Opsiphanes sallei sallei Doubleday, [1849]

Piovesan, Mônica, Casagrande, Mirna Martins & Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik, 2022, Systematics of Opsiphanes Doubleday, [1849] (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae, Satyrinae, Brassolini): an integrative approach, Zootaxa 5216 (1), pp. 1-278 : 114-115

Opsiphanes sallei sallei Doubleday, [1849]

( Figs 95 , 100 , 102 , 103 )

Opsiphanes sallei Doubleday, [1849] . Gen. diurn. Lep. 1, pl. 57, fig. 2 ([male] d).—Westwood, 1851, in Doubleday. Gen. Diurn. Lep. 2, p. 346; Venezuela; NHMUK.—Herrich-Schäffer, 1865. Corr.-Blatt zool.-min. Ver. Regensburg 19 (5): 64.— Kirby, 1871. Syn. Cat. Diurn. Lep., p. 126.— Scudder, 1875. Proc. Amer. Ac. Arts & Sc. 10 (2): 233; type species of Opsiphanes .— Kirby, 1879. Cat. Coll. Diurn. Lep. Hewitson, p. 107.— Aurivillius, 1882. Kongl. Svenska Akad. Handl. 19 (5): 76.— Staudinger, 1887, in Staudinger & Schatz. Exot. Schmett. 1 (18), p. 213.— Röber, 1906. Soc. ent. 21 (4): 27.— Stichel, 1907. Soc. ent. 22 (13): 99.— Fruhstorfer, 1912, in Seitz. Gross-Schmett. Erde 5, p. 301.—Hemming, 1941. Jour. Soc. Bibl. Nat. Hist. 1 (11): 422, 461.— Hemming, 1943. Proc. r. ent . Soc. London (B) 12 (2): 25.—Hemming, 1967. Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Ent., Suppl. 9: 88, 321.—L. Miller, 1968. Mem. Amer. Ent. Soc. 24: 27.— Blandin & Descimon, 1975. Ann. Soc. ent. France 11 (1): 9, 25.— Blandin, 1977. Publ. Lab. Zool. l’École norm. sup., Paris, 9: 163, 176, 180, 212; biogeogr.—D’Abrera, 1984. Butt. South Amer. 1, p. 141 (fig. male d, v).—Santin, 2004. Répert. planteshôtes subst. chen. lépid. monde (2 nd ed.), 2, p. 1739; host plant.— Austin et al., 2007. Bull. Allyn Mus. 150: 2, 15.— Penz et al., 2011. Zootaxa 2897: 1, 11, 16, fig. 4d (male d, v).—Penz & Mohammadi, 2013. Biota Neotrop. 13 (3): 159, 162, 170, 180, figs 4f (male v), 7h (male d).— Blandin et al., 2015. Antenor 2 (1): 109.—Penz & Williams, 2020. Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 113 (3): 207.

Opsiphanes sallei sallei ; Stichel, 1902. Berl. ent. Ztschr. 46 (4): 513, 524.— Stichel, 1904, in Wytsman. Gen. Ins. 20, p. 20.— Stichel, 1907. Soc. ent. 22 (13): 100.— Stichel, 1909. Das Tierreich 25: 80.— Stichel, 1932. Lep. Cat. 51, p. 43.— Biezanko & Ruffinelli, 1962. Rev. Fac. Agron., Montevideo, 50: 146.— D’Abrera, 1987. Butt. Neotrop. Reg. 3, p. 410 (fig. male d), 411 (fig. male v).— Bristow, 1991. Zool. Jour. Linn. Soc. 101 (3): 279, 281, figs 30b (male d, v), 31d (female d, v).— Casagrande, 2004. Brassolini , in Lamas (ed.) Checklist: Part 4A, Hesperioidea-Papilionoidea, in Heppner (ed.). Atlas Neotrop. Lep. 5A, p. 204.—Viloria, 2005, in Llorente & Morrone (eds). Reg. Biogeo. Iberoamérica, UNAM, Mexico, p. 449.

Taxonomic history. Opsiphanes sallei Doubleday, [1849] is cited in reviews, catalogs, and checklists, with records of geographic distribution, with no taxonomic modifications since its description. Scudder (1875) designated Opsiphanes sallei as the type species of Opsiphanes . Fruhstorfer (1912) reproduced the information of Stichel (1909). Blandin et al. (2015) considered that Opsiphanes sallei is exclusively Andean.

Type material. Opsiphanes sallei Doubleday, [1849] was described based on an illustration from an unknown number of males, complemented by Westwood (1851), who indicated its geographical distribution. Aurivillius (1882) and Stichel (1904) referred to figure 2 of plate 57 by Doubleday [1849] as “fig. typica” and “fig. typ.”, respectively. Bristow (1991) mentioned that the holotype male is deposited at the NHMUK, with the following labels: / Type/ Holotype / B.M. Type No. Rh. 6100 Opsiphanes sallei ♂ D. W. & H./ Venezuela / Opsiphanes sallei D & H. G.D.L. Pl 57-f2/ sallei sallei W. D. Hew. Venezuela 1851 /. In fact, this specimen is not the holotype, since the original description does not mention the number of specimens. However, according to article 74.6 of the ICZN, this holotype should be interpreted as the lectotype designation. The following labels will also be attached: / LEC- TOTYPUS/ Lectotypus Opsiphanes sallei Doubleday, [1849] , Bristow (1991); confirmed by Piovesan, Casagrande & O. Mielke det. 2022/ ( Fig. 103 ).

Diagnosis. Opsiphanes sallei sallei differs from Opsiphanes sallei colombiana and Opsiphanes sallei nicandrus in having the DFW with large spots that comprise the oblique band and define the generally straighter and more compact appearance of this band ( Fig. 95 ).

Comments. Bristow (1991) indicated that Opsiphanes sallei sallei would occur in Colombia, but the Colombian specimens studied here are Opsiphanes sallei colombiana . Blandin et al. (2015) also drew attention to the fact that Opsiphanes sallei sallei does not occur in Colombia as far as presently known.

Natural history. Females of Opsiphanes sallei sallei were seen ovipositing on Arecaceae leaves and flying in wet forests ( Blandin et al. 2015).

Geographic distribution. Venezuela (Aragua) ( Fig. 102 ). It occurs at altitudes between 800 and 2,000 m ( Blandin et al. 2015) .

Temporal distribution. Throughout the year except for January ( Blandin et al. 2015).

Etymology. Likely a tribute to Auguste Sallé.

Specimens examined. Photos of the lectotypus of Opsiphanes sallei sallei Doubleday, [1849] , and the following specimen: VENEZUELA: Aragua — Maracay (Choroní), 1,250 m, VIII-1977, 1 male, DZ 42.840 ( DZUP) .

Figures

FIGURE 95. Opsiphanes sallei sallei Doubleday, [1849]: Male, dorsal and ventral views: a. Venezuela: (DZ 42.840-DZUP) Choroní. The white arrow indicates the diagnostic character of the species.

FIGURE 100. Opsiphanes sallei sallei Doubleday, [1849]: Male: a. abdomen, lateral view, b. detail of the scent organ, lateral view; genitalia: c. dorsal view, d. ventral view, e. lateral view; aedeagus: f. dorsal view, g. ventral view, h. lateral view (DZ 42.840-DZUP).

FIGURE 102. Geographical distribution of Opsiphanes sallei sallei Doubleday, [1849], Opsiphanes sallei colombiana Bristow, 1991 and Opsiphanes sallei nicandrus Fruhstorfer, 1912; Asterisk (*) inside the sampled localities indicates that the geographical distribution data was retrieved from the bibliography.

FIGURE 103. Opsiphanes sallei sallei Doubleday, [1849]. Lectotype of Opsiphanes sallei sallei Doubleday, [1849]; a. dorsal view, b. ventral view.