); holotype MZUSP 1216; paratype 1 MZUSP 1217; paratype 2 MZUSP 1218. Paratypes 3–6 coll. 16.Jul.2009 (22º45'44.583"S 41º45'39.316"W, 53 m); paratype 3 MZUSP 1219; paratype 4 LACM-AHF Poly 4985; paratype 5 LACM-AHF Poly 4986; paratype 6 ZUEC 11814. Paratypes 7–10 coll. 07.Feb.2009 (21º56'7.716"S 39º57'51.396"W, 720 m); paratype 7 USNM 1195840; paratype 8 USNM 1195841; paratype 9 ZUEC 11815; paratype 10 MZUSP 1244.

Material examined. HABITATS /PETROBRAS Project: State of Rio de Janeiro – Campos Basin, Mouth of Rio Paraíba do Sul: 21º40'18,936"S 40º58'32.184"W, 17 m, 4 specs, coll. 11.Mar.2009; 22º11'27.738"S 40º55'30.216"W, 45 m, 2 specs, coll. 12.Mar.2009; 21º39'26.124"S 40º31'33.204"W, 28 m, 2 specs, coll. 13.Mar.2009; 21º34'8.184"S 40º25'38.544"W, 29 m, 3 specs, coll. 13.Mar.2009; 21º45'9.870"S 40º14'14.082"W, 67 m, 1 spec., coll. 14.Mar.2009; 21º45'9.524"S 40º14'13.284"W, 67 m, 1 spec., coll. 14.Mar.2009; 21º45'9.870"S 40º14'14.082"W, 67 m, 1 spec., coll. 14.Mar.2009; 21º45'9.524"S 40º14'13.284"W, 67 m, 2 specs, coll. 14.Mar.2009. Continental Shelf: 22º45'44.583"S 41º45'39.316"W, 53 m, 4 specs, coll. 16.Jul.2009; 22º59'42.920"S 41º21'13.850"W, 77 m, 2 specs, coll. 02.Jul.2009; 23º12'4.250"S 40º59'41.700"W, 142 m, 2 specs, coll. 02.Jul.2009; 22º31'2.680"S 40º31'39.030"W, 137 m, 3 specs, coll. 03.Jul.2009; 22º3'34.270"S 40º7'5.530"W, 89 m, 2 specs, coll. 06.Jul.2009; 22º68.560"S 40º3'11.400"W, 150 m, 1 spec., coll. 07.Jul.2009; 21º42'33.078"S 40º9'5.988"W, 147 m, 5 specs, coll. 09.Mar.2009. Continental Slope/Canyons: 21º56'7.716"S 39º57'51.396"W, 720 m, 6 specs, coll. 07.Feb.2009; 23º37'52.932"S 41º19'48.006"W, 390, 7 m, 3 specs, coll. 01.Feb.2009; 21º56'7.524"S 39º57'51.414"W, 705.2 m, 7 specs, coll. 28.May.2008.

Additional material examined for comparison. Polycirrus bicrinalis Hutchings & Glasby, 1986 . Holotype: AM W 199637; paratypes: AM W 199638; AM W 199639; AM W 199640. Polycirrus paivai Garraffoni & Costa, 2003. Holotype: IBUFRJ–0484; paratypes: IBUFRJ–0486.

Description. Middle-sized, stout, anteriorly swollen worm, progressively tapering from midbody, constricted near termination of notopodia, then more robust; posterior segments of nearly uniform width until pygidium ( Figs 4 A–C, F; 5A–B); segmentation poorly defined dorsally ( Fig. 4 C), most specimens broken at segment on which notopodia terminate. Holotype complete, with 69 (30–69) segments, 9.5 (5.2–12) mm long, 1 (0.5–1.1) mm wide ( Table 4 ). Prostomium at base of upper lip, both basal and distal parts forming thick crests on dorsal surface of upper lip, basal part extending posteriorly and ventrally, terminating laterally to mouth ( Figs 4 A–F; 5A–C); distal part of prostomium swollen, extending along dorsal surface of upper lip until near anterior border ( Figs 4 B–F; 5A–C); two types of buccal tentacles, long tentacles distally expanded, short tentacles uniformly cylindrical. Peristomium restricted to lips ( Figs 4 A–F; 5A–D); nearly circular upper lip, ciliated, not clearly folded into three lobes ( Fig. 5 B–C); lower lip developed, densely ciliated, reaching posterior margin of segment 2 ( Figs 4 D–F; 5A–D). Segment 1 dorsally conspicuous ( Fig. 4 C); segment 2 distinctly narrower than following segments ( Figs 4 A–F; 5A–C). Tessellate, highly glandular paired ventro-lateral pads, covered on numerous large and rounded papillae, present until segment 12 (12–13); pairs of glandular pads separated by mid-ventral groove; wide groove on region with notopodia, progressively narrower from termination of ventrolateral pads to pygidium ( Figs 4 A–B, D–F; 5A–C). Cylindrical, elongate notopodia extending to segment 14 (13–16), with short, digitiform post-chaetal lobe ( Fig. 5 E). Pinnate notochaetae on anterior row, gradually tapering to tips; posterior row with winged notochaetae almost twice as long as chaetae of anterior row, wings relatively wide ( Figs 5 E–G, I; 6A–B). Neuropodia beginning from second segment after termination of notopodia, segment 16 in holotype (15–18) and most specimens ( Table 4 ); anterior neuropodia short, sessile tori, progressively more developed posteriorwards, as prominent pinnules on posterior chaetigers ( Fig. 4 A). Neurochaetae type 1 uncini sensu Glasby and Glasby (2006), small, longer than high, with pointed prow, short triangular heel, slightly curved back, short dorsal button near base of main fang, and crest with three transverse rows of secondary teeth, first row with three teeth, central tooth distinctly longer, following rows with smaller teeth of variable sizes ( Fig. 6 C–G). Nephridial and genital papillae not visible. Pygidial papillae not visible.

Remarks. Polycirrus papillosus sp. nov., is characterized by having tessellate glandular pads covered with rounded papillae on segments 2–12 (12–13), 12 (11–14) pairs of notopodia, bearing both limbate and pinnate notochaetae, with short and rounded post-chaetal lobe, and neuropodia beginning from the second segment after termination of notopodia ( Table 2 ).

This taxon also belongs to Group 1A sensu Glasby and Glasby (2006), for having type 1 uncini and notopodia terminating before segment 20. Among the species of this group, those which share with Polycirrus papillosus sp. nov., the presence of pinnate chaetae on anterior row of notochaetae are P. bicrinalis , P. broomensis , P. paivai , P. plumosus , and P. nonatoi sp. nov., described above.

Polycirrus bicrinalis also presents ventro-lateral pads covered with large and raised glandular papillae, but they extend until segment 10, whereas in P. papillosus sp. nov., they extend to segment 12 (12–13). Furthermore, P. bicrinalis differs from P. papillosus sp. nov., by having larger lower lip, broad, rectangular, extending ventro-laterally from the mouth far beyond oral area; 16 pairs of notopodia; and neuropodia beginning from first segment after termination of notopodia, segment 19 (Hutchings & Glasby 1986; JMMN personal observation). In P. papillosus sp. nov., in contrast, the lower lip does not extend laterally from the oral area, there are 11–14 pairs of notopodia, and neuropodia begin from the second segment after termination of notopodia ( Tables 1–2 ).

Polycirrus broomensis was originally described from Western Australia and, according to the redescription by Hutchings & Glasby (1986), differs from P. papillosus sp. nov., in having poorly developed glandular surface on ventrum of anterior segments, lacking discrete glandular pads, and neuropodia beginning from the first segment after the termination of notopodia, while in P. papillosus sp. nov., in addition to the neuropodia beginning from the second segment after termination of notopodia, the paired ventro-lateral pads are well defined, swollen and highly glandular, with large rounded papillae ( Tables 1–2 ; Figs 4 A–B, D–F; 5A–C).

Polycirrus paivai , according to the original description (Garraffoni & Costa 2003), differs from P. papillosus sp. nov., in having notopodia with all notochaetae similar in size, and neuropodia beginning from the penultimate segment with notopodia ( Table 1 ), while in P. papillosus sp. nov., notopodia have notochaetae progressively shorter ventralwards within each row. In adition, P. paivai has smooth, almost inconspicuous ventro-lateral glandular pads on anterior segments.

Finally, P. plumosus differs from P. papillosus sp. nov., because it has up to ~ 100 segments, notopodia extending to segments 19–21, and smooth ventro-lateral pads extending to segments 15–16, of which only the last six pairs are clearly defined ( Table 1 ).

Etymology. We attribute to this taxon the epithet “ papillosus ” in reference to the glandular pads on the ventrum of anterior segments being completely covered by rounded papillae.

Figures

FIGURE 4. Polycirrus papillosus sp. nov. Holotype (MZUSP 1216). A, entire worm, lateral view; B, anterior end, right lateral view; C, anterior end, dorsal view; arrows point to notopodial post-chaetal lobes; D, anterior end, ventral view; E, close up view of the anterior end, ventral view; F, anterior end, left ventro-lateral view. Numbers refer to segments; ll = lower lip; P * = basal part of the prostomium; P (dp) = distal part of the prostomium; ul = upper lip; vlp = ventro-lateral pads. Scale bars: A, D = 500 µm; B – C, F = 200 µm; E = 100 µm.

FIGURE 5. Polycirrus papillosus sp. nov. Paratype 10 (MZUSP 1244). A, anterior end, ventral view; B, anterior end, right ventro-lateral view; C, detail of the anterior end, ventral view; D, close up view of the lower lip; E, posterior notopodium; arrow points to notopodial post-chaetal lobe; F, tips and middle region of notochaetae from posterior row (narrowly winged); G, notochaetae from anterior row (pinnate) and bases of notochaetae from posterior row (narrowly winged); H, close up view of the tiers of a pinnate notochaeta; I, close up view of the wing of a narrowly winged notochaeta. Numbers correspond to the segments; ll = lower lip; ul = upper lip. Scale bars: A – C = 200 μm; D – E = 50 μm; F – G = 20 μm; H = 5 μm; I = 2 μm.

FIGURE 6. Polycirrus papillosus sp. nov. Photos A – C, E from holotype (MZUSP 1216); photos D, F – G from paratype 10 (MZUSP 1244). A, notochaetae from anterior notopodium; B, close up view of the tips of two notochaetae from anterior row (winged); C – E, uncini, anterior neuropodium; F – G, uncini, posterior neuropodia; arrow points to dorsal button. Scale bars: A – C = 20 μm; D, G = 5 μm; E = 10 μm; F = 2 μm.

Tables

TABLE 4. Morphological variation within the type-series of Polycirrus papillosus sp. nov.

	Holotype (MZUSP 1216)	Paratype 1 (MZUSP 1217)	Paratype 2 (MZUSP 1218)	Paratype 3 (MZUSP 1219)	Paratype 4 (LACM-AHF Poly 4985)	Paratype 5 (LACM-AHF Poly 4986)	Paratype 6 (ZUEC 11814)	Paratype 7 (USNM 1195840)	Paratype 8 (USNM 1195841)	Paratype 9 (ZUEC 11815)	Paratype 10 (MZUSP 1244)
Size (length x width (mm))	9.5 x 1.0	7.1 x 0.6	6.1 x 1.5	11 x 1.1	7.5 x 0.6	7.2 x 0.7	11 x 0.9	8.0 x 0.8	5.2 x 0.5	1.2 x 0.9	8.2 x 0.8
Number of segments	69	66	40	43	58	32	68	31	30	67	66
Termination of notopodia (segment)	14	13	14	14	13	13	14	15	13	16	15
Beginning of neuropodia (segment)	16	15	16	16	15	15	16	17	15	18	16
Ventro-lateral pads (segments)	12	13	12	12	12	13	12	12	12	12	12
Additional data	Complete, in good state of preservation	Complete, in good state of preservation	Incomplete, in good state of preservation	Incomplete, in good state of preservation	Complete, in good state of preservation	Complete, in good state of preservation	Incomplete, in good state of preservation	Incomplete, in good state of preservation	Complete, in good state of preservation	Complete, in good state of preservation	Incomplete, in good state of preservation, mounted on SEM stub