Sidera vulgaris (Fr.) Miettinen

Fryssouli, Vassiliki, Polemis, Elias, Typas, Milton A. & Zervakis, Georgios I., 2024, Revisiting the phylogeny and taxonomy of the genus Sidera (Hymenochaetales, Basidiomycota) with particular emphasis on S. vulgaris, MycoKeys 105, pp. 119-137 : 119-137

Sidera vulgaris (Fr.) Miettinen , Mycological Progress 10 (2): 136 (2011)

Figs 1 , 2

Polyporus vulgaris Fr., Systema Mycologicum 1: 381 (1821). Basionym.

Skeletocutis vulgaris (Fr.) Niemelä & Y. C. Dai , Annales Botanici Fennici 34 (2): 135 (1997). Synonyms.

Description.

Basidioma — Annual to biennial, resupinate, soft when fresh and rather tough, soft-corky after drying, confluent and widely effused covering extended under-surface of decaying logs, 0.8–2.0 mm thick at the centre; pore surface white to cream when fresh, becoming yellowish to buff when dry; sterile margin indistinct, cottony, white, thinning-out; pores very small, roundish, (5) 6–8 (10) per mm (n = 273 / 13); dissepiments thin, entire to slightly lacerate; subiculum very thin, cottony, concolorous with the tube layer; tubes concolorous with the poroid surface, up to 2 mm long.

Hyphal system dimitic in all parts of the basidioma; generative hyphae smooth, without encrustations, septa with clamp connections; skeletal hyphae not reacting with Cotton Blue, Melzer’s reagent or KOH.

Subiculum — Hyphae interwoven, skeletal hyphae dominating, skeletals (1.7) 2–3.5 (4.0) μm in diameter, rosette-like crystal clusters rare to common.

Tubes — Hyphae subparallel to moderately interwoven. Generative hyphae, thin to slightly thick-walled, poorly branched, 1.7–3.0 μm in diameter. Skeletal hyphae, thick-walled to subsolid, hyaline, rarely branched, flexuous, 1.7–3.5 μm in diameter, with scattered swellings up to 7 μm. Dissepiment edges with both generative and skeletal hyphae that often bear a swollen, capitate apex, generative hyphae sometimes covered by a mucous droplet, rosette-like crystals frequent in mature basidiomata. Cystidioles seldom to abundant, fusoid, thin-walled, hyaline, basally swollen, with hyphoid neck and mostly obtuse or capitate tip, some bearing crystals at apex (asterocystidia), a few modified as halocystidia were also observed, (9.3) 12.4–19.9 (25.0) × (2.2) 2.8–4.0 (5.3) μm (n = 125 / 15). Basidia barrel-shaped to somewhat short-clavate, with four sterigmata and a basal clamp, (6.2) 6.8–9.9 (14.6) × (3.1) 3.8–4.7 (5.6) μm (n = 185 / 15); basidioles barrel-shaped, slightly shorter than the basidia.

Basidiospores — Cylindrical, moderately curved to lunate, thin-walled, hyaline, smooth, negative in Melzer’s reagent, acyanophilous, (3.0) 3.4–3.9 (4.3) × (1.2) 1.4–1.6 (1.8) μm, Average = 3.6 × 1.5 μm, Q = (1.95) 2.24–2.60 (3.08) Q AV = 2.41 (n = 399 / 15).

Distribution and hosts.

The species is reported from Mediterranean Europe (e. g. Portugal, Spain, France, Italy, Croatia and Greece), Germany, Slovakia, Poland, Estonia, Sweden, Belarus, Russia, as well as from Armenia, Georgia, Iran, Kazakhstan, China, USA and Canada (Niemela ̈ and Dai 1997; Ghobad-Nejhad 2011; Bernicchia et al. 2020; Liu et al. 2022; this work). It occurs on various broadleaved trees of ( Alnus , Eucalyptus , Fagus , Populus , Quercus , Sorbus and Ulmus ), as well as on coniferous trees, i. e. Picea , Pinus ( P. halepensis , P. nigra ssp. laricio , P. pinaster , P. sylvestris ) or Juniperus and on Abies cephalonica (this work).

Specimens examined.

Greece: Sterea Ellas, Fthiotida, Gardiki, on trunk of Abies cephalonica , 28 April 2007, ACAM DD 2559, coll. D. Dimou. Attica, Mt. Parnitha, on trunk of P. halepensis , 30 May 2013, ACAM 2013 - 0017. coll. E. Polemis. ITALY: Emilia Romana, Forli, Pian del Pero Cullacea, on Ulmus glabra , 7 October 2002, HUBO 7629, coll. A. Bernicchia (as S.. vulgaris ); ibidem. on Fagus sp. 11 October 2006, HUBO 8296, coll. A. Bernicchia (as S.. lenis ); Ferrara, Bosco della Mesola, on Populus sp. 12 November 2003, HUBO 7701, coll. A. Bernicchia (as S.. lenis ); Bologna, Parko la Martina, on P. sylvestris , 16 July 2003, HUBO 7745, coll. A. Bernicchia (as S.. vulgaris ); Ravena, Pineta San Vitale, on Populus alba , 4 November 2003, HUBO 7811, coll. / det. A. Bernicchia (as S.. vulgaris ). Sardinia, Tonara, Isca de sa Mela, on P. nigra ssp. laricio , 14 October 2007, HUBO 8465, coll. L. Arras (as S.. vulgaris ); Sorgono, Isca de sa Mela, on P. nigra ssp. laricio , 18 November 2009, HUBO 8522, coll. A. Bernicchia (as S.. lenis ). SPAIN: Castile-Leon, Garcibuey, on Eucalyptus camaldulensis , 7 November 2005, SALA - Fungi 3749, ibidem. on P. pinaster , 22 November 2006, SALA - Fungi 3747, coll. S. P. Gorjón (as S.. lenis ); Herguijuela de la Sierra, on P. pinaster , 18 November 2007, SALA - Fungi 3752, coll. S. P. Gorjón (as S.. lenis ); Miranda del Castañar, on P. pinaster , 22 November 2006, SALA - Fungi 4105, coll. S. P. Gorjón (as Skeletocutis sp. ); San Martín del Castañar, on Acer monspessulatum , 14 October 2007, SALA - Fungi 4111, coll. S. P. Gorjón (as Skeletocutis sp. ); Cepeda, on Alnus glutinosa , 29 November 2006, SALA - Fungi 3745, coll. S. P. Gorjón (as S.. lenis ).

Figures

Figure 1. S. vulgaris specimen in situ (ΑCAM 2013 - 0017). Scale bar: 5 cm (left); 2 cm (right).

Figure 2. Micromorphological features of S. vulgaris; scale bar 5 μm [except of f and g 10 μm] a basidiospores (all specimens) b basidia (ACAM 2013 - 0017, ACAM DD 2559, HUBO 7745, HUBO 8296, HUBO 8465, SALA - Fungi 3752) c hymenium with basidia and basidioles (HUBO 8465) d branched and unbranched cystidioles bearing crystals at apex (asterocystidia) (ACAM DD 2559, SALA - Fungi 3752, SALA - Fungi 4111) e hymenial cystidioles (ACAM DD 2559, HUBO 8296, SALA - Fungi 3749) f hyphae of the subiculum with dominating skeletals (ACAM 2013 - 0017) g dissepiment edges with skeletal and generative hyphal ends (HUBO 7745) h details of the rosette-like crystal clusters from tramal hyphae (HUBO 7745) i capitate ends of generative hyphae from dissepiments and hymenium (with mucous droplets) (HUBO 8296, SALA - Fungi 3749, SALA - Fungi 3752) j skeletal hyphae from dissepiments with swellings (ACAM 2013 - 0017, HUBO 7745, SALA - Fungi 3752, SALA - Fungi 4111).