Opsiphanes zelus Stichel, 1908

Piovesan, Mônica, Casagrande, Mirna Martins & Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik, 2022, Systematics of Opsiphanes Doubleday, [1849] (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae, Satyrinae, Brassolini): an integrative approach, Zootaxa 5216 (1), pp. 1-278 : 101-105

Opsiphanes zelus Stichel, 1908 stat. nov.

( Figs 80–83 )

Opsiphanes zelotes zelus Stichel, 1908 . Berl. ent. Ztschr. 52 (3): 174, [holo] type male, Chiriquí, Panama; collection Staudinger, Mus[eum] Berolin. [MfN].— Stichel, 1909. Das Tierreich 25: 67.— Fruhstorfer, 1912, in Seitz. Gross-Schmett. Erde 5, p. 297.— Stichel, 1932. Lep. Cat. 51, p. 36.— D’Abrera, 1987. Butt. Neotrop. Reg. 3, p. 412, 413 (fig. male d).— Bristow, 1991. Zool. Jour. Linn. Soc. 101 (3): 283, fig. 32a (male d, v).— Casagrande, 2004. Brassolini , in Lamas (ed.) Checklist: Part 4A, Hesperioidea-Papilionoidea, in Heppner (ed.). Atlas Neotrop. Lep. 5A, p. 204.

Opsiphanes zelotes zelys [sic]; Fassl, 1918. Ent. Rdsch. 35 (8): 31.

Taxonomic history. Opsiphanes zelus stat. nov. has always been regarded at the subspecific level in catalogs and reviews. D’Abrera (1987) and Bristow (1991) illustrated the same male specimen from Bugaba, Panama.

Type material. Opsiphanes zelotes zelus Stichel, 1908 was described based on a male [holo]type from Chiriquí, Panama and deposited in the Staudinger collection, Museum of Berlin [ MfN]. The MfN curator informed the authors that the [holo]type was not found in the institution and M. M. Casagrande, O. H. H. Mielke, and G. Lamas did not find it either. Therefore, a male neotype of Opsiphanes zelotes zelus Stichel, 1908 is hereby designated in order to stabilize the nomenclature of this taxon. The specimen selected as a neotype was illustrated by D’Abrera (1987) and Bristow (1991) and is deposited at the NHMUK, with the following labels: / = specimen in Coll. Staud. fr Chiriqui 22.6.94./ Bugaba, Panama. Champion/ ♂ / B.C.A Lep. Rhop. Opsiphanes crameri Feld. Godman-Salvin Coll. 1919 .-6./ zelus Stichel /; the following labels will also be attached: / NEOTYPUS / Neotypus Opsiphanes zelotes zelus Stichel, 1908 , Piovesan, Casagrande & O. Mielke det. 2022/ ( Fig. 83 ).

Diagnosis. Male: DFW with a wide oblique yellow band, compared to Opsiphanes zelotes , exceeding CuA 2 ( Fig. 80a ). Female: Unknown.

Male genitalia. Tegumen in dorsal view longer than the uncus, anterior margin with a slight concavity in the median region and wider than the posterior margin; anterior projection of saccus in lateral view less than twice as long as dorsal arms of saccus, in ventral view with tapered anterior region; aedeagus with antero-dorsal opening to the ejaculatory bulb; valva in lateral view with median portion narrower than anterior and posterior portions ( Fig. 81 ).

Female genitalia. Not examined.

Variation. FW, length: male: 41–45 mm (n=2).

Comments. The male of Opsiphanes zelus stat. nov. is similar to that of Opsiphanes zelotes , differing in having the DFW with a wider yellow oblique band, exceeding CuA 2; the anterior projection of the saccus in lateral view less than twice as long as the dorsal arm of the saccus; and the valva without a dilation from the anterior to the median portions.

Natural history. Unknown.

Geographic distribution. Costa Rica (San José); Panama (Chiriquí) ( Fig. 82 ).

Temporal distribution. Unknown.

Etymology. Unknown.

Specimens examined. Photos of the neotypus of Opsiphanes zelus Stichel, 1908 stat. nov., and the following specimens: COSTA RICA: San José —Puriscal , 1 male, USNMENT01590764 ( USNM). PANAMA: Chiriquí — no locality, 1 male, DZ 48.790 ( DZUP) .

4. “ sallei subgroup”

Species included:

9. Opsiphanes farrago Stichel, 1904 stat. nov.

Opsiphanes mutatus parodizi Bristow, 1991 syn. nov.

10. Opsiphanes mutatus Stichel, 1902

11. Opsiphanes sallei Doubleday, [1849]

a) Opsiphanes sallei sallei Doubleday, [1849]

b) Opsiphanes sallei colombiana Bristow, 1991

Opsiphanes sallei kennerleyi Bristow, 1991 syn. nov.

c) Opsiphanes sallei nicandrus Fruhstorfer, 1912

12. Opsiphanes tiberius Attal & Blandin, 2020

Diagnosis. The molecular analyses, without data for Opsiphanes mutatus Stichel, 1902 and Opsiphanes tiberius Attal & Blandin, 2020 , recovered the “ sallei subgroup” as closely related to the “ quiteria subgroup” (SH-aLRT 99.3 / UFBoot 100) ( Fig. 2 ). The species of these subgroups share the following characters: dark-brown ground color. HW with crenulated outer margin. DHW with submarginal band. VHW with a marbled color pattern; and eyespot between Sc+R 1 and M 1 with a dark-brown outline, usually more marked inferiorly and distally. However, with the exception of Opsiphanes tiberius , all species of the “ sallei subgroup” have the VFW, on CuA 1 -CuA 2 near the discal cell, with a generally rounded yellow spot that occupies almost the entire space, a character absent from the “ quiteria subgroup” ( Fig. 84b ).

Figures

FIGURE 2. Phylogenetic tree (Maximum Likelihood) inferred with IQ-TREE based on six molecular markers: cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) (mitochondrial), elongation factor 1-alpha (EF-1α), ribosomal protein S5 (RpS5), wingless (wg), Car- bamoylphosphate synthase domain protein (CAD), Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) (nuclear), rooted in Catoblepia amphirhoe (Hübner, [1825]). Asterisk (*) indicates SH-aLRT> = 80% and UFboot> = 95%. The scale bar represents the expected number of nucleotide substitutions per site. Data of the specimens used are described in table 2.

FIGURE 80. Opsiphanes zelus Stichel, 1908 stat. nov.: Male, dorsal and ventral views: a. Panama: (DZ 48.790-DZUP) Chiriqui; b. Costa Rica: (USNMENT01590764-USNM) Puriscal. White arrows indicate diagnostic characters of the species.

FIGURE 81. Opsiphanes zelus Stichel, 1908 stat. nov.: Male: a. abdomen, lateral view, b. detail of the scent organ, lateral view; genitalia: c. dorsal view, d. ventral view, e. lateral view; aedeagus: f. dorsal view, g. ventral view, h. lateral view (DZ 48.790-DZUP).

FIGURE 82. Geographical distribution of Opsiphanes zelus Stichel, 1908 stat. nov.

FIGURE 83. Opsiphanes zelus Stichel, 1908 stat. nov. Neotype of Opsiphanes zelus Stichel, 1908 stat. nov.; a. dorsal view, b. ventral view.

FIGURE 84. Opsiphanes farrago Stichel, 1904 stat. nov.: Male, dorsal and ventral views: a. Colombia: (USNMENT01590309- USNM) Rio Negro superior; b. Peru: (OM 34.923-DZUP—OM; CMBUT1227-19) Tingo Maria. White arrows indicate diagnostic characters of the species. Gray arrows indicate some diagnostic characters of the “sallei subgroup”.