Opsiphanes sallei Doubleday, [1849]

Piovesan, Mônica, Casagrande, Mirna Martins & Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik, 2022, Systematics of Opsiphanes Doubleday, [1849] (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae, Satyrinae, Brassolini): an integrative approach, Zootaxa 5216 (1), pp. 1-278 : 114

Opsiphanes sallei Doubleday, [1849]

( Figs 95–106 )

Diagnosis. Opsiphanes sallei differs from Opsiphanes farrago stat. nov. in having the DFW with a strongly angled oblique band on M 3 -CuA 1 ( Fig. 95a ). Molecular analyses recovered Opsiphanes sallei as closely related to Opsiphanes farrago stat. nov. ( Fig. 2 ) (genetic distance 2.9-3.1%).

Male genitalia. Tegumen in dorsal view with anterior margin with concavity in the median region and almost the same width as the posterior margin; anterior projection of saccus in lateral view twice as long as dorsal arms of saccus, in ventral view with a dilated anterior region ( Fig. 100 ).

Female genitalia. Lamella antevaginalis membranous medially and sclerotized laterally; lamella postvaginalis as a triangular plate that tapers gradually in the distal portion, rounded medially, nearly the same size as the ostium; ostium with weaker sclerotization than lamella ante and postvaginalis ( Fig. 101 ).

Variation. Opsiphanes sallei colombiana and Opsiphanes sallei nicandrus vary in the following characters: DFW, size of the patches that form the oblique band; when small, these patches form a discontinuous band. DHW, the width of submarginal band. VHW, the size of the eyespot between Sc+R 1 and M 1, and the width of its darkbrown ring; and the size and shape of the eyespot between M 3 and CuA 2 ( Figs 96–99 ).

Figures

FIGURE 2. Phylogenetic tree (Maximum Likelihood) inferred with IQ-TREE based on six molecular markers: cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) (mitochondrial), elongation factor 1-alpha (EF-1α), ribosomal protein S5 (RpS5), wingless (wg), Car- bamoylphosphate synthase domain protein (CAD), Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) (nuclear), rooted in Catoblepia amphirhoe (Hübner, [1825]). Asterisk (*) indicates SH-aLRT> = 80% and UFboot> = 95%. The scale bar represents the expected number of nucleotide substitutions per site. Data of the specimens used are described in table 2.

FIGURE 95. Opsiphanes sallei sallei Doubleday, [1849]: Male, dorsal and ventral views: a. Venezuela: (DZ 42.840-DZUP) Choroní. The white arrow indicates the diagnostic character of the species.

FIGURE 96. Opsiphanes sallei colombiana Bristow, 1991: Male, dorsal and ventral views: Colombia: a. (GIO) Santander, Encino, Reserva Biológica Cachalú, b. (personal collection of Indiana Cristóbal Ríos-Málaver) Caldas, Samaná, Florencia.

FIGURE 97. Opsiphanes sallei colombiana Bristow, 1991: Male, dorsal and ventral views: Peru: a. (AMNH_IZC 00352837- AMNH) Rio Huallaga, b. (FLMNH MGCL 1103435-MGCL) Chanchamayo.

FIGURE 98. Opsiphanes sallei nicandrus Fruhstorfer, 1912: Male, dorsal and ventral views: a. Bolivia: (DZ 42.839-DZUP) Cristal Mayu; b. Peru: (OM 35.242-DZUP—OM; CMBUT1229-19) Kosñipata.

FIGURE 99. Opsiphanes sallei nicandrus Fruhstorfer, 1912: Male: a. (NHMUK), Female: b. (USNMENT01590314-USNM), dorsal and ventral views: Bolivia: Rio Songo [=Zongo], 750 m Coll. Fassl.

FIGURE 100. Opsiphanes sallei sallei Doubleday, [1849]: Male: a. abdomen, lateral view, b. detail of the scent organ, lateral view; genitalia: c. dorsal view, d. ventral view, e. lateral view; aedeagus: f. dorsal view, g. ventral view, h. lateral view (DZ 42.840-DZUP).

FIGURE 101. Opsiphanes sallei nicandrus Fruhstorfer, 1912: Female genitalia: a. lateral view; b. detail of the signa; c. ventral view (USNMENT01590314-USNM).

FIGURE 102. Geographical distribution of Opsiphanes sallei sallei Doubleday, [1849], Opsiphanes sallei colombiana Bristow, 1991 and Opsiphanes sallei nicandrus Fruhstorfer, 1912; Asterisk (*) inside the sampled localities indicates that the geographical distribution data was retrieved from the bibliography.

FIGURE 103. Opsiphanes sallei sallei Doubleday, [1849]. Lectotype of Opsiphanes sallei sallei Doubleday, [1849]; a. dorsal view, b. ventral view.

FIGURE 104. Opsiphanes sallei colombiana Bristow, 1991. Holotype of Opsiphanes sallei colombiana Bristow, 1991; a. dorsal view, b. ventral view.

FIGURE 105. Opsiphanes sallei colombiana Bristow, 1991. Holotype of Opsiphanes sallei kennerleyi Bristow, 1991 syn. nov.; a. dorsal view, b. ventral view.

FIGURE 106. Opsiphanes sallei nicandrus Fruhstorfer, 1912. Lectotype of Opsiphanes sallei nicandrus Fruhstorfer, 1912; a. dorsal view, b. ventral view.