Endoxocrinus (Endoxocrinus) parrae parrae

David, Jerome, Roux, Michel, Messing, Charles G. & Ameziane, Nadia, 2006, Revision of the pentacrinid stalked crinoids of the genus Endoxocrinus (Echinodermata, Crinoidea), with a study of environmental control of characters and its consequences for taxonomy, Zootaxa 1156, pp. 1-50 : 35-36

Endoxocrinus (Endoxocrinus) parrae parrae [Gervais (in Guérin, 1835)]

Figures 4 c–d, 5b, 18, 19a, 20a.

Synonymy: Encrinus parrae Gervais (in Guérin, 1835): 49; Pentacrinus mülleri Oersted, 1856: 202 ; Pentacrinus (Neocrinus) mülleri Thomson, 1864: 7 ; Isocrinus parrae A.H. Clark, 1908a: 687 ; Endoxocrinus parrae A.H.Clark, 1908b: 151 ; Cenocrinus parrae Döderlein, 1912: 21 ; Endoxocrinus parrae Meyer et al., 1978 (pars): 424; Endoxocrinus parrae (phenotype PA) Oji, 1990a: 603, 1996: 340–341; Endoxocrinus (Endoxocrinus) mülleri var. mülleri David, 1998: 203 (unpublished data); Endoxocrinus (Endoxocrinus) mülleri Roux et al., 2002: 820 .

Diagnosis

A robust subspecies of E. parrae with up to 58 smooth arms (mode 41) up to 168 mm long (mean 125 mm); arm branching strongly endotomous; number of IIIBr 2–7 (mode 3); stalk length up to 34 cm (mean 17 cm); proximalmost stalk diameter up to 7 mm (mode 5.1 mm); proximal cirri remaining rudimentary before the 5th nodal; internodal diameter and thickness weakly irregular; number of internodals per noditaxis up to 12 (mode 8–9); ratio of height to diameter of nodals 0.40–0.43; cryptosymplexies without symmorphy and frequently fused in distal stalk of large specimens; number of cirrals per cirrus up to 43 (mode 35).

Occurrence

From the northwestern Bahamas to southern Brazil, including northern and southern Cuba, northern Jamaica, eastern Yucatan Peninsula, southeastern Nicaragua and Venezuela ( Aruba), at depths from 154 m to 518 (531?) m ( Oji 1990a, 1996; David 1998).

Figures

FIGURE 4. The four phenotypes of diplocrinine crinoids in their environment off the Bahamas. (a): population of the minimus phenotype on the flank of a lithoherm (photo courtesy A. C. Neumann, Univ. North Carolina, taken from DSV Alvin), (b): one specimen of the prionodes phenotype between blocks at the Deep site, (c): a population of the parrae phenotype accompanied by a few Neocrinus decorus on the upcurrent slope of a large mound at the Middle Site, (d): one specimen of the parrae phenotype on a hardground slope at the Middle Site, (e): a population of the carolinae phenotype clinging to the overhanging edge of a block at the Deep Site, (f): three specimens of the phenotype carolinae attached to the side of a block at the Deep Site (photos b­f taken from Johnson Sea Link by C. G. Messing).