Tetrameranthus umbellatus Westra, 1985

Westra, Lubbert Y. T. & Maas, Paul J. M., 2012, Tetrameranthus (Annonaceae) revisited including a new species, PhytoKeys 12, pp. 1-21 : 14-15

Tetrameranthus umbellatus Westra Figs 1A, B, G 2F, G Map 2

Tetrameranthus umbellatus Proceedings of the Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen, ser. C. 88: 479, plates 1, 14, 15. 1985.

Type.

Tunquí 62 (holotype U; isotype MO), Peru, Amazonas: Río Santiago, Huambisa, other side of La Poza 1 km, 180 m, 14 November 1979.

Description.

Tree, 8-25 m tall, 15-25 cm diam., young twigs and petioles densely to rather densely covered with stellate hairs <0.2 mm long, becoming glabrous. Leaves: petioles 5-25 mm long, 1.5-3 mm diam., lamina narrowly obovate or narrowly elliptic-obovate, 15-30 by 4-9 cm (index 2.4-4.7), chartaceous, greenish brown to brown above, pale greenish brown to brown below in sicco, sparsely covered with stellate hairs to glabrous above, rather densely to sparsely covered with stellate hairs on primary vein and sparsely covered to glabrous otherwise below, base acute to attenuate, decurrent along the petiole, apex acute to (abruptly) acuminate (acumen 5-10 mm long), primary vein flat to slightly impressed above, secondary veins 13-20 on either side of primary vein, slightly impressed to raised above, loop-forming, shortest distance between loops and margin 0.5-2 mm, tertiary veins flat to raised above, percurrent to more or less reticulate. Inflorescences up to 5-flowered, umbel-like; peduncles 5-25 mm long, c. 1.5 mm diam., densely to rather densely covered with stellate hairs, becoming glabrous in age, fruiting peduncles to c. 3 mm diam., bracts 4, oblong, 4-5 mm long, outer side densely covered with stellate hairs, falling before flowering, pedicels 25-70 mm long, ≥1 mm diam., densely to rather densely covered with stellate hairs, becoming glabrous in age, fruiting pedicels to c. 3 mm diam. Flowers green, maturing yellow in vivo; sepals broadly triangular-ovate to ovate, connate just at the base, to c. 4 by 3-5 mm, outer side densely covered with stellate hairs; outer petals ovate-elliptic, 16-20 by 9-12 mm, densely to rather densely covered with stellate hairs, the inner base with small glabrous area, inner petals elliptic, 13-17 by 6-7 mm, indument as in outer petals, the glabrous inner base slightly larger; stamens ≤1 mm long, connective shield cushion-shaped, flat. Monocarps 2-7, orange or red in vivo, brownish black in sicco, ellipsoid to oblongoid, 2-seeded forms to c. 45 by 20 mm and with oblique constriction, 1-seeded forms smaller and without constriction, mostly rounded at the apex. Seeds 1-2 per monocarp, to c. 25 by 18 mm.

Distribution.

Amazonian Peru (Amazonas, Huánuco, Loreto) and Brazil (Amazonas, Pará).

Habitat and ecology.

In non-inundated (terra firme) forest or rarely periodically inundated forest. At elevations of 100-600 m. Flowering and fruiting: probably throughout the year.

Additional specimens examined.

Brazil. Amazonas: Mun. Jutaí, Cid et al. 7269 (K, NY, US); km 1225 of Cuiabá-Santarém Highway (BR 163), Prance et al. 25602 (NY, U). Peru. Amazonas: Río Santiago, 2 km below Caterpiza, trail to Mitayar, E side of Quebrada Caterpiza, Huashikat 613 (MO, U); Quebrada Sasa, Monte Numi, 600 m, Kayap 2015 (MO, U). Huánuco: Distr. Llullapichis, Prov. Puerto Inca, Dantas, 280 m, Kröll Saldaña 712 (U); S of Pucallpa, next to the junction of the Río Pachitea and Río Llullapichis, 260 m, Morawetz & Wallnöfer 14-81085 (U); Prov. Pachitea, region of Pucallpa, Sira Mts., 26 km S of Puerto Inca, next to the junction of the Río Pachitea and Río Llullapichis, field station “Panguana”, 260 m, Morawetz & Wallnöfer 18-14188 (U, WU). Loreto: Prov. Maynas, Paucarillo Reserve, Río Amazonas, 110 m, Choo 347 (MO); Prov. Maynas, Distr. Las Amazonas, Explornapo Camp, near Sucusari, 100-140 m, Pipoly et al. 14565 (MO, U); Prov. Maynas, Llachapa, Río Napo, 130 m, Vásquez & Jaramillo 3732 (MO, U).

Vernacular names.

Peru: Washi yais ( Tunquí 62), Wáshi yéis (Huashikat 613), Yaú (Kayap 2015).

Figures

Figure 1. Tetrameranthus umbellatus Westra A Young flower (Tunqui 62, U) B Androecium and gynoecium of same. Tetrameranthus duckei R. E. Fr. C Two-seeded monocarp (Rodrigues & Coelho 3835, U) D One-seeded monocarp (Morawetz et al. 21 - 9883, U). Tetrameranthus pachycarpus Westra E, F Two-seeded monocarp cut open and seen from outside (Foster 4271, NY). Tetrameranthus umbellatus Westra G Two-seeded monocarp (Huashikat 613, U).

Figure 2. Tetrameranthus duckei R. E. Fr. A Two-flowered inflorescence B Flowers at early anthesis C Flower at late anthesis, liberation of pollen (Webber, 1981) D Fruit. Tetrameranthus laomae D. R. Simpson E Ripe fruit, also sectioned to show seeds. Note articulation at base of fruiting stalk. Tetrameranthus umbellatus Westra F Flowers G Young inflorescence, detail of herbarium specimen (Morawetz & Wallnoefer 14 - 81085, U). A, E-F Photos by W. Morawetz, B-D Photos by A. C. Webber.

Map 2. Distribution of Tetrameranthus globuliferus Westra (○), Tetrameranthus laomae D. R. Simpson (□), Tetrameranthus macrocarpus R. E. Fr. (◉), and Tetrameranthus umbellatus Westra (◆).