Trissolcus colemani (Crawford), 1893

Tortorici, Francesco, Talamas, Elijah J., Moraglio, Silvia T., Pansa, Marco G., Asadi-Farfar, Maryam, Tavella, Luciana & Caleca, Virgilio, 2019, A morphological, biological and molecular approach reveals four cryptic species of Trissolcus Ashmead (Hymenoptera, Scelionidae), egg parasitoids of Pentatomidae (Hemiptera), Journal of Hymenoptera Research 73, pp. 153-200 : 153

Trissolcus colemani (Crawford)

Figures 5 , 9 , 17 , 22 , 23 , 27 , 31 , 34 , 38 , 42 , 52-55

Telenomus colemani Crawford, 1912: 2 (original description).

Microphanurus djadetshko Ryakhovskii, 1959: 84, 87 (original description, keyed).

Microphanurus pseudoturesis Ryakhovskii, 1959: 83, 85 (original description, keyed).

Microphanurus rossicus Ryakhovskii, 1959: 83, 86 (original description, keyed, synonymized by Viktorov (1964)); Viktorov 1964: 1021 (junior synonym of Trissolcus pseudoturesis (Ryakhovskii)); Johnson 1992: 635 (type information).

Asolcus nigribasalis Voegelé, 1962: 155 (original description); Voegelé 1964: 28 (keyed); Voegelé 1965: 96, 108 (variation, diagnosis, keyed); Voegelé 1969: 151 (junior synonym of Asolcus djadetshko (Ryakhovskii)).

Asolcus djadetshko (Ryakhovskii): Viktorov 1964: 1015, 1021 (description, generic transfer, removed from synonymy with Telenomus scutellaris Thomson, keyed); Voegelé 1969: 151 (synonymy, keyed, spelling error).

Asolcus pseudoturesis (Ryakhovskii): Viktorov 1964: 1013, 1021 (description, generic transfer, synonymy, keyed); Voegelé 1969: 151 (synonymy, keyed).

Asolcus bennisi Voegelé, 1964: 119 (original description); Voegelé 1965: 96, 108 (variation, diagnosis, keyed); Voegelé 1969: 151 (junior synonym of Asolcus pseudoturesis (Ryakhovskii)).

Trissolcus djadetshko (Ryakhovskii) syn. nov.: Viktorov 1967: 91 (generic transfer, keyed); Safavi 1968: 415 (keyed); Kozlov 1968: 200 (keyed); Fabritius 1972: 31 (keyed); Kozlov and Lê 1977: 512 (keyed); Kozlov 1978: 636 (description); Kozlov 1981: 187 (keyed); Kozlov and Kononova 1983: 115 (description); Johnson 1992: 626 (cataloged, type information); Kononova 1995: 96 (keyed); Koçak and Kilinçer 2000: 171 (description, diagnosis, new distribution record for Turkey); Koçak and Kilinçer 2003: 303, 313 (keyed, description); Fabritius and Popovici 2007: 159 (checklist, host information, distribution); Ghahari et al. 2011: 595 (listed); Petrov 2013: 326 (keyed); Kononova 2014: 1425 (keyed); Kononova 2015: 263 (keyed); Talamas et al. 2017: 129 (junior synonym of Trissolcus semistriatus (Nees von Esenbeck)).

Trissolcus pseudoturesis (Ryakhovskii) syn. nov.: Viktorov 1967: 91 (generic transfer, keyed); Safavi 1968: 415 (keyed); Kozlov 1968: 200 (keyed); Fabritius 1972: 31 (keyed); Kozlov and Lê 1977: 512 (keyed); Kozlov 1978: 636 (description); Kozlov and Kononova 1983: 114 (description); Johnson 1992: 635 (cataloged, type information); Kononova 1995: 96 (keyed); Koçak and Kilinçer 2003: 302, 310 (keyed, description); Ghahari et al. 2011: 596 (listed); Petrov 2013: 326 (keyed); Kononova 2014: 1425 (keyed); Kononova 2015: 263 (keyed).

Trissolcus colemani (Crawford): Masner & Muesebeck 1968: 72 (type information, generic transfer); Johnson 1992: 625 (cataloged, type information).

Asolcus waloffae Javahery, 1968: 419 (original description, keyed).

Asolcus djadestshko (Ryakhovskii): Voegelé 1969: 151 (synonymy, keyed, spelling error).

Trissolcus bennisi ( Voegelé): Kozlov & Lê 1977: 516 (generic transfer, keyed); Kozlov 1978: 637 (description); Kozlov and Kononova 1983: 122 (description); Johnson 1992: 623 (cataloged, type information); Kononova 2014: 1425 (keyed); Kononova 2015: 263 (keyed).

Trissolcus nigribasalis ( Voegelé): Kozlov & Lê 1977: 518 (keyed); Kozlov 1978: 637 (description); Kozlov and Kononova 1983: 124 (description); Johnson 1992: 633 (cataloged, type information); Kononova 2014: 1425 (keyed); Kononova 2015: 263 (keyed).

Trissolcus waloffae (Javahery) syn. nov.: Kozlov & Lê 1977: 516 (keyed, generic transfer); Kozlov 1978: 637 (description); Kozlov and Kononova 1983: 123 (description); Fergusson 1984: 231 (type information); Johnson 1992: 640 (cataloged, type information); Kononova 2014: 1425 (keyed); Kononova 2015: 263 (keyed).

Trissolcus crypticus Clarke syn. nov., 1993: 524 (original description); Ghahari et al. 2011: 595 (new distribution record for Iran, host association, listed); Kononova 2014: 1426 (status unknown (not examined)); Kononova 2015: 264 (status unknown (not examined)).

Diagnosis.

Trissolcus colemani is identified by a combination of characters more than by the presence of a distinct feature. The foveate mesoscutal humeral sulcus ( Figures 21 , 23 ) separates it from all the species treated here with the exception of T. belenus ( Figures 20 , 22 ). Trissolcus colemani and T. belenus are very similar in general appearance and these two species can be separated most reliably by setation of laterotergite 1: present in T. belenus ( Figures 30 , 45 ) and absent in T. colemani ( Figure 31 , 53 ). The anteroventral extension of the metapleuron reaches the mesocoxa in lateral view in both T. belenus and T. colemani and exhibits difference in the shape of its apex between these species. In T. colemani , the anteroventral extension of the metapleuron is very slender ( Figure 5 ) compared to T. belenus , in which it is thicker, and the apex is rounded ( Figure 4 ).

Description.

Body length: 0.96-1.10 mm, m = 1.01 mm, SD = 0.03, n = 22. Body color: head, mesosoma, and metasoma black.

Head. FCI = 1.5; LCI = 1.7; IOS = 0.31 mm; OOL:POL:LOL = 1:13:5.9. Color of radicle: brown. Length of radicle: about equal to width of clypeus. Color of A1-A6 in female: variably yellow to brown. Color of A7-A11 in female: brown to black. Number of papillary sensilla on A6: 0. Number of papillary sensilla on A7: 2. Facial striae: absent. Number of clypeal setae: 6. Shape of gena in lateral view: narrow. Genal carina: present only at base of mandible. Malar striae: absent. Sculpture of malar sulcus: distinctly and sparsely striate. Orbital furrow: uniform in width between midpoint of eye and malar sulcus. Macrosculpture of frons directly dorsal to the antennal scrobe: weakly rugose. Preocellar pit: present. Setation of lateral frons: sparse; moderately dense. Punctation of lateral frons: sparse. Sculpture directly ventral to preocellar pit: dorsoventrally fluted. Rugae on lateral frons: coarse. OOL: less than one ocellar diameter. Hyperoccipital carina: absent. Macrosculpture of posterior vertex: absent. Microsculpture on posterior vertex along occipital carina: granulate. Anterior margin of occipital carina: crenulate. Medial part of occipital carina in dorsal view: rounded.

Mesosoma. Epomial carina: present. Macrosculpture of lateral pronotum directly anterior to netrion: finely rugulose. Netrion sulcus: complete. Pronotal suprahumeral sulcus in posterior half of pronotum: undifferentiated from sculpture of dorsal pronotum. Number of episternal foveae: 2; 3. Course of episternal foveae ventrally: distinctly separate from postacetabular sulcus. Course of episternal foveae dorsally: distinctly separate from mesopleural pit. Subacropleural sulcus: present. Speculum: transversely strigose. Mesopleural pit: extending ventrally into dorsoventral furrow parallel to mesopleural carina. Mesopleural carina: well defined anteriorly, poorly defined to absent posteriorly. Sculpture of femoral depression: smooth. Patch of striae at posteroventral end of femoral depression: present, striae oblique to long axis of femoral depression. Setal patch at posteroventral end of femoral depression: present. Microsculpture of anteroventral mesopleuron: present throughout. Macrosculpture of anteroventral mesopleuron: absent. Postacetabular sulcus: comprised of large cells. Mesopleural epicoxal sulcus: comprised of cells. Setation of posteroventral metapleuron: absent. Sculpture of dorsal metapleural area: absent. Posterodorsal metapleural sulcus: present as a line of foveae. Paracoxal sulcus in ventral half of metapleuron: indistinguishable from sculpture. Length of anteroventral extension of metapleuron: elongate, extending to base of mesocoxa. Apex of anteroventral extension of metapleuron: acute. Metapleural epicoxal sulcus: present as coarse rugae. Mesoscutal humeral sulcus: comprised of cells. Median mesoscutal carina: absent. Microsculpture of mesoscutum: imbricate-punctate anteriorly, becoming longitudinally imbricate-strigate posteriorly. Mesoscutal suprahumeral sulcus: comprised of cells. Length of mesoscutal suprahumeral sulcus: two-thirds the length of anterolateral edge of mesoscutum. Parapsidal line: absent. Notaulus: presence of short traces. Median protuberance on anterior margin of mesoscutellum: absent. Shape of dorsal margin of anterior lobe of axillar crescent: acute. Sculpture of anterior lobe of axillar crescent: dorsoventrally strigose. Area bound by axillar crescent: smooth. Macrosculpture of mesoscutellum: absent. Microsculpture on mesoscutellum: imbricate-punctate. Median mesoscutellar carina: absent. Setation of posterior scutellar sulcus: present. Form of metascutellum: single row of cells. Metanotal trough: foveate, foveae occupying more than half of metanotal height. Metapostnotum: invaginated near lateral edge of metascutellum. Length of postmarginal vein: about twice as long as stigmal vein. Color of legs: coxae dark brown to black, femora yellow to light brown with yellowish tips, tibia trochanters and tarsi yellow to pale brown. Anteroventral area of hind femora: not covered by setae. Anteromedial portion of metasomal depression: smooth.

Metasoma. Width of metasoma: about equal to width of mesosoma. Longitudinal striae on T1 posterior to basal costae: pair of longitudinal submedial carinae separate a lateral smooth area from an internal area where striate sculpture starts with basal grooves. Number of sublateral setae (on one side): 1. Setation of laterotergite 1: absent. Length of striation on T2: extending two-thirds the length of the tergite. Setation of T2: present in a transverse line and along lateral margin. Setation of laterotergite 2: present.

Host associations.

Pentatomidae : Dolycoris indicus (Type host); Aelia acuminata L.; Aelia sp.; Brachynema germarii (Kolenati); Dolycoris sp.; Graphosoma semipunctatum (F.); Graphosoma sp. Scutelleridae : Eurygaster integriceps ; Eurygaster maura .

Link to distribution map.

[https://hol.osu.edu/map-large.html?id=3203]

Material examined.

Holotype, female, Telenomus colemani : India: Karnataka St., Hongashenhalli (Hunsmanalli), 6.II.1909, L. C. Coleman, USNMENT00989063 (deposited in USNM) . Syntype, female, Microphanurus pseudoturesis : Ukraine: Donets’k (Stalinskaya) Reg., V-1952 /1953- VII-1952 /1953, V. Rjachovsky, USNMENT00954008 (deposited in ZIN) . Syntype, female, Microphanurus pseudoturesis : Ukraine: Donets’k (Stalinskaya) Reg., V-1952 /1953- VII-1952 /1953, V. Rjachovsky, USNMENT00954010 . Holotype, female, A. waloffae : United kingdom: England, Windsor and Maidenhead Unit. Auth., Silwood Park , VI-1965, reared, B.M. TYPE HYM. 9.795 (deposited in BMNH) . Paratypes of Trissolcus crypticus : Pakistan: 3 females, 3 males, OSUC 17744, UNIPA-HYM-S01319- S01323 (BMNH) . Paratype of Microphanurus djadetshko : Ukraine: 1 female, USNMENT00954012 (ZIN) . Paratypes of Asolcus waloffae : United kingdom: 11 females, 11 males, 1 pin with multiple specimens, OSUC 17731, UNIPA-HYM-S01324, USNMENT0119671-0119674 (BMNH) .

Other material: (144 females, 52 males, 6 pins with multiple specimens) China: 1 female, UCRC ENT 142649 (UCRC) . France: 1 female, USNMENT00896254 (CNCI) . Greece: 1 female, USNMENT00896062 (CNCI) . Iran: 17 females, HMIM-HYM-015, 017-018, 020-021, 025, 028, 031, 036, 042 (HMIM); USNMENT01223445, 01223450, 01223455, 01223460, 01223465, 01223470, 01223475 (UNIPA) . Italy: 82 females, 19 males, 2 pins with multiple specimens, DISAFA-draw1466-HYM-0483-0488 (DISAFA); USNMENT01223144, 01223146-01223221, 01223481 (UNIPA) . Morocco: 39 females, 31 males, 3 pins with multiple specimens, OSUC 17728, 17743 (BMNH); UNIPA-HYM-S01325 (BMNH) . Russia: 3 females, 1 pin with multiple specimens, USNMENT01223222-01223223 (MCSN) . Sweden: 2 males, USNMENT00916067-00916068 (BMNH) .

Figures

Figures 4 - 7. EPS, metapleural epicoxal sulcus, anterolateral extension of metapleuron: 4 Trissolcus belenus [DISAFA-draw 1465 - HYM- 0009] 5 T. colemani [DISAFA-draw 1466 - HYM- 0484] 6 T. manteroi [DISAFA-draw 1465 - HYM- 0430] 7 T. semistriatus [DISAFA-draw 1465 - HYM- 0227].

Figures 8 - 11. Basiconic sensilla, indicated by arrows, in the ventral surface of female antennal clava: 8 Trissolcus belenus [DISAFA-draw 1465 - HYM- 0009] 9 T. colemani [DISAFA-draw 1466 - HYM- 0484] 10 T. manteroi [DISAFA-draw 1465 - HYM- 0430] 11 T. semistriatus [DISAFA-draw 1465 - HYM- 0227].

Figures 16 - 19. Metasomal tergites: 16 Trissolcus belenus [DISAFA-draw 1465 - HYM- 0009] 17 T. colemani [DISAFA-draw 1466 - HYM- 0484] 18 T. manteroi [DISAFA-draw 1465 - HYM- 0430] 19 T. semistriatus [DISAFA-draw 1465 - HYM- 0227].

Figures 20 - 25. Mesonotum; mshs and traces of notauli: 20 Trissolcus belenus [DISAFA-draw 1465 - HYM- 0009] 21 T. belenus [DISAFA ...] after treatment in potassa solution to remove setae 22 T. colemani [DISAFA-draw 1466 - HYM- 0484] 23 T. colemani [DISAFA-draw 1466 - HYM- 0483] after treatment in potassa solution to remove setae 24 T. manteroi [DISAFA-draw 1465 - HYM- 0430] 25 T. semistriatus [DISAFA-draw 1465 - HYM- 0227].

Figures 26 - 29. Hind femur: 26 Trissolcus belenus [DISAFA-draw 1465 - HYM- 0009] 27 T. colemani [DISAFA-draw 1466 - HYM- 0484] 28 T. manteroi [DISAFA-draw 1465 - HYM- 0430] 29 T. semistriatus [DISAFA-draw 1465 - HYM- 0227].

Figures 30 - 36. 30 - 32 Laterotergite 1 30 Trissolcus belenus [DISAFA-draw 1465 - HYM- 0009] 31 T. colemani [DISAFA-draw 1466 - HYM- 0484] 32 T. semistriatus [DISAFA-draw 1465 - HYM- 0227] 33 - 36 Occipital carina 33 Trissolcus belenus [DISAFA-draw 1465 - HYM- 0009] 34 T. colemani [DISAFA-draw 1466 - HYM- 0484] 35 T. manteroi [DISAFA-draw 1465 - HYM- 0430] 36 T. semistriatus [DISAFA-draw 1465 - HYM- 0227].

Figures 37 - 44. 37 - 40 Head; malar area and gena 37 Trissolcus belenus [DISAFA-draw 1465 - HYM- 0009] 38 T. colemani [DISAFA-draw 1466 - HYM- 0484] 39 T. manteroi [DISAFA-draw 1465 - HYM- 0430] 40 T. semistriatus [DISAFA-draw 1465 - HYM- 0227] 41 - 44 Head in frontal view 41 Trissolcus belenus [DISAFA-draw 1465 - HYM- 0009] 42 T. colemani [DISAFA-draw 1466 - HYM- 0484] 43 T. manteroi [DISAFA-draw 1465 - HYM- 0430] 44 T. semistriatus [DISAFA-draw 1465 - HYM- 0227].

Figures 52 - 55. Holotype of Trissolcus colemani [USNMENT 00989063]: 52 body in dorsal view 53 body in lateral view 54 head in frontal view 55 head in ventral view and mesosoma in lateral view.

Figures 45 - 48. Holotype of Trissolcus belenus [NMINH _ 2018 _ 11 _ 49]: 45 mesoscutal humeral sulcus and laterotergite 1 in lateral view 46 body in lateral view 47 body in antero-lateral view 48 body in dorsal view.