Danarma obtusifrons ( Dana, 1851 )

Schubart, Christoph D. & Ng, Peter K. L., 2020, Revision of the intertidal and semiterrestrial crab genera Chiromantes Gistel, 1848, and Pseudosesarma Serène & Soh, 1970 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Sesarmidae), using morphology and molecular phylogenetics, with the establishment of nine new genera and two new species, Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68, pp. 891-994 : 922

publication ID	https://doi.org/10.26107/RBZ-2020-0097
publication LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:pub:815E4670-B063-4FD8-B31E-3AD89B3A7942
DOI	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6525261
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/49152B56-FFFE-BA3E-FF31-FEADFA21FDC4
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scientific name	Danarma obtusifrons ( Dana, 1851 )
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Treatment

Danarma obtusifrons ( Dana, 1851) View in CoL

( Figs. 13A View Fig , 14A View Fig , 18A View Fig , 19A–C, F–I View Fig , 43E View Fig )

Sesarma obtusifrons Dana, 1851: 250 View in CoL ; Dana, 1852: 355, pl. 22, fig. 9; H. Milne Edwards, 1853: 183; De Man, 1887: 644; Lenz, 1901: 472; Titcomb et al., 1979: 367; Godwin & Bolick, 2006: 39, 49.

Sesarma (Holometopus) obtusifrons View in CoL – Rathbun, 1906: 840; 1907: 35; Tesch, 1917: 179 (part); Edmondson, 1946: 306, fig. 183e; Edmondson, 1959: 185, figs. 13c, 17c; Serène, 1968: 107 (part).

Chiromantes obtusifrons View in CoL – Ng & Liu, 1999: 230.

“ Chiromantes ” obtusifrons View in CoL – Ng et al., 2008a: 220, 224 (part); Castro, 2011: 120 View Cited Treatment ; Davie & Ng, 2013: 2, figs. 1, 4A, 5A, B, 6A, B, 7A, B, 8A, 9A, B, 10A, 11.

Incertae sedis [see remarks later] (see Davie & Ng, 2013: 7)

Sesarma (Sesarma) obtusifrons View in CoL – De Man, 1895: 161; De Man, 1898: pl. 29, fig. 31.

Material examined. 2 males (16.8 × 12.9 mm, 19.7 × 14.7 mm) ( ZRC 2002.0220 View Materials , ex. BPBM-266), Malaikahana, Oahu, Hawaii, C.M. Cooke et al., 8 July 1916 ; 1 male (17.7 × 13.2 mm), 1 female (15.7 × 11.6 mm) ( UF-FLMNH 14837 ), 21.2833°N 157.667°E, Coco Head, Oahu, Hawaii, coll. G. Paulay et al., October 2006 GoogleMaps .

Diagnosis. Carapace transversely rectangular, ca. 1.3 times broader than long; dorsal carapace, lateral branchial regions weakly convex, not prominently swollen; external orbital tooth with outer margin broadly convex so greatest carapace width clearly posterior to external orbital tooth; front ca. 0.65 times carapace width, margin broadly convex in frontal view with medial part relatively straight in dorsal view, beaded with row of small but distinct granules, with pair of low lateral swellings behind margin; supraorbital margin entire, semicircular; dorsal surface of cheliped carpus covered in small but conspicuous granules; ambulatory legs relatively short; third ambulatory merus ca. 2.2 times longer than wide; fifth ambulatory merus ca. 2.3 times longer; fourth ambulatory propodus ca. 2.2 times longer; male pleon moderately broad; somite 6 with distolateral margins strongly divergent, relatively straight over distal two-thirds; somite 3 width 2.9 times basal width of telson; G1 relatively slender, weakly tapering to obtusely angled subdistal shoulder; distally slender, strongly bent to 45° angle; distal chitinous process long, with slender narrow apex, dorsal margin slightly concave. (After Davie & Ng, 2013: 2).

Colour. “Background colour of carapace, legs fawn to bluish gray, covered in fine darker speckling with scattering of slightly larger irregular spots. Legs with darker, broad transverse bands that are more noticeable on the carpi and meri. Chelipeds dorsally similar in colour to carapace and legs but becoming greyish white in frontal and ventral view. Ocular peduncles and corneas pale, similar to carapace in colour.” ( Davie & Ng, 2013: 5; fig. 1).

Remarks. This characteristic species has been reported from a wide area from the eastern Indian Ocean to Hawaii (type locality). Davie & Ng (2013) revised the taxonomy of the species and recognised four new species. All these species share the diagnostic generic features of the genus. Although the type(s) of Sesarma obtusifrons Dana, 1851 , are almost certainly lost, Davie & Ng (2013) argued that there was no need to designate a neotype as the species is distinctive and easily distinguished for all known congeners.

Biology. “ Edmondson (1959) noted that C. obtusifrons was found intertidally and “even above the high water mark”, and Paulay & Starmer (2011: 11) reported finding it living in a supratidal boulder field on O‘ahu.” ( Davie & Ng, 2013: 7).

Distribution. Known only from Hawaii ( Davie & Ng, 2013).

References

Castro P (2011) Catalog of the anomuran and brachyuran crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomura, Brachyura) of the Hawaiian Islands. Zootaxa, 2947: 1 - 154.

Dana JD (1851) Conspectus crustaceorum quae in orbis terrarum circumnavigatione, Carolo Wilkes e classe Reipublicae Foederatae Duce, lexit et descripsit J. D. Dana. Crustacea Grapsoidea, (Cyclometopa, Edwardsii). Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 5: 247 - 254.

Dana JD (1852) Crustacea, Part I. United States Exploring Expedition, During the Years 1838, 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842, Under the Command of Charles Wilkes, U. S. N., 13 (2): 686 - 1618. C. SHERMAN, Philadelphia. Atlas [1855]. Vol. 14, 27 pp., pls. 1 - 96.

Davie PJF & Ng PKL (2013) A review of Chiromantes obtusifrons (Dana, 1851) (Decapoda: Brachyura: Sesarmidae), with descriptions of four new sibling-species from Christmas Island, Guam and Taiwan. Zootaxa, 3609 (1): 1 - 25.

Man JG De (1887) Ubersicht der Indopacifischen Arten der Gattung Sesarma Say nebst einer Kritik der von W. Hess und E. Nauck in den Jahren 1865 und 1880 beschrieben Decapoden. Zoologische Jahrbucher, Abtheilung fur Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Thiere, 2: 639 - 722.

Man JG De (1895) Bericht uber die von Herrn Schiffscaptan Storm zu Atjeh, an den westlichen Kusten von Malakka, Borneo und Celebes sowie in der JavaSee gesammelten Decapoden und Stomatopoden. Zweiter Theil. Zoologische Jahrbucher, Abtheilung fur Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Thiere, 9: 75 - 218.

Edmondson CH (1946) Reef and Shore Fauna of Hawaii. Special Publications. Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum, 22: i - iii, 3 - 381, figs. 381 - 223.

Edmondson CH (1959) Hawaiian Grapsidae. Occasional Papers of the Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum, Honolulu, 22: 153 - 202, figs. 1 - 27.

Godwin S & Bolick H (2006) Inventory of Intertidal and Shallow Subtidal Marine Invertebrates at Kalaupapa National Historical Park, Moloka'i], Hawai'i. Final Report Prepared for the U. S. Department of Interior, National Park Service, Pacific Islands Coral Reef Program, Honolulu, 58 pp.

Milne Edwards H (1853) Memoires sur la famille des Ocypodiens, suite. Annales de Sciences Naturelle, Zoology, Paris, Serie 3 (Zoologie) 20: 163 - 228, pls. 6 - 11. [A continuation of H. Milne Edwards, 1852, and reprinted with it in the undated Melanges Carcinologiques pp. 129 - 196]

Ng PKL & Liu HC (1999) The taxonomy of Sesarma tangi Rathbun, 1931 and S. stormi De Man, 1895 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Grapsidae: Sesarminae), with establishment of a new genus for S. stormi. Zoological Studies, 38 (2): 228 - 237.

Ng PKL, Guinot D & Davie PJF (2008 a) Systema Brachyurorum: Part I. An annotated checklist of extant brachyuran crabs of the world. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, Supplement 17: 1 - 286.

Paulay G & Starmer J (2011) Evolution, insular restriction, and extinction of oceanic land crabs, exemplified by the loss of an endemic Geograpsus in the Hawaiian Islands. PLoS ONE, 6 (5): e 19916. doi: 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0019916

Rathbun MJ (1906) The Brachyura and Macrura of the Hawaiian Islands. Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission, 23 (3): 827 - 930, figs. 1 - 73, pls. 1 - 24.

Serene R (1968) The Brachyura of the Indo Pacific Region. In: Prodromus for a check list of the nonplanctonic marine fauna of South East Asia. Singapore National Academy of Science, Special Publication No. 1: 33 - 112.

Tesch JJ (1917) Synopsis of the genera Sesarma, Metasesarma, Sarmatium and Clistocoeloma, with a key to the determination of the IndoPacific species. Zoologische Mededelingen, 3: 127 - 260, pls. 15 - 17.

Titcomb M, Fellows DB, Pukui MK & Devaney DM (1979) Native use of marine invertebrates in old Hawaii. Pacific Science, 32 (4): 325 - 386.

Figures

Fig. 13. Overall habitus. A, Danarma obtusifrons, male (17.7 × 13.2 mm) (UF-FLMNH 14837), Oahu, Hawaii; B, Danarma silus, holotype male (16.3 × 12.8 mm) (ZRC 2012.0787), Guam; C, Danarma eurymerus, holotype male (18.7 × 14.8 mm) (NMNS-7028-002), Lanyu Island, Taiwan; D, Danarma garfunkel, holotype male (17.0 × 13.0 mm) (QM), Greta Beach, Christmas Island; E, Cristarma eulimene, male (22.2 × 17.2 mm) (ZRC 1968.1.22.2), Inhaca Island, Mozambique; F, Cristarma ortmanni, male (20.0 × 15.5 mm) (ZRC 1968.1.22.1), Inhaca Island, Mozambique; G, Trapezarma angolense, neotype male (39.3 × 32.7 mm) (SMF-ZMG 635), Benguella, Angola; H, Platychirarma buettikoferi, paralectotype male (10.0 × 8.7 mm) (SMF-ZMG 636), Fisherman Lake, Liberia; I, Platychirarma buettikoferi, lectotype male (14.1 × 11.6 mm) (RMNH D 148), Liberia; J, Platychirarma buettikoferi, male (12.6 × 10.4 mm) (ZRC 2015.0298), Cameroon.

Fig. 14. Frontal view of cephalothorax. A, Danarma obtusifrons, male (17.7 × 13.2 mm) (UF-FLMNH 14837), Hawaii; B, Danarma garfunkel, holotype male (17.0 × 13.0 mm) (QM, ex ZRC 2009.0822), Christmas Island; C, D, Danarma eurymerus, holotype male (18.7 × 14.8 mm) (NMNS-7028-002), Lanyu Island, Taiwan; E, Cristarma eulimene, male (22.2 × 17.2 mm) (ZRC 1968.1.22.2), Inhaca Island, Mozambique; F, Cristarma ortmanni, male (20.0 × 15.5 mm) (ZRC 1968.1.22.1), Inhaca Island, Mozambique; G, Trapezarma angolense, neotype male (39.3 × 32.7 mm) (SMF-ZMG 635), Benguella, Angola; H, Platychirarma buettikoferi, paralectotype male (10.0 × 8.7 mm) (SMF-ZMG 636), Fisherman Lake, Liberia.

Fig. 18. Male anterior thoracic sternum and pleon. A, Danarma obtusifrons, male (19.7 × 14.7 mm) (ZRC 2002.0220), Oahu, Hawaii; B, Danarma eurymerus, holotype male (18.7 × 14.8 mm) (NMNS-7028-002), Lanyu Island, Taiwan; C, Cristarma eulimene, male (22.2 × 17.2 mm) (ZRC 1968.1.22.2), Inhaca Island, Mozambique; D, Cristarma ortmanni, male (20.0 × 15.5 mm) (ZRC 1968.1.22.1), Inhaca Island, Mozambique; E, Trapezarma angolense, neotype male (39.3 × 32.7 mm) (SMF-ZMG 635), Benguella, Angola; F, Platychirarma buettikoferi, paralectotype male (10.0 × 8.7 mm) (SMF-ZMG 636), Fisherman Lake, Liberia.

Fig. 19. A–C, F–I, Danarma obtusifrons, male (19.7 × 14.7 mm) (ZRC 2002.0220), Oahu, Hawaii; D, E, J–N, Danarma eurymerus, holotype male (18.7 × 14.8 mm) (NMNS-7028-002), Lanyu Island, Taiwan. A, left third maxilliped (denuded); B, E, anterior thoracic sternites 1–4; C, D, male pleon; F, J, left G1 (ventral view, denuded); G, K, left G1 (dorsal view, denuded); H, L, left distal part of G1 (ventral view, denuded); I, M, left distal part of G1 (dorsal view, denuded); N, left G2 (denuded). After Davie & Ng (2013: figs. 11, 14). Scales: A–G, J, K, N = 1.0 mm; H, I, L, M = 0.5 mm.

Fig. 43. Vulva. A, Chiromantes haematocheir, female (27.0 × 23.7 mm) (ZRC 2002.0225), Japan; B, Orisarma dehaani, female (20.4 × 17.8 mm) (ZRC 2012.0057), Japan; C, Orisarma intermedium, female (31.8 × 28.4 mm) (ZRC 2013.0140), Japan; D, Orisarma patshuni, female (20.5 × 18.1 mm) (ZRC 2014.0817), Hong Kong; E, Danarma obtusifrons, female (15.7 × 11.6 mm) (UF-FLMNH 14837), Hawaii; F, Danarma eurymerus, paratype ovigerous female (18.0 × 13.4 mm) (ZRC 2012.0956), Taiwan; G, Cristarma eulimene, female (15.6 × 12.8 mm) (ZRC 1968.1.22.3), Mozambique; H, Cristarma ortmanni, female (13.1 × 10.2 mm) (ZRC 2000.1783), Kenya; I, Trapezarma angolense, female (18.2 × 14.3 mm) (ZRC 2015.0297), Cameroon; J, Platychirarma buettikoferi, ovigerous female (11.3 × 9.1 mm) (ZRC 2015.0298), Cameroon.