Opsiphanes zelotes Hewitson, 1873

Piovesan, Mônica, Casagrande, Mirna Martins & Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik, 2022, Systematics of Opsiphanes Doubleday, [1849] (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae, Satyrinae, Brassolini): an integrative approach, Zootaxa 5216 (1), pp. 1-278 : 94-96

Opsiphanes zelotes Hewitson, 1873

( Figs 72–79 )

Opsiphanes zelotes Hewitson, 1873 . Exot. Butt. 5, pl. Opsiphanes , figs 3, 4 ([male] d, v); text Villagomes, New Granada [ Colombia]; collection W. C. Hewitson.—Kirby, 1877. Syn. Cat. Diurn. Lep., Suppl., p. 716.— Kirby, 1879. Cat. Coll. Diurn. Lep. Hewitson, p. 107.— Aurivillius, 1882. Kongl. Svenska Akad. Handl. 19 (5): 76.— Staudinger, 1887, in Staudinger & Schatz. Exot. Schmett. 1 (18), p. 213.— Stichel, 1902. Berl. ent. Ztschr. 46 (4): 511, 524.— Stichel, 1904, in Wytsman. Gen. Ins. 20, p. 19.— Röber, 1906. Soc. ent. 21 (4): 27.— Stichel, 1909. Das Tierreich 25: 53, 67.— Fruhstorfer, 1912, in Seitz. Gross-Schmett. Erde 5, p. 296.— Blandin, 1977. Publ. Lab. Zool. l‘École norm. sup., Paris, 9: 163, 177, 180, 216; biogeogr.— Austin et al., 2007. Bull. Allyn Mus. 150: 15, 17.— Chacón et al., 2012. Bull. Allyn Mus. 166: 2, 9, fig. 27 (phylogenetic tree).—Shirai et al., 2017. Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 110 (2): 147, 155, fig. 5 (phylogenetic tree); phylog.— Matos-Maraví et al. 2021, Biol. Jour. Linn. Soc. 133 (3): 711, fig. 2 (phylogenetic tree); phylog.

Opsiphanes zalates [sic]; Stichel, 1908. Berl. ent. Ztschr. 52 (3): 175.

Opsiphanes zelotes zelotes ; Stichel, 1909. Das Tierreich 25: 67.— Stichel, 1932. Lep. Cat. 51, p. 36; syn.: zelys.— D’Abrera, 1987. Butt. Neotrop. Reg. 3, p. 412.— Bristow, 1991. Zool. Jour. Linn. Soc. 101 (3): 283, fig. 32b (male d, v).— Casagrande, 2004. Brassolini , in Lamas (ed.) Checklist: Part 4A, Hesperioidea-Papilionoidea, in Heppner (ed.). Atlas Neotrop. Lep. 5A, p. 204; syn.: zalates .—J. Miller et al., 2006. 100 Caterpillars, p. 134, fig. 11 (larva, male d); biol., host plant.— Checa et al., 2010. Trop. Lep. Res. 20 (1): 14, fig. 1 (male d, v).

Taxonomic history. Opsiphanes zelotes Hewitson, 1873 is cited in reviews, catalogs and checklists, with no taxonomic changes since its description. Bristow (1991) illustrated the male.

Type material. Opsiphanes zelotes Hewitson, 1873 was described and illustrated based on an unknown number of males from Nova Granada [ Colombia], Villagomes [leg.], and deposited in the W. C. Hewitson collection. Aurivillius (1882) and Stichel (1904) referred to figures 3 and 4 of the description by Hewitson (1873) as “fig. typicae” and “fig. typ.”, respectively. Bristow (1991) mentioned that the male holotype is deposited at the NHMUK, with the following labels: / Type/ B.M. Type No. Rh. 6218 Opsiphanes zelotes , ♂ Hew./ New Granada (Villagomez) Hewitson Coll. 79–69. Opsiphanes zelotes . Hew./. In fact, this specimen is not the holotype, since the original description does not mention the number of specimens. However, according to article 74.6 of the ICZN, this holotype should be interpreted as the lectotype designation. The following labels will also be attached: / LECTOTYPUS / Lectotypus Opsiphanes zelotes Hewitson, 1873 , Bristow (1991); confirmed by Piovesan, Casagrande & O. Mielke det. 2022/ ( Fig. 79 ).

Diagnosis. Male: DFW with narrower oblique yellow band than in Opsiphanes zelus stat. nov., not exceeding CuA 2 ( Fig. 72a ). Female: DFW with a whitish or slightly yellowish oblique band, enlarged in nearly all its length, but tapering abruptly on CuA 2 -2A. DHW, between the costal margin and M 2, with the submarginal band indistinct ( Fig. 74b ).

Male genitalia. Tegumen in dorsal view longer than the uncus, anterior margin with a slight concavity in the median region and wider than the posterior margin; anterior projection of saccus in lateral view twice as long as dorsal arms of saccus; valva in dorsal view, dilated from the anterior portion to the median portion and tapering toward the posterior portion; aedeagus with an antero-dorsal opening to the ejaculatory bulb ( Fig. 76 ).

Female genitalia. Lamella antevaginalis as a sclerotized arch; lamella postvaginalis joins the lamella antevaginalis, involving the opening of the ostium as a ring; ostium and the initial portion of the ductus bursae sclerotized ( Fig. 77 ).

Variation. FW length: male: 39–50 mm (n=6), female: 49–53 mm (n=5). DFW, the width, length, and color of the oblique band, and the spots that form the band may or may not be joined together; females may have a small whitish spot on the discal cell. DHW, the length and width of the patches that form the submarginal band of females. VHW, size and shape of eyespots between Sc+R 1 and M 1, and between M 3 and CuA 2 ( Figs 72–75 ).

Comments. It was possible to associate males and females of Opsiphanes zelotes through morphological and molecular analyses. The male of Opsiphanes zelotes is similar to the male of Opsiphanes zelus stat. nov., differing in having the DFW with a narrower oblique yellow band, not exceeding CuA 2, but Opsiphanes zelus stat. nov. has the DFW with a wider yellow oblique band, exceeding CuA2; in Opsiphanes zelotes the anterior projection of saccus in lateral view is twice as long as the dorsal arm of saccus; valva in dorsal view, dilated from the anterior to the median portion and tapering toward the posterior portion, while in Opsiphanes zelus stat. nov. the anterior projection of the saccus in lateral view is less than twice as long as the dorsal arm of the saccus; and the valva without a dilation from the anterior to the median portions. The female of Opsiphanes zelotes in dorsal view is similar to that of Opsiphanes bogotanus castaneus stat. rest., differing in the DHW submarginal band.

Natural history. Miller et al. (2006) illustrated the larva of Opsiphanes zelotes and recorded the species in humid forests at moderate altitudes in Costa Rica, suggesting that it is rare. Checa et al. (2010) collected adults of the species in forest understory in Ecuador.

Host plants: Arecaceae : Prestoea decurrens (H. Wendl. ex Burret) H. E. Moore , Desmoncus schippii Burret , Bactris hondurensis Standl. (J. Miller et al. 2006) .

Geographic distribution. Costa Rica (Guanacaste, Alajuela) ; Colombia (Cundinamarca) ; Ecuador (Esmeraldas) ( Checa et al. 2010) ( Fig. 78 ) .

Temporal distribution. February, March, July, October–December.

Etymology. Unknown.

Specimens examined. Photos of the lectotypus of Opsiphanes zelotes Hewitson, 1873 , and the following specimens: COSTA RICA: Guanacaste — Área de Conservación Guanacaste, 10.9857, -85.4186, 655 m, 30-X-2015, 1 female, F. Quesada leg., USNMENT01590774 ( USNM), (Ingas) , 11.00311, -85.42041, 580 m, 7-XI-2012, 1 male, M. Ríos leg., USNMENT01590753 ( USNM), (Puente Mena) , 11.0456, -85.4574, 280 m, 14-XII-2014, 1 male, A. López leg., USNMENT01590820 ( USNM), (Sendero Manguera) , 10.9959, -85.3984, 470 m, 28-XII-2015, 1 female, D. Martínez leg., USNMENT01590803 ( USNM), (Sendero Trichoptera) , 10.9857, -85.4187, 655 m, 21- II-2015, 1 female, 19-XII-2015, 1 female, 31-XII-2015, 1 male, F. Quesada leg., USNMENT01590775, 01590802, 01590804 ( USNM) . Alajuela — Área de Conservación Guanacaste, ( Quebrada Guarumo ), 10.90445, -85.28412, 400 m, 16-VII-2002, 1 male, 1 female, F. Vargas leg., USNMENT01590754, 01590762 ( USNM), (Finca San Gabriel) , 10.87766, -85.39343, 645 m, 29-X-2004, 1 male, C. Cano leg., USNMENT01590757 ( USNM), (Moga) , 11.01227, -85.34929, 320 m, 9-VII-2008, 1 female, D. Briceño leg., USNMENT01590763 ( USNM), (Sendero Perdido) , 10.8794, -85.38607, 620 m, 14-III-2000, 1 male, gusaneros leg., USNMENT01590756 ( USNM), (Sendero Venado) , 10.89678, -85.27001, 420 m, 14-XI-2005, 1 male, J. Pérez leg., USNMENT01590758 ( USNM), (Sendero Rincón) , 10.8962, -85.27769, 430 m, 12-XI-2003, 1 female, J. Pérez leg., USNMENT01590760 ( USNM), (Sendero Corredor) , 10.87868, -85.38963, 620 m, 21-III-2006, 1 male, Y. Mendoza leg., USNMENT01590755 ( USNM) , 10.87868, -85.38963, 620 m, 13-XI-2003, 2 females, C. Cano leg., USNMENT01590759, 01590761 ( USNM) . COLOMBIA: Cundinamarca — Bogotá, 1 male, DZ 48.780 ( DZUP) .

Figures

FIGURE 72. Opsiphanes zelotes Hewitson, 1873: Male, dorsal and ventral views: Costa Rica: a. (USNMENT01590755- USNM), b. (USNMENT01590757-USNM) Alajuela. White arrows indicate diagnostic characters of the species.

FIGURE 73. Opsiphanes zelotes Hewitson, 1873: Male, dorsal and ventral views: a. Costa Rica: (USNMENT01590754- USNM) Alajuela; b. Colombia: (DZ 48. 780-DZUP) Bogotá.

FIGURE 74. Opsiphanes zelotes Hewitson, 1873: Female, dorsal and ventral views: Costa Rica: a. (USNMENT01590759- USNM), b. (USNMENT01590761-USNM) Alajuela. White arrows indicate diagnostic characters of the species. The gray arrow indicates one of the diagnostic characters of the “quiteria group”.

FIGURE 75. Opsiphanes zelotes Hewitson, 1873: Female, dorsal and ventral views: Costa Rica: a. (USNMENT01590762- USNM) Alajuela, b. (USNMENT01590774-USNM) Guanacaste.

FIGURE 76. Opsiphanes zelotes Hewitson, 1873: Male: a. abdomen, lateral view, b. detail of the scent organ, lateral view; genitalia: c. dorsal view, d. ventral view, e. lateral view; aedeagus: f. dorsal view, g. ventral view, h. lateral view (DZ 48.780- DZUP). The gray arrow indicates one of the diagnostic characters of the “quiteria group”.

FIGURE 77. Opsiphanes zelotes Hewitson, 1873: Female genitalia: a. lateral view; b. detail of the signa; c. ventral view (USN- MENT01590761-USNM).

FIGURE 78. Geographical distribution of Opsiphanes zelotes Hewitson, 1873; Asterisk (*) inside the sampled locality indicates that the geographical distribution data was retrieved from the bibliography.

FIGURE 79. Opsiphanes zelotes Hewitson, 1873. Lectotype of Opsiphanes zelotes Hewitson, 1873; a. dorsal view, b. ventral view.