Glyptapanteles yalizhangae Arias-Penna, sp. nov.

Arias-Penna, Diana Carolina, Whitfield, James B., Janzen, Daniel H., Winifred Hallwachs,, Dyer, Lee A., Smith, M. Alex, Hebert, Paul D. N. & Fernandez-Triana, Jose L., 2019, A species-level taxonomic review and host associations of Glyptapanteles (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Microgastrinae) with an emphasis on 136 new reared species from Costa Rica and Ecuador, ZooKeys 890, pp. 1-685 : 1

Glyptapanteles yalizhangae Arias-Penna, sp. nov. Fig. 222

Female.

Body length 3.13 mm, antenna length 3.43 mm, fore wing length 3.38 mm.

Type material.

Holotype: ECUADOR • 1♀; EC-38911, YY-A001; Napo, Yanayacu Biological Station, Sendero de las Lágrimas; cloud forest; 2,075 m; - 0.598333, -77.882778; 25.v.2009; CAPEA leg.; caterpillar collected in third instar; cocoons formed on 15.vii.2009; adult parasitoids emerged on 03.viii.2009; ( PUCE) . Paratypes. • 49 (10♀, 5♂) (34♀, 0 ♂); EC-38911, YY-A001; same data as for holotype; ( PUCE) .

Other material.

Reared material. ECUADOR: Napo, Yanayacu Biological Station, Sendero de los Sapos , Plot 441: • 46 (9♀, 5♂) (31♀, 0 ♂); EC-41813, YY-A002; cloud forest; 2,004 m; - 0.553333, -77.875556; 22.viii.2009; Luis Salagaje leg. ; caterpillar collected in fourth instar; cocoons formed on 16.ix.2009; adult parasitoids emerged on 08.x.2009.

Diagnosis.

Fore wing with vein 2 cu-a absent, vein 1 cu-a straight, r vein curved, outer side of junction of r and 2RS veins not forming a stub ( Fig. 222K ), dorsal groove on axillary trough of scutellum smooth ( Fig. 222E, F ), propodeum with a shallow median longitudinal dent with rugae ( Fig. 222F ), mesoscutum punctation proximally distinct, but distally absent/dispersed ( Fig. 222E ), temple punctate-lacunose, petiole virtually parallel-sided over most of length, but narrowing over distal 1/3, finely sculptured ( Fig. 222G, H ), dorsal outer depression on hind coxa present ( Fig. 222A, J ), inner margin of eyes diverging slightly at antennal sockets ( Fig. 222B ), and lateral grooves delimiting the median area on T2 clearly defined and reaching the distal edge of T2 ( Fig. 222G, H ).

Coloration

( Fig. 222 A–K ). General body coloration polished satin black except labrum, mandibles, glossa, and tegulae yellow-brown; yellow-brown scape distally brown; pedicel proximally brown and distally yellow-brown; first four-five proximal antennal flagellomeres dorsally lighter (light brown) than ventrally (dark brown), remaining flagellomeres dark brown on both sides; maxillary and labial palps yellow; clypeus, pronotum, propleuron, epicnemial ridge, lunules, BS, PFM, BM, and MPM with brown-red/reddish tints. Eyes silver and ocelli yellowish. Fore and middle legs dark yellow except brown-red/reddish coxae, and brown claws; hind legs dark yellow except black coxae, femora dorso-distally with an elongate brown spot, tibiae distally brown, and tarsomeres brown although basitarsus proximal half yellow. Petiole on T1 brown-red/reddish, contours darkened and sublateral areas yellow; T2 with median and adjacent areas brown-red/reddish, adjacent area with contours well-defined, both dark areas forming a rectangle-shaped area, and lateral ends yellow; T3 mostly brown-red/brown with corners proximally yellow; T4 and beyond brown-red/brown; distally each tergum with a narrow whitish transparent band. In lateral view, T1-3 yellow; T4 brown, but proximoventrally with a small yellow area; T5 and beyond brown. S1-3 yellow; S4 yellow, but medially brown; penultimate sternum and hypopygium brown.

Description.

Head ( Fig. 222 A–D ). Head rounded with pubescence long and dense. Proximal three antennal flagellomeres longer than wide (0.23:0.09, 0.25:0.09, 0.27:0.09), distal antennal flagellomere longer than penultimate (0.15:0.07, 0.13:0.07), antenna longer than body (3.43, 3.13); antennal scrobes-frons shallow. Face flat or nearly so, finely punctate-lacunose, interspaces wavy and longitudinal median carina present. Frons smooth. Temple wide, punctate-lacunose and interspaces wavy. Inner margin of eyes diverging slightly at antennal sockets; in lateral view, eye anteriorly convex and posteriorly straight. POL shorter than OOL (0.11, 0.15). Malar suture faint. Median area between lateral ocelli without depression. Vertex laterally pointed or nearly so and dorsally wide.

Mesosoma ( Fig. 222A, E, F, I ). Mesosoma dorsoventrally convex. Mesoscutum distal half with a central dent, punctation distinct proximally, but absent/dispersed distally, interspaces wavy/lacunose. Scutellum triangular, apex sloped and fused with BS, but not in the same plane, scutellar punctation indistinct throughout, in profile scutellum slightly convex, but on same plane as mesoscutum, phragma of the scutellum widely visible; BS only very partially overlapping the MPM; ATS demilune with faint wavy rugae; dorsal ATS groove smooth. Transscutal articulation with small and heterogeneous foveae, area just behind transscutal articulation smooth, shiny and depressed centrally. Metanotum with BM convex; MPM circular without median longitudinal carina; AFM without setiferous lobes and not as well delineated as PFM; PFM thick, smooth and with lateral ends rounded; ATM proximally with a groove with some sculpturing and distally smooth. Propodeum with a shallow dent, proximal half weakly curved with fine sculpture and distal half relatively polished; distal edge of propodeum with a flange at each side and without stubs; propodeal spiracle without distal carina; nucha surrounded by very short radiating carinae. Pronotum with a distinct dorsal furrow, dorsally with a well-defined smooth band; central area of pronotum smooth, but both dorsal and ventral furrows with short parallel carinae. Propleuron with a mix of rugae and fine punctation, dorsally with a carina. Metasternum convex. Contour of mesopleuron convex; precoxal groove deep with faintly transverse lineate sculpture; epicnemial ridge convex, teardrop-shaped.

Legs ( Fig. 222A ). Ventral margin of fore telotarsus entire without seta, fore telotarsus almost same width throughout and longer than fourth tarsomere (0.12, 0.08). Hind coxa with punctation only on ventral surface, dorsal outer depression present. Inner spur of hind tibia longer than outer spur (0.31, 0.23), entire surface of hind tibia with dense strong spines clearly differentiated by color and length. Hind telotarsus as equal in length as fourth tarsomere (0.16, 0.15).

Wings ( Fig. 222K ). Fore wing with r vein curved; 2RS vein slightly concave; r and 2RS veins forming a weak, even curve at their junction and outer side of junction not forming a stub; 2M vein slightly curved/swollen; anal cell 1/3 proximally lacking microtrichiae; subbasal cell with a small smooth area; vein 2CUa absent and vein 2CUb spectral; vein 2 cu-a absent; vein 2-1A proximally tubular and distally spectral, although sometimes difficult to see; tubular vein 1 cu-a straight and complete, but junction with 1-1A vein spectral. Hind wing with vannal lobe narrow, subdistally and subproximally straightened, and setae present only proximally.

Metasoma ( Fig. 222A, G, H, J ). Metasoma laterally compressed. Petiole on T1 finely sculptured distal, but only laterally, virtually parallel-sided over most of length, but narrowing over distal 1/3 (length 0.38, maximum width 0.20, minimum width 0.08), and with scattered pubescence concentrated in the first distal third. Lateral grooves delimiting the median area on T2 clearly defined and reaching the distal edge of T2 (length median area 0.18, length T2 0.18), edges of median area polished and lateral grooves deep, median area broader than long (length 0.18, maximum width 0.21, minimum width 0.08); T2 with pubescence in distal half. T3 longer than T2 (0.27, 0.18) and with scattered pubescence throughout. Pubescence on hypopygium scattered.

Cocoons. Unknown.

Comments.

In some females, both the mesopleuron ventrally and the metasternum with brown-red/reddish tints, ATS demilune proximally is carinate ( Fig. 222F ). the propodeal spiracle distally is framed by a faint carina, and the limit between the mesopleuron and the metasternum is flattened.

Male.

Coloration similar to female except that the hind femora is almost completely brown, the trochanter and the trochantellus with brown tints; the external genitalia is large, but the apex is truncate diagonally; and the specimens with body slender and cylindrical .

Etymology.

Yali Zhang as an undergraduate student at UIUC, IL, USA, held a research opportunities grant through National Science Foundation, Research Experiences for Undergraduates. She assisted in sorting and identifying Microgastrinae genera in the Whitfield Lab and coauthoring papers on Rhygoplitis Mason and Wilkinsonellus . Also, she studied Curriculum and Instruction/Education at University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA.

Distribution.

Parasitized caterpillars were collected in Ecuador, Napo, Yanayacu Biological Station (Sendero de las Lágrimas and Sendero de los Sapos), during May and August 2009 at 2,004 m and 2,075 m in cloud forest.

Biology.

The lifestyle of this parasitoid species is gregarious.

Host.

Zanola sp. Walker ( Apatelodidae ) feeding on Psammisia pauciflora ( Ericaceae ) and undetermined species of Asteraceae . Caterpillars were collected in third and fourth instar.

Figures

Figure 222. Glyptapanteles yalizhangae sp. nov. female EC- 38911 YY-A 001 A Habitus B, D Head B Frontal view D Dorsal view C Head, propleuron, lateral view E Mesonotum, dorsal view F Scutellum, metanotum, propodeum, dorsal view G T 1 - 3, dorsal view H, J Metasoma H Dorsal view J Lateral view I Mesosoma, lateral view K Fore and hind wings.