Opsiphanes badius angostura Bristow, 1979

Piovesan, Mônica, Casagrande, Mirna Martins & Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik, 2022, Systematics of Opsiphanes Doubleday, [1849] (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae, Satyrinae, Brassolini): an integrative approach, Zootaxa 5216 (1), pp. 1-278 : 128-129

Opsiphanes badius angostura Bristow, 1979 stat. nov.

( Figs 109–111 , 117 , 120 )

Opsiphanes quiteria angostura Bristow, 1979 . Jour. Nat. Hist. 13 (3): 377, figs 1c–d (male, female d), 2c–d (male, female v), 3 (geogr. distr.); male holotype, Lita, [Imbabura] Ecuador, 900 m, Flemmimg [leg.]; NHMUK.— D’Abrera, 1987. Butt. Neotrop. Reg. 3, p. 410.— Bristow, 1991. Zool. Jour. Linn. Soc. 101 (3): 241, 285, figs 16e (male d, v), 17a (female d, v).— Raguso & Gloster, 1996. Jour. Res. Lep. 32: 157.—Maes, 1999. Cat. Ins. Art. Terr. Nicaragua 3, p. 1387.— Casagrande, 2004. Brassolini , in Lamas (ed.) Checklist: Part 4A, Hesperioidea-Papilionoidea, in Heppner (ed.). Atlas Neotrop. Lep. 5A, p. 204.

Taxonomic history. Opsiphanes badius angostura stat. nov. is cited in reviews, catalogs, and checklists, with no taxonomic changes since its description until this study.

Type material. Opsiphanes quiteria angostura Bristow, 1979 was described based on the holotype male from Ecuador ([Imbabura], Lita), deposited at the NHMUK, with the following labels: / Holotype / Lita , Ecuador, 3000 ft. (Fleming)./ ANGOSTURA Bristow Jnl Nat. Hist., 1979/ Rothschild Bequest B.M. 1939-1./ ( Fig. 120 ).

Diagnosis. Opsiphanes badius angostura stat. nov. differs from Opsiphanes badius badius stat. rest. and Opsiphanes badius cauca stat. rest. in the following characters: Male and female: DHW with a submarginal band sometimes not very marked. Male: DFW with an orange oblique band. Females of Opsiphanes badius angostura stat. nov. and Opsiphanes badius cauca stat. rest. are indistinguishable ( Figs 109–111 ).

Variation. FW, length: male: 43–48 mm (n=5), female: 54–56 mm (n=4).

Comments. In the description of Opsiphanes badius angostura stat. nov., Bristow (1979) inferred, from precise location data, that this subspecies might be restricted to the Western slope of the Andes. At AMNH there is a specimen with the information: “Oriente Ecuador ” with a label by R. Bristow questioning whether this record might be a mistake. However, one male specimen, whose phenotype coincides with that of specimens collected on the Western slope of the Andes, was collected in the state of Amazonas, Brazil ( Fig. 110b ). According to a molecular analysis, this specimen was recovered as grouped with other Opsiphanes badius stat. rest. ( Fig. 2 ) and is the first accurate record of the species for the cis-Andean region.

Natural history. Flies in forest openings ( Raguso & Gloster 1996).

Geographic distribution. Ecuador (Guayas, Pichincha, Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas; Ecuador Oriental); Brazil (Amazonas) ( Fig. 117 ). It occurs at altitudes between 50 and 1,450 m ( Raguso & Gloster 1996) .

Temporal distribution. June, August (Raguso & Gloster, 1993).

Etymology. Presumably meaning narrow, in reference to the forewing band.

Specimens examined. Photos of the holotypus of Opsiphanes badius angostura Bristow, 1979 stat. nov., and the following specimens: ECUADOR: Ecuador Occidental —no locality, 1 female, ex-coll. E. T. Owen, USN- MENT01590466 (USNM). Guayas —Guayaquil (Tenguel), 1 male, ex-coll. E. W. Rorer, USNMENT01590467 (USNM). Pichincha — Río Toachi , 900 m, 9-VI-1976, 1 male, Vénédictoff leg., UFFLMNH MGCL 1103466 (MGCL). Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas —Santo Domingo de los Colorados, 1 male, D. B. Laddey leg., ex-coll. F. Johnson, AMNH_IZC 00197518 (AMNH). Ecuador Oriental —no locality, 1 male, 2 females, ex-coll. F. Johnson, AMNH_IZC 00197517, 00197519, 00197520 (AMNH). BRAZIL: Amazonas —Barcelos ( Rio Aracá —Foz do Rio Curudurí ), 15–19-VI-2010, 1 male, Mielke & Casagrande leg., DZ 32.588 (DZUP).

Figures

FIGURE 2. Phylogenetic tree (Maximum Likelihood) inferred with IQ-TREE based on six molecular markers: cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) (mitochondrial), elongation factor 1-alpha (EF-1α), ribosomal protein S5 (RpS5), wingless (wg), Car- bamoylphosphate synthase domain protein (CAD), Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) (nuclear), rooted in Catoblepia amphirhoe (Hübner, [1825]). Asterisk (*) indicates SH-aLRT> = 80% and UFboot> = 95%. The scale bar represents the expected number of nucleotide substitutions per site. Data of the specimens used are described in table 2.

FIGURE 109. Opsiphanes badius angostura Bristow, 1979 stat. nov.: Male, dorsal and ventral views: Ecuador: a. (AMNH_ IZC 00197518-AMNH) Santo Domingo de Los Colorados, b. (FLMNH MGCL 1103466-MGCL) Río Pichincha, Toachi. Gray arrows indicate some diagnostic characters of the “quiteria subgroup”.

FIGURE 110. Opsiphanes badius angostura Bristow, 1979 stat. nov.: Male, dorsal and ventral views: a. Ecuador: (AMNH_ IZC 00197517-AMNH) “Oriente”; b. Brazil: (DZ 32.588-DZUP; CMBUT1376-19) Amazonas, Barcelos.

FIGURE 111. Opsiphanes badius angostura Bristow, 1979 stat. nov.: Female, dorsal and ventral views: Ecuador: a. (USN- MENT01590466-USNM) Balzapamba, b. (AMNH_IZC 00197520-AMNH) “Oriente”.

FIGURE 117. Geographical distribution of Opsiphanes badius badius Stichel, 1902 stat. rest., Opsiphanes badius cauca Röber, 1906 stat. rest. and Opsiphanes badius angostura Bristow, 1979 stat. nov.; Asterisk (*) inside the sampled locality indicates that the geographical distribution data was retrieved from the bibliography.

FIGURE 120. Opsiphanes badius angostura Bristow, 1979 stat. nov. Holotype of Opsiphanes badius angostura Bristow, 1979 stat. nov.; a. dorsal view, b. ventral view.