Eupolyphaga yunnanensis ( Chopard, 1922 )

Qiu, Lu, Che, Yang-Li & Wang, Zong-Qing, 2018, A taxonomic study of Eupolyphaga Chopard, 1929 (Blattodea: Corydiidae: Corydiinae), Zootaxa 4506 (1), pp. 1-68 : 19-22

Eupolyphaga yunnanensis ( Chopard, 1922)

( Figs. 6 J–Q; 14 A–C; 22 A–D; 38 J–R; 42 A–H)

Polyphaga yunnanensis Chopard, 1922: 195 , types: 1 male, “ Yunnan, Tsé-Kou”, 1 female, “Se-Tchouen, Siao-Lou”, co-types: 2 males and 1 female, the locality was mentioned the same as the types, but there are two types with different locality, figs. 5-6 for male and female; Hanitsch 1927: 41.

Eupolyphaga yunnanensis: Chopard 1929: 265 , fig. 31 for female supra-anal plate, pl. 9, fig. 10 for male; Wu 1935: 29; Bey- Bienko 1938: 124, “E. Tibet: Poshö” and “S.E. Tibet: Zayul”; Bey-Bienko 1950: 286; Princis 1951: 5, 2 females from Honan (= Henan, doubtful record); Princis 1962: 54; Woo 1981: 57, part.

Eupolyphaga limbata: Princis 1952: 34 , part, synonymized both Homoeogamia sinensis Saussure and Polyphaga yunnanensis Chopard under E. limbata ; Woo & Feng 1988: 29; Woo & Feng 1992: 53, 1 male from Yajiang, Sichuan.

Material examined. CHINA: Tibet: 1 male and 7 nymphs (SWU, all in 100% alcohol), about 20 km to north Zayü County [察隅县], Nyingchi City [林芝市], 2600 m, found inside the mixture of dry rocks and sand under a tree, 14.VIII.2015, Lu Qiu collected and reared; 1 male and 2 females ( SWU, all in 100% alcohol), Gujing Village [古井村], Guyu Township [古玉乡], Zayü County, Nyingchi City , 3163 m, 6.VII.2016, Jian-Yue Qiu & Hao Xu leg. ; 1 male ( SWU), Sangjiu Village [桑 久村], Zayü County, Nyingchi City , 3000 m, 23.VI.1973, no collector recorded ; 1 female ( SWU, in 100% alcohol), Cibagou [慈巴沟], Zayü County, Nyingchi City , 1.VIII.2014, Wei- Wei Zhang leg. ; 1 male ( MHBU), Zayü County, Nyingchi City , 17.VII.2005, Ai-Min Shi leg. ; 6 nymphs ( MHBU), Chawalong Township [察瓦龙乡], Zayü County, Nyingchi City , 1-2.VII.2005, Ai-Min Shi leg. ; 4 nymphs ( MHBU), Menkong Village [门空村], Gula Township [古拉乡], Zayü County, Nyingchi City , 3.VII.2005, Ai-Min Shi leg. ; 3 females and 2 nymphs ( SWU, all in 100% alcohol), Suotong Village [索通村] (near Tongmai ), Guxiang Township [古乡], Bomê County [波密县], Nyingchi City , 24.VII.2016, Jian-Yue Qiu & Hao Xu leg. ; 2 males, 1 female and 6 nymphs ( MHBU), Guxiang Township [古乡], Bomê County, Nyingchi City , 2335 m, 27.VII.2009, Guo-Dong Ren et al. leg .; 4 males, 3 females and 8 nymphs ( MHBU), Songzong Town [松宗镇], Bomê County, Nyingchi City , 3320m, 14.VII.2008, Guo-Dong Ren et al. leg .; 4 males and 3 females ( SWU, all in 100% alcohol), Bomê County, Nyingchi City , 11.VII.2016, Jian-Yue Qiu & Hao Xu leg. ; 2 nymphs ( MHBU), Bomê County, Nyingchi City , 17.VI.2004, Yi-Bin Ba & Ai-Min Shi leg. ; 1 female ( MHBU), Bomê County, Nyingchi City , 26.VII.2009, Guo-Dong Ren et al. leg .; 2 males and 3 females ( SWU, all in 100% alcohol), Tongmai Town [通麦 镇], Bomê County, Nyingchi City , 21.VII.2016, Jian-Yue Qiu & Hao Xu leg. ; 2 males, 9 females and 11 nymphs ( SWU, 1 male, 7 females and 11 nymphs in 100% alcohol), Tongmai Town [通麦镇], Bomê County, Nyingchi City , 24.VII.2016, Jian-Yue Qiu & Hao Xu leg. ; 3 males ( SWU, all in 100% alcohol), Tongmai Town [通麦镇], Bomê County, Nyingchi City , 12.VIII.2017, Jian-Yue Qiu & Hao Xu leg. ; 4 males ( SWU), Yigong Township [易贡 乡], Bomê County, Nyingchi City , 2300m, 14, 15, 22, 25.VIII.1983, Yin-Heng Han leg. ; 1 male ( SWU), Yigong Township, Bomê County, Nyingchi City , 2700m, 1.IX.1983, Yin-Heng Han leg. ; 1 nymph ( MHBU), Yigong Township, Bomê County, Nyingchi City , 2205m, 13.VIII.2014, Guo-Dong Ren, Xing-Long Bai & Jun-Sheng Shan leg. ; 2 males ( SWU), Zhamu Town [扎木镇], Bomê County, Nyingchi City , 2750m, 26.IX.1973 , no collector recorded; 1 nymph ( SWU), Zhamu Town, Bomê County, Nyingchi City , 2750m, 2.VII.1974, Fu-Sheng Huang leg. ; 1 male ( SWU), Gedang Township [格当乡], Motuo County [墨脱县], Nyingchi City , 2000m, 25.IX.1982, Zai Lin leg. ; 4 nymphs ( MHBU), Bayi Town [八一镇], Nyingchi City , 3350m, 12.VII.2008 , Guo-Dong Ren et al. leg.; 1 nymph ( MHBU), Bayi Town, Nyingchi City , 11.VII.2013, Xing-Long Bai & Jun-Sheng Shan leg. ; 3 nymphs ( MHBU), Bayi Town, Nyingchi City , 5.VIII.2003, Guo-Dong Ren leg. ; 1 male ( SWU), Pai Town [派镇], Mainling County [米林县], Nyingchi City , 4300m, 25.VIII.1983, Yin-Heng Han leg. ; 12 nymphs ( MHBU), Pai Town, Mainling County, Nyingchi City , 7.VIII.2003, Guo-Dong Ren leg. ; 2 males ( SWU), Youxi Village [酉西村], Jitang Town [吉塘镇], Chagyab County [察雅县], 16.VIII.1976, Yin-Heng Han leg. ; 3 females, 6 nymphs ( MHBU), Jitang Town , Chagyab County, 3189m, 21.VII.2009, Guo-Dong Ren et al. leg .; 1 female ( SWU), Qixingyan [七星 岩], Qamdo City [昌都市], 4200m, 1.IX.1976, Xue-Zhong Zhang leg. ; 1 nymph ( MHBU), Laduo Township [拉 多乡], Qamdo City , 27.VII.2011, Guo-Dong Ren et al. leg .; 1 female ( MHBU), Wangda Town [旺达镇], Zuogong County [左贡县], Qamdo City , 15.VII.2008 , Guo-Dong Ren et al. leg.; 2 nymphs ( MHBU), Jida Township [吉达 乡], Baxoi County [八宿县], Qamdo City , 4200m, 11-14.VII.2008 , Guo-Dong Ren et al. leg.; 1 nymph ( MHBU), Jida Township , Baxoi County, Qamdo City , 22.VII.2009, Guo-Dong Ren et al. leg.. Sichuan: 1 male and 1 nymph ( SWU, ex LQLC), Wanglang Natural Reserve [王朗自然保护区], Pingwu County [平武县], Mianyang City [绵阳 市], 2000m, under dry sand near a house, VIII.2015, Qian-Cheng Sun leg. ; 9 females, 26 nymphs ( MHBU), Mt. Zhangqiashan [章洽山], a small mountain near Ma'erkang City [马尔康市], Aba Prefecture [阿 坝州], 27.VII.1999, Guo-Dong Ren leg. ; 1 male ( MHBU), Yonghe Village [永和村], Songpan County [松潘县], Aba Prefecture , 19-20.VII.2009, Zhen-Hua Gao leg. ; 1 female and 1 nymph ( MHBU), Donglie Township [冻列乡], Ruoergai County [若尔盖县], Aba Prefecture , 10.VII.2009, Guo-Dong Ren leg. ; 3 males ( SWU, ex LQLC), Mt. Baigashan [白岬山], Zhanggu Town [章谷镇], Danba County [丹巴县], Ganzi Prefecture [甘孜州], 2165m, 14.VI.2013, Li He leg. ; 3 males, 5 females and 16 nymphs ( MHBU), Mt. Baigashan, Zhanggu Town , Danba County, Ganzi Prefecture , 2200m, 29.VII.1999, Guo-Dong Ren leg. ; 4 males ( SWU, in 100% alcohol), Danba County, Ganzi Prefecture , 12.VII.2017, Jian-Yue Qiu & Hao Xu leg. ; 4 nymphs ( SWU, in 100% alcohol), Mt. Baigashan, Zhanggu Town , Danba County, Ganzi Prefecture , X.2016, Jian-Yue Qiu & Xin-Ran Li leg. ; 1 female ( SWU, in 100% alcohol), Zari Valley [咱日沟], Gaer Twon [呷尔镇], Jiulong County [九龙县], Ganzi Prefecture , 2971m, 27.VIII.2016, Li-Li Wang leg. ; 1 male ( SWU), Yajiang County [雅 江县], Ganzi Prefecture , 3350m, 25.VIII.1982, Xue-Zhong Zhang leg. ; 1 female, 3 nymphs ( MHBU), Luhuo County [炉霍县], Ganzi Prefecture , 3400m, 31.VII.1999, Guo-Dong Ren et al. leg .; 1 female ( MHBU), Ma’nigan’ge Township [马尼干戈乡], Dege County [德格县], Ganzi Prefecture , 5.VI.2004, Yi-Bin Ba & Ai-Min Shi leg. ; 2 females ( MHBU), Mt. Malishan [马利山], a small mountain near Kangding City [康定市], Ganzi Prefecture , 3500m, 2.VIII.1999, Guo-Dong Ren et al. leg .; 1 female, 2 nymphs ( MHBU), Mt. Quegongshan [雀公山], a mountain near Kangding City town [康定 市], Ganzi Prefecture , 2000m, 5-6.VIII.1999, Guo-Dong Ren leg. ; 1 male, 3 females, 20 nymphs ( MHBU), Mt. Yujunshan [玉君山], a mountain near Kangding City town, Ganzi Prefecture , 3000m, 6.VIII.1999, Guo-Dong Ren leg. ; 1 female, 4 nymphs ( MHBU), Guza Town [姑咱镇], Kangding City, Ganzi Prefecture , 6.VIII.2009, Zhen-Hua Gao & Yi-Ping Niu leg. ; 2 males, 11 females, 17 nymphs ( MHBU), Mt. Diaobaoshan [碉堡山], a small mountain near Daofu County [道孚县], Ganzi Prefecture , 2900m, 30.VII.1999, Guo-Dong Ren leg. ; 1 female ( MHBU), Geletuo Township [歌乐沱乡], Sertar / Seda County [色达县], Ganzi Prefecture , 25.VII.2011, Guo-Dong Ren et al. leg.. Yunnan: 1 male ( SWU), Pantian’ge Township [攀天阁乡], Weixi County [维西县], Diqing Prefecture [迪庆 州], 2550m, under a brick on a rooftop, 20.VIII.2015, Jian-Yue Qiu leg. ; 2 males ( KIZCAS), Deqin County [德钦 县], Diqing Prefecture , 1.VII.1978, Yun-Xing Gan leg. ; 1 male ( MHBU), Mt. Cangshan [苍山], Dali City [大理 市], Dali Prefecture [大理州], 17.VI.2005, Ai-Min Shi leg. ; 2 males ( SWU), Eryuan County [洱源县], Dali Prefecture , 17.IX.1936, Qi-Wu Wang leg. ; 1 male ( SWU), Shiyang Town [石羊镇], Dayao County [大姚县], Chuxiong Prefecture [楚雄州], 12.VIII.2012, Ji-Hui Liu leg. ; 1 male ( SWU), Erchahe River [二岔河], Yaoan County [姚安县], Chuxiong Prefecture , 22.VII.2012, Ji-Hui Liu leg. ; 1 male ( SWU), Anning City [安宁市], Kunming City [昆明市], 1700m, 21.V.1980, no collector recorded ; 1 male ( IZCAS), Lijiang City [丽江市], 18.VII.1958, no collector recorded . Gansu: 2 males ( IZCAS), Tielou Township [铁楼乡], Wenxian County [文县], Longnan City [陇南市], 1450m, 24.VII.1999, Jian Yao leg. ; 2 males ( NRM), all labeled: “ Kina, S. Kansu (China, S. Gansu).”, “ Sven Hedins, Exp. Ctr. Asien , Dr Hummel.”, with a determined label “ Eupolyphaga limbata (Kirby) , male, K. Princis det. 1952.” . Neimenggu (Inner Mongolia): 1 male ( SWU), Xuelingzi [雪岭子], Nansi [南寺], Ho-lan Mountains [贺兰山], Alxa Left Banner [阿拉善左旗], 2249m, 8.VI.2015, Gui-Qiang Huang leg ; 2 females ( MHBU), Xiazigou [峡子沟], Ho-lan Mountains, Alxa Left Banner , 6.VIII.2010, Guo-Dong Ren, Long Jia et al. leg .; 1 female ( MHBU), northeast of Alxa Left Banner , 1.V.1992, Guo-Dong Ren leg. Qinghai: 2 nymph ( IZCAS), Yushu City [玉树市], Yushu Prefecture [玉树州], 3750m, 9.VI.1964, Shu-Yong Wang leg. ; 1 female and 1 nymph ( MHBU), Jiegu Town [结古镇], Yushu City, Yushu Prefecture , 4200m, 3.VII.2008, Guo-Dong Ren et al. leg .; 1 female ( MHBU), Jiegu Town, Yushu City, Yushu Prefecture , 3619m, 20.VII.2012 , Guo-Dong Ren et al. leg.; 1 nymph ( MHBU), Zhiduo County [治多县], Yushu Prefecture , 3.VII.2008, Guo-Dong Ren et al. leg . Jiangxi: 4 males ( NWAFU), Jiandaoxia [剪刀峡], Lushan Mountain [庐山], Jiujiang City [九江市], 450m, 30.VII.2004, Xiang-Qun Yuan & Cong Wei leg. Guangxi: 1 male ( IZCAS), Tongzhong Township [垌中乡], Fangchenggang City [防城港市], 550m, 5.VI.2000, Jian Yao leg. Guizhou: 1 male ( SWU), Pingtang County [平塘县], Qiangnan Prefecture [黔南州], VII.1980, no collector recorded .

Type material examined. Holotype of Polyphaga yunnanensis , male (MNHN, No. 742), CHINA: Yunnan: “MUSEUM PARIS/ YUN-NAN/ TSÉ-KOU/ (M gr SOULIÉ)/ R. OBERTHUR, 1897”, with a determined label: “ Polyphaga yunnanensis type Chop. (Handwritten)/ L. CHOPARD. det.”.

Diagnosis. This species superficially resembles E. thibetana , but can be distinguished from the latter by the following characteristics: 1) interocular space narrower than the distance between ocelli (Fig. 14 B–C), while interocular space as wide as the distance between ocelli in E. thibetana (Fig. 14 E–F); 2) lateral corners of subgenital plate round, similar ( Fig. 22 B ), while lateral corners of subgenital plate more irregular and dissimilar in E. thibetana ( Fig. 23 B ); 3) L2 thin ( Fig. 22 C ), while L2 thick in E. thibetana ( Fig. 23 C ); 4) R2 chunks round ( Fig. 22 D ), while R2 chunks quadrate in E. thibetana ( Fig. 23 D ).

Redescription. Male. General: measurements (mm): body length: 17.2–29.3, overall length: 26.2–36.4, pronotum length×width: 4.9–6.9×7.9–11.2, tegmen length: 22.5–31.4. Body small to large, pale yellow to light yellowish brown, with brown maculae on tegmina ( Fig. 6 J–M). Head: vertex dark brown. Interocular space moderate, narrower than the distance between ocelli; ocelli white, large, inter-ocelli ridge pubescent. Frons brown to dark brown, flat, posterior of frons pubescent. Antennae brown, next to the antennal sockets with two elongated grooves. Clypeus wide; ante-clypeus whitish yellow; post-clypeus brown. Labrum brown, apex white, bluntly rounded. Maxillary palpi and labial palpi brown, with joint parts white (Fig. 14 B–C). Pronotum: yellowish brown, anterior with whitish yellow margin, subtransparent. Surface generally with small yellowish pubescence, anterior and lateral margins with additional long brown setae. Apex of anterior margin slightly arched, lateral fore borders angled, and then slightly convex and oblique, becoming straight and oblique towards the hind middle, hind margin slightly convex (Fig. 14 A). Tegmina and wings: extended the end of abdomen about 8.7–14.1 mm. Tegmina hyaline, whitish yellow, with scattered brown speckles, the speckles irregular, usually consisted by many very tiny irregular spots and several large irregular speckles, venation light brown. Wings hyaline, venation light brown, apex and CuA areas usually with some pale brown maculae. Legs: light yellowish brown, covered with long yellow pubescence; tibial spines reddish brown. Abdomen: brown to dark brown, smooth, with a few short pubescence. Supra-anal plate pubescent, transverse apex protruded; cerci short; two median sclerites minute ( Fig. 22 A ). Subgenital plate with median concave; styli similar, the right one larger than the left ( Fig. 22 B ). Genitalia: well sclerited. Left phallomere: small. L1 with anterior part protruded, one of the hind lobes strong; L2 very thin, curved roundly, right end with two slender processes; L3 short, the hook curved roundly. Right phallomere: large. R1M robust, posterior part enlarged, transparent; R1L thin; R3 with hind median widely transparent; R2 small, with irregular round chunks ( Fig. 22 C–D).

Female. Measurements (mm): body length: 17.7–29.5, body width: 11.8–19.0, small to median. Generally, unicoloreduncolored, yellowish brown to dark brown depending on specimen, pubescent; two eyes connected by a row of pubescence, supra-anal plate protruded type, median with a longitudinal line ( Fig. 6 N–Q).

Nymphs. Similar to the female.

Ootheca. As Fig. 38 J and R , reddish brown, serration of keel very small, triangular. The longitudinal ridges shallow, not very distinct.

Natural history. This species lives around human dwellings in west China ( Fig. 42 E–F), it can also be found beneath the dry sand and rock under trees ( Fig. 42 A–C), or inside the humus under the roadside cliff ( Fig. 42 H ), or beneath the leaves in the forest ( Fig. 42 D ), males may rest on the bush branch at night ( Fig. 42 G ).

Distribution. China (Tibet, Sichuan, Yunnan, Gansu, Neimenggu, Qinghai, Guizhou, Jiangxi, Guangxi) ( Fig. 2 ).

Remarks. A species mainly occurs in the high lands of China (East Tibet, West Sichuan, South Qinghai and Gansu, and Northwest Yunnan). The highest altitude of their living environment is up to 4000 m. The adaption to the tough environment makes it widely distributed in west China. Besides, several specimens from the low altitude areas are also examined by us (viz. Jiangxi, Guangxi, and Guizhou), which indicates this species also rarely and scatteredly occurs in central and south China.

Figures

FIGURE 2. Distribution map of Eupolyphaga species in China (except the species only found in Yunnan. Larger circles indicate the type localities).

FIGURE 6. Habitus of Eupolyphaga species: A–I. Eupolyphaga thibetana (Chopard): A–B. Male, from Shigatse, Tibet; C–D. Female, from Shigatse, Tibet; E. Female, from Dinggyê, Tibet; F–G. Male, from Dinggyê, Tibet; H–I. Male, from Chanang, Tibet. J–Q. Eupolyphaga yunnanensis (Chopard): J–K. Male, from Pantiange, Weixi, Yunnan; L–M. Male, from Kangding, Sichuan; N. Female, from Bomê, Tibet; O. Female, from Chagyab, Tibet; P–Q. Female, from Danba, Sichuan. Scale bar 1 cm for all.

FIGURE 22. Eupolyphaga yunnanensis (Chopard), male: A. Supra-anal plate, ventral; B. Subgenital plate, ventral; C. Genitalia, dorsal; D. Right phallomere, right-ventral. Scale bar 1 mm.

FIGURE 23. Eupolyphaga thibetana (Chopard), male: A. Supra-anal plate, ventral; B. Subgenital plate, ventral; C. Genitalia, dorsal; D. Right phallomere, right-ventral. Scale bar 1 mm.

FIGURE 38. Oothecae of Eupolyphaga, lateral view (A–K) and close-up view (L–S): A–B, L. E. sinensis; C–D, M. E. hanae; E–F, N. E. daweishana; G, O. E. wooi; H, P. E. sp. 4 from Jizushan Town, Binchuan, Yunnan; I, Q. E. pilosa; J, R. E. yunnanensis; K, S. E. nigrinotum. Scale bars: A–K = 2 mm; L–S = 0.5 mm.

FIGURES 42. Habitats and individual photos of Eupolyphaga species: A–H. Habitats of E. yunnanensis: A–C. Individuals collected under a tree, from a forest in Zayü, Tibet; D. Individuals found beneath the dead leaves and humus in Bomê, Tibet; E. Male found on the roof in Weixi, Yunnan; F. Female crawling on the ground in Danba, Sichuan; G. Male lying on the bush in Tibet; H. Male found beside the road in Tongmai, Bomê, Tibet. I–J. E. sp. 3: I. Habitat on the roadside in Pianma, Yunnan; J. Male (left) and female (right) nymph under lab condition. K–L. Habitat of E. sp. 4, found around the trees in Jizushan Town, Binchuan, Yunnan. (A–B, E and J photographed by Lu Qiu; C by Ms. Dan Xu; F by Mr. Li He; G by Mr. Wei-Wei Zhang; D, H, I and K–L by Mr. Hao Xu and Ms. Jian-Yue Qiu)