Opsiphanes bogotanus Distant, 1875

Piovesan, Mônica, Casagrande, Mirna Martins & Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik, 2022, Systematics of Opsiphanes Doubleday, [1849] (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae, Satyrinae, Brassolini): an integrative approach, Zootaxa 5216 (1), pp. 1-278 : 18-19

Opsiphanes bogotanus Distant, 1875

( Figs 4–19 )

Diagnosis. Opsiphanes bogotanus differs from Opsiphanes cassiae , a closely related species, in having the VHW with a rounded eyespot between Sc+R 1 and M 1 that usually reaches or exceeds M 1, and a dark-brown band extends from the base of the wing to this eyespot. It differs from Opsiphanes mexicana stat. nov., another closely related species, in having the DFW oblique band with an uneven distal margin, and the portion of this band on CuA 2 -2A is generally narrower ( Fig. 4a ). Molecular analyses recovered Opsiphanes bogotanus as closely related to Opsiphanes cassiae and Opsiphanes mexicana stat. nov. ( Fig. 2 ) (genetic distance 1.6–2.7% and 1.5–1.7%, respectively).

Male genitalia. Tegumen in dorsal view with the anterior margin wider than the posterior; anterior projection of saccus in lateral view twice as long as dorsal arms of saccus, in ventral view with a dilated anterior region; valva in dorsal view with convergingly curved posterior portions ( Fig. 11 ).

Female genitalia. Lamella antevaginalis membranous medially and sclerotized laterally; lamella postvaginalis rounded medially, with this portion the same size as the ostium; ostium with weaker sclerotization than lamella ante and postvaginalis ( Fig. 12 ).

Variation. Subspecies vary in the following characters: DFW, the length, width and color of the oblique band. DHW, the marginal band faint to absent in males, and well marked in females. HW, the crenulation of the outer margin. VFW, the width and color of the oblique band, in females, the portion of this band on CuA 2 -2A tends to be more yellowish; and the EIII submarginal line may or may not reach CuA 2. VHW, the size of the eyespot between Sc+R 1 and M 1, and the width of its dark-brown ring; and the shape of the eyespot between M 3 and CuA 2 ( Figs 4–10 ).

Figures

FIGURE 2. Phylogenetic tree (Maximum Likelihood) inferred with IQ-TREE based on six molecular markers: cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) (mitochondrial), elongation factor 1-alpha (EF-1α), ribosomal protein S5 (RpS5), wingless (wg), Car- bamoylphosphate synthase domain protein (CAD), Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) (nuclear), rooted in Catoblepia amphirhoe (Hübner, [1825]). Asterisk (*) indicates SH-aLRT> = 80% and UFboot> = 95%. The scale bar represents the expected number of nucleotide substitutions per site. Data of the specimens used are described in table 2.

FIGURE 4. Opsiphanes bogotanus bogotanus Distant, 1875: Male, dorsal and ventral views: a. Panama: (FLMNH MGCL 1092359-MGCL) Colón; b. Ecuador: (FLMNH MGCL 1092376-MGCL) Santo Domingo de Los Colorados. White arrows indicate diagnostic characters of the species.

FIGURE5.OpsiphanesbogotanusbogotanusDistant,1875:Male,dorsalandventralviews:Colombia:a.(USNMENT01590844- USNM) Rio Negro superior, Coll. Fassl, b. (OM 12.484-DZUP—OM) Muzo.

FIGURE 6. Opsiphanes bogotanus bogotanus Distant, 1875: Male, dorsal and ventral views: Colombia: a. (AMNH_IZC 00115478-AMNH), b. (AMNH_IZC 00115479-AMNH) Muzo.

FIGURE 7. Opsiphanes bogotanus bogotanus Distant, 1875: Female, dorsal and ventral views: a. Panama: (USN- MENT01590843-USNM) El Llano; b. Ecuador: (USNMENT01590852-USNM) Tinalândia. The gray arrow indicates one of the diagnostic characters of the “cassiae group”.

FIGURE 8. Opsiphanes bogotanus bogotanus Distant, 1875: Female, dorsal and ventral views: Colombia: a. (AMNH_IZC 00197471-AMNH) Muzo, b. (USNMENT01590851-USNM) Rio Negro superior, Coll. Fassl.

FIGURE 9. Opsiphanes bogotanus castaneus Stichel, 1904 stat. rest.: Male, dorsal and ventral views: Costa Rica a. (FLMNH MGCL 1092341-MGCL), b. (FLMNH MGCL 1092343-MGCL) Cartago; dorsal view: c. (USNMENT01590276-USNM), e. (USNMENT01590824-USNM) Alajuela, d. (FLMNH MGCL 1092345-MGCL) Heredia.

FIGURE 10. Opsiphanes bogotanus castaneus Stichel, 1904 stat. rest.: Female, dorsal and ventral views: Costa Rica: a. (USN- MENT01590264-USNM) Guanacaste, b. (USNMENT01590268-USNM) Alajuela.

FIGURE 11. Opsiphanes bogotanus bogotanus Distant, 1875: Male: a. abdomen, lateral view, b. detail of the scent organ, lateral view; genitalia: c. dorsal view, d. ventral view, e. lateral view; aedeagus: f. dorsal view, g. ventral view, h. lateral view (DZ 42.919-DZUP; CMBUT1221-19). The gray arrow indicates one of the diagnostic characters of the “cassiae group”.

FIGURE 12. Opsiphanes bogotanus bogotanus Distant, 1875: Female genitalia: a. lateral view; b. detail of the signa; c. ventral view (DZ 2521-DZUP).

FIGURE 13. Geographical distribution of Opsiphanes bogotanus bogotanus Distant, 1875 and Opsiphanes bogotanus castaneus Stichel, 1904 stat. rest.

FIGURE 14. Opsiphanes bogotanus bogotanus Distant, 1875. Neotype of Opsiphanes bogotanus bogotanus Distant, 1875 and Opsiphanes aurivillii Röber, 1906; a. dorsal view, b. ventral view.

FIGURE 15. Opsiphanes bogotanus bogotanus Distant, 1875. “Type” of Opsiphanes tamarindi tamarindi ab. spadix Stichel, 1902 nom. nud.; a. dorsal view, b. ventral view.

FIGURE 16. Opsiphanes bogotanus bogotanus Distant, 1875. Lectotype of Opsiphanes bogotanus phrataphernes Fruhstorfer, 1912 syn. nov.; a. dorsal view, b. ventral view.

FIGURE 17. Opsiphanes bogotanus bogotanus Distant, 1875. Holotype of Opsiphanes bogotanus blandini Bristow, 1991 syn. nov.; a. dorsal view, b. ventral view.

FIGURE 18. Opsiphanes bogotanus castaneus Stichel, 1904 stat. rest. [Holo]type of Opsiphanes bogotanus castaneus Stichel, 1904 stat. rest.; a. dorsal view, b. ventral view.

FIGURE 19. Opsiphanes bogotanus castaneus Stichel, 1904 stat. rest. Holotype of Opsiphanes cassiae alajuela Bristow, 1991 syn. nov.; a. dorsal view, b. ventral view.