Neoempheria ferruginea

Sueyoshi, Masahiro, 2014, Taxonomy of fungus gnats allied to Neoempheria ferruginea (Brunetti, 1912) (Diptera: Mycetophilidae), with descriptions of 11 new species from Japan and adjacent areas, Zootaxa 3790 (1), pp. 139-164 : 162

Key to species allied to Neoempheria ferruginea in Japan

1. Scutum with 5 dark brown stripes (Fig.1a–l). Wing cell r1 more than 4 times as long as wide. Anterior margin of wing tinged with yellow, distinct from other hyaline parts of wing, apical halves of wing cells r4 and cua2 filled with dark brown marks ( Fig. 3 a–l). Male T9 with pair of dorsal projections bearing numerous setae on ventral side ( Fig. 4 a, b). Dorsal projection not articu- lated with T9, tapered to apex ( Fig. 4 a, b). Female 8th and following abdominal segments shorter than 7th abdominal segment.................................................................................................... 2

- Scutum with 0–3 dark brown stripes. Wing cell r1 less than 2 times as long as wide. Wing marks different from above pattern, wing with transverse dark marks or entirely clouded. Male T9 with or without pair of projections bearing numerous setae on ventral side. Relative length of female 8th and following abdominal segments to 7th abdominal segment variable........................................................................................ other species of Neoempheria

2. Male gonostylus thick, with apical half less than 2 times long as wide (ex. Figs.11 b, 18b). S9 broad, at least 1/3 as wide as long (ex. Figs. 11 a, 18a). Gonocoxites separate ventrally by distance equal to width of S9. Aedeagus with pair of ventral projec- tions, bifurcated at apex (ex. Figs. 11 a, 18a). Female S7 with strong setae distinct from other surrounding setae on posterior margin ( Fig. 4 e). Entire female S8 plus gonocoxite 8 quadrate in ventral view ( Fig. 4 f: S8 and gc8)..................... 3

- Male gonostylus slender, apical 1/3 broadened (ex. Figs. 9 b, 10b). S9 narrow, less than 1/5 as wide as long (ex. Figs. 9 a, 10a). Gonocoxites separated ventrally by less than width of S9. Aedeagus without projections, dilated at apex, with sclerotized part bent ventrally (ex. Figs. 9 a, 10a). Female S7 with triangular incision on median posterior margin ( Fig. 4 d) and uniform setae on posterior margin ( Fig. 4 c). Female S8 triangular in ventral view ( Fig. 4 d)....................................... 8

3. Male................................................................................................ 4

- Female............................................................................................. 7

4. Sternite 9 without sternal projections, visible in ventral view as black quadrate sclerite ( Fig. 16 c)........... N. latisternata

- Sternite 9 with pair of sternal projections (ex. Figs. 11 a, 16a)................................................... 5

5. Sternal projection of S9 with blunt apex ( Fig. 18 a)............................................... N. sakhalinensis

- Sternal projection of S9 tapered to apex ( Figs. 11 a, 16a)....................................................... 6

6. Sternal projection of S9 extended posteriorly ( Fig. 16 a)............................................. N. forficulata

- Sternal projection of S9 extended anteriorly ( Fig. 11 a)............................................. N. bisecuriata

7. Gonapophysis 9 with 2 ventral sublateral ridges ( Fig. 18 e). 9th gonocoxite without projections........... N. sakhalinensis

- Gonapophysis 9 with a single ventromedial ridge ( Fig. 11 e). 9th gonocoxite with distinct projection, upward at apex ( Fig. 11 e)........................................................................................... N. bisecuriata

8. Male............................................................................................... 9

- Female............................................................................................ 16

9. Gonocoxite without gonocoxal lobe (ex. Figs. 10 a, 17a)..................................................... 10

- Gonocoxite with gonocoxal lobe (ex. Figs. 9 a, 14c)......................................................... 14

10. Sternite 9 with sternal projection (ex. Figs. 10 a, 14a)......................................................... 11

- Sternite 9 without sternal projection ( Fig. 17 a)...................................................... N. muticata

11. Sternal projection of S9 with apex flattened dorso-ventrally ( Figs. 10 a, 12a)..................................... 12

- Sternal projection of S9 keel-like in shape, with blunt apex ( Figs. 13 a, 14a)....................................... 13

12. Sternal projection of S9 with bifurcate apex, visible in lateral view ( Fig. 10 b)............................. N. bifurcata

- Sternal projection of S9 with round apex, invisible in lateral view ( Fig. 12 b)......................... N. brevispathulata

13. Sternal projection of S9 broad ( Fig. 13 a), distinctly tinged with black................................... N. carinata

- Sternal projection of S9 narrow ( Fig. 14 a), tinged with yellow to brown.................................… N. cuneata

14. Gonocoxal lobe round or blunt at apical outer margin ( Figs. 9 a, 15a)............................................. 15

- Gonocoxal lobe with 2 dentations at apex ( Fig. 14 c)................................................ N. denticulata

15. Gonocoxal lobe round at apical margin ( Fig. 15 a)..................................................... N. dilatata

- Gonocoxal lobe with blunt apical margin ( Fig. 9 a).................................................. N. biceltisuta

16. Gonapophysis 8 round at apex ( Fig. 10 c)................................................................. 17

- Gonapophysis 8 quadrate or acute at apex ( Figs. 9 c, 15c)..................................................... 18

17. Gonapophysis 9 with a single ventromedial ridge ( Fig. 10 e)........................................... N. bifurcata

- Gonapophysis 9 with 2 ventral sublateral ridges ( Fig. 13 d)............................................. N. carinata

18. Gonapophysis 8 serrate at dorsal apex ( Fig. 9 c). Gonapophysis 9 with indistinct 2 ventral sublateral ridges ( Fig. 9 e)................................................................................................... N. biceltisuta

- Gonapophysis 8 smooth at dorsal apex ( Fig. 15 c). Gonapophysis 9 with a single ventromedial ridge ( Fig. 15 e).... N. dilatata

Figures

FIGURE 3. Right wings of Neoempheria in dorsal view. a, N. biceltisuta sp. n. (holotype). b, N. bifurcata sp. n. (holotype). c, N. bisecuriata sp. n. (holotype). d, N. brevispathulata sp. n. (holotype). e, N. carinata sp. n. (holotype). f, N. cuneata sp. n. (holotype). g, N. denticulata sp. n. (holotype). h, N. dilatata sp. n. (holotype). i, N. forficulata sp. n. (holotype). j, N. latisternata sp. n. (holotype). k, N. muticata sp. n. (holotype). l, N. sakhalinensis Zaitzev, 2001 (Ne. 2042).

FIGURE 4. Male and female abdomens of Neoempheria. a, e, f, N. sakhalinensis Zaitzev, 2001 (a, Ne. 2042; e, f, Ne. 2041). b, c, N. bifurcata sp. n. (b, Ne. 1648; c, Ne. 1649.) d, N. carinata sp. n. (Ne. 1206.) a, b, male 9 th abdominal segment in dorsal view (a) and left lateral view (b). c – f, female 6 th abdominal segment and following segments in left lateral view (c, e) and in ventral view (d, f). Scale bars = 0.50 mm. Abbreviations: ad, aedeagus; c, cercus; dp, dorsal projection of tergite 9; gc, male gonocoxites I and II; gcIII, male gonocoxite III; gs, gonostylus; lp, lateral plate of tergite; sp, sternal projection; S 7, sternite 7; T 7, tergite 7; S 8, tergite 8; gc 8, female gonocoxite 8; gp 8, female gonapophysis 8.

FIGURE 9. Neoempheria biceltisuta sp. n. a, b, male (holotype). c – e, female (paratype, Ne. 7006). a, 9 th abdominal segment and aedeagus in ventral view. b, gonocoxite, gonostylus, and aedeagus in left lateral view. c, 8 th abdominal sternite and projections in left lateral view. d, e, 9 th abdominal segment in left lateral view (d) and posterior view (e). Scale bars: a, b = 0.50 mm; c – e = 0.25 mm. Abbreviations: gc, male gonocoxite; gl, gonocoxal lobe of male 9 th gonocoxite; gp, gonocoxal projection; gs, gonostylus; lb, labia; ma, membranous part of aedeagus; sa, sclerotized part of aedeagus; vr, ventral sublateral ridge of female gonapophysis 9; S 8, sternite 8; S 9, sternite 9; T 9, tergite 9; gc 8, female gonocoxite 8; gc 9, female gonocoxite 9; gp 8, female gonapophysis 8; gp 9, female gonapophysis 9.

FIGURE 10. Neoempheria bifurcata sp. n. a, b, male (holotype). c – e, female (paratype, Ne. 3015). a, 9 th abdominal segment and aedeagus in ventral view. b, gonocoxite, gonostylus, and aedeagus in left lateral view. c, sternite 8 and projections in left lateral view. d, e, 9 th abdominal segment in left lateral view (d) and posterior view (e). Scale bars: a, b = 0.50 mm; c – e = 0.25 mm. Abbreviations: sp, sternal projection of sternite 9; refer to Fig. 9 for others.

FIGURE 11. Neoempheria bisecuriata sp. n. a, b, male (holotype). c – e, female (paratype, Ne. 1194). a, 9 th abdominal segment and aedeagus in ventral view. b, gonocoxite, gonostylus and aedeagus in left lateral view. c, sternite 8 and projections in left lateral view. d, e, 9 th abdominal segment in left lateral view (d) and posterior view (e). Scale bars = 0.50 mm. Abbreviations: sp, sternal projection of sternite 9; ve, ventral extension of sclerotized part of aedeagus; vp, ventral projection of aedeagus; refer to Fig. 9 for others.

FIGURE 12. Neoempheria brevispathulata sp. n. (male, holotype). a, 9 th abdominal segment and aedeagus in ventral view. b, - gonocoxite, gonostylus, and aedeagus in left lateral view. Scale bars = 0.50 mm. Abbreviations: sp, sternal projection of sternite 9; refer to Fig. 9 for others.

FIGURE 13. Neoempheria carinata sp. n. a – c, male (paratype, Ne. 1205); d, e, female (paratype, Ne. 1206). a, 9 th abdominal segment and aedeagus in ventral view. b, gonocoxite, gonostylus, and aedeagus in left lateral view. c, aedeagus in left lateral view. d, e, 9 th abdominal segment in posterior view (d) and left lateral view (e). Scale bars = 0.25 mm. Abbreviations: sp, sternal projection of sternite 9; vr, ventral sublaeral ridge; refer to Fig. 9 for others.

FIGURE 14. Male holotypes of Neoempheria cuneata sp. n. (a, b) and N. denticulata sp. n. (c, d). a, c, 9 th abdominal segment and aedeagus in ventral view. b, d, male gonocoxite, gonostylus, and aedeagus in left lateral view. Scale bars = 0.50 mm. Abbreviations: sp, sternal projection of sternite 9; refer to Fig. 9 for others.

FIGURE 15. Neoempheria dilatata sp. n. a, b, male (holotype); c – e, female (paratype, Ne. 2013). a, 9 th abdominal segment and aedeagus in ventral view. b, gonocoxite, gonostylus, and aedeagus in left lateral view. c, sternite 8 and projections in left lateral view. d, e — 9 th abdominal segment in left lateral view (d) and posterior lateral view (e). Scale bars: a – c = 0.50 mm; d – f = 0.25 mm. Refer to Fig. 9 for abbreviations.

FIGURE 16. Male holotypes of Neoempheria forficulata sp. n. (a, b) and N. latisternata sp. n. (c, d). a, c, 9 th abdominal segment and aedeagus in ventral view. b, d, gonocoxite, gonostylus, and aedeagus in left lateral view. Scale bars = 0.50 mm. Abbreviations: sp, sternal projection of sternite 9; ve, ventral extension of sclerotized part of aedeagus; vp, ventral projection of aedeagus; refer to Fig. 9 for others.

FIGURE 17. Neoempheria muticata sp. n. a, b, male (holotype); c – e, female (paratype, Ne. 2043). a, 9 th abdominal segment and aedeagus in ventral view. b, gonocoxite, gonostylus, and aedeagus in left lateral view. c, sternite 8 and projections in left lateral view. d, e, 9 th abdominal segment in left lateral view (d) and posterior view (e). Scale bars: a, b = 0.50 mm; c – e = 0.25 mm. Abbreviations: gp, gonocoxal projection; vr, ventral sublateral ridge; refer to Fig. 9 for others.

FIGURE 18. Neoempheria sakhalinensis Zaitzev, 2001. a – c, male (Ne. 2042); d, e, female (Ne. 2041). a, male 9 th abdominal segment and aedeagus in ventral view. b, gonocoxite and gonostylus in left lateral view. c — aedeagus in left lateral view. d, e, 9 th abdominal segment in left lateral view (d) and posterior view (e). Scale bars: a, b = 0.50 mm; c – e = 0.25 mm. Abbreviations: de, dorsal extension of sclerotized part of aedeagus; sp, sternal projection of sternite 9; vp, ventral projection of aedeagus; ve, ventral extension of sclerotized part of aedeagus; vr, ventral sublateral ridge; refer to Fig. 9 for others.