Eurytoma iniquus Bugbee, 1951

Zhang, Y. Miles, Gates, Michael W. & Shorthouse, Joseph D., 2017, Revision of Canadian Eurytomidae (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea) associated with galls induced by cynipid wasps of the genus Diplolepis Geoffroy (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae) and description of a new species, Journal of Hymenoptera Research 61, pp. 1-29 : 7

Eurytoma iniquus Bugbee

Figs 7 , 33

Eurytoma iniquus Bugbee, 1951b: 253-254. Holotype female (USNM). Type data: USA, Colorado [Manitou]; associated with galls induced by Diplolepis neglectus (Gillette) on species of Rosa , April 24, 1920.

Diagnosis.

This species is similar to E. discordans , it can be distinguished by the yellow infuscation on the inner side of the pro- and mesocoxae (Fig. 7 ), whereas all other species have entirely black coxae.

Females.

Body length 2.2-3.0 mm. Color: Brown to black except for the following yellow to brown: inner faces of procoxa, pro- and mesofemur and tibia, apices of hindleg, protibia laterally, tip of ovipositor sheaths, all tarsomeres 1-4, wing veins (Fig. 7 ).

Head. 1.3 × as broad as high, umbilicate punctured with small tentorial pits. Genal carina present; malar space 0.8 × eye height; clypeus truncate and supraclypeal area smooth (Fig. 22 ). Toruli positioned about half way above lower ocular line. Intertorular space acute dorsally, with 2 rows setae. Ratio of LOL:OOL:POL is 1:1:2. Funiculars subequal in size; pedicel chalice-shaped; funicular segments fusiform; F1 slightly narrowed basally, funiculars with 2 rows of longitudinal sensilla and 3 whorls of setae; clava 2-segmented.

Mesosoma. Largely umbilicate, 1.4 × as long as broad; notauli complete, shallow. Epicnemium imbricate, flattened. Mesepisternum anterior to femoral depression umbilicate; mesepimeron reticulate ventrally, striolate or smooth dorsally, with longitudinal rugae originating from the posterior margin. Precoxal tooth formed by raised adscrobal carina present in lateral view. Lateral panels of propodeum and callus umbilicately punctate, distinctly delimited from median area by carinae forming irregular setose cells, median furrow delimited, forming 2 rows of irregular foveae (Fig. 25 ). Procoxa imbricate, lacking setation proximally. Mesocoxal lamella absent. Metacoxa sparsely setose anteriorly and one row of setae on the posterior apical margin. Forewing hyaline, marginal vein subequal to postmarginal vein in length. Basal cell with one row of setae.

Metasoma. Gaster 1.8 × as long as mesosoma in lateral view; smooth, anterior edge of gastral tergites microreticulate (Fig. 7 ). Petiole 0.5 × as long as broad in dorsal view, with projecting lateral teeth as well as mediodorsal prong. Gaster laterally compressed, oval shaped and convex in lateral view, ovipositor slightly upturned dorsad the horizontal axis. Gt1-4 glabrate, Gt5-8 and apex of ovipositor sheaths setose. Gt4 strongly emarginate on posterior margin dorsally.

Male.

Body length: 1.7-2.8 mm. Color: Black, yellow areas as described for female. Sculpture as described for female. Antennae with funicular segments pedunculate, F2-F5 each with 2 rows of erect setae and 1 row of longitudinal sensilla (Fig. 30 ); scape with ventral plate in apical half. Gastral petiole in lateral view cylindrical, in dorsal view length about 1.8 × as long as greatest width, 0.6 × times length of metacoxa; evenly reticulate dorsally and ventrally, obliterated laterally.

Remarks.

This species is likely a predator of inquiline Periclistus rather than the gall inducer, as they are reared from hosts that have a high rate of inquilism ( Zhang et al. 2014). Eurytoma iniquus is particularly abundant in Periclistus -modified galls induced by D. nodulosa , which are morphologically distinct from unmodified galls ( Shorthouse 2010). As the inducer larvae are killed during oviposition by the inquiline, the only inhabitants that are abundant within these galls are inquiline larvae. Eurytoma iniquus are morphologically distinct from the lectotype of Eurytoma nigricoxa Provancher, which has yellow coxae. The type of E. nigricoxa has the front and middle coxae orange-yellow similar to the remainder of the legs. The hindleg has the coxa darkish brown or dark orange-brown, somewhat lighter than the black meso- and metasoma, but much darker than the rest of the hindleg, which is similar in color to the fore- and midlegs (Gibson, pers. comm.). The CNCI has a single specimen with a Bugbee determination label as E. nigricoxa from Aylmer, Quebec that is reared from Periclistus -modified gall, but it has all the coxae black (Gibson, pers. comm.). Eurytoma nigricoxa is the only Nearctic species recorded in association with Periclistus , however this is likely an error as the lectotype lacks any biological information. Specimens from CNCI identified as E. nigricoxa are actually E. iniquus ( Bugbee 1967). Closely resembles E. longavena , but can be distinguished from the latter by the yellow infuscation on of the pro- and mesocoxae.

Biology.

Reared from galls induced by Diplolepis bicolor on Rosa blanda ; D. nodulosa on R. virginiana ; D. polita , D. rosaefolii on R. acicularis ; and D. variabilis on R. woodsii .

Material examined

(33 females, 20 males). CANADA: Alberta: Peace River, 16.VIII.1970, J.D. & M.R. Shorthouse, ex Diplolepis polita fall/spring emergence (4F, 2M, CNCI); Waterton Lakes National Park , 11.V.2011, J.D. & M.R. Shorthouse, ex Diplolepis bicolor on Rosa blanda (2F, CNCI) . British Columbia: Kelowna , 20.V.2008, R.G. Lalonde, ex Diplolepis variabilis on Rosa woodsii (1M, CNCI) . Ontario: Chelmsford, 5.V.1994, S.E. Brooks, ex Periclistus pirata -modified galls of Diplolepis nodulosa (6F, CNCI); Manitoulin Island, 29.IV.2011, J.D. Shorthouse, B.L. Smallwood & Y.M. Zhang, ex Diplolepis nodulosa modified by Periclistus sp. (4F, 2M, CNCI); Red Lake, 18.V.2002, J.D. Shorthouse & S.T. Offman, ex Diplolepis rosaefolii on Rosa acicularis (2M, CNCI); Thunder Bay , 15.V.2002, J.D. Shorthouse & S.T. Offman, ex Diplolepis bicolor on Rosa blanda (14F, 10M, CNCI) . Prince Edward Island: Eldon, J.D. & M.R. Shorthouse , 23.VIII.1992, ex Periclistus pirata -modified galls of Diplolepis nodulosa on Rosa virginiana (3F, 3M, CNCI) .

Distribution.

British Columbia, Alberta, Ontario, Québec, and Prince Edward Island (Fig. 33 ).

Figures

Figures 6 - 11. Tenuipetiolus ruber 6 Female habitus. Eurytoma iniquus 7 Female habitus. E. longavena 8 Female habitus. E. discordans 9 Female habitus. E. imminuta 10 Female habitus (length 2.0 mm). E. spongiosa 11 Female habitus (length 3.2 mm), arrow pointing to precoxal tooth formed by the adscrobal carina.

Figure 32 - 37. 32 Known localities of Eurytoma shorthousei in Canada 33 Known localities of E. iniquus in Canada 34 Known localities of E. longavena in Canada 35 Known localities of E. discordans in Canada. 36. Known localities of E. imminuta in Canada 37 Known localities of E. spongiosa in Canada.

Figures 18 - 23. Eurytoma obtusilobae 18 Propodeum 20 Petiole, lateral view. E. shorthousei sp. n. 19 Propodeal spiracle 21 Petiole, dorsal view. E. discordans: 22 Head, anterior view 23 Head, posterior view.

Figure 24 - 28. Eurytoma shorthousei 24 Face in lateral view. E. longavena 25 Propodeum 28 Female metasoma, lateral view. E. discordans 26 Female antenna 27 Female metasoma.

Figure 29 - 31. Eurytoma discordans 29 Male antenna. E. longavena 30 Male antenna 31 Known localities of Tenuipetiolus ruber in Canada.