Scopelocheirus hopei (Costa, 1851)

Kilgallen, Niamh M. & Lowry, James K., 2015, A review of the scopelocheirid amphipods (Crustacea, Amphipoda, Lysianassoidea), with the description of new taxa from Australian waters, Zoosystematics and Evolution 91 (1), pp. 1-43 : 4-6

Scopelocheirus hopei (Costa, 1851) Figure 10

Callisoma Hopei A. Costa, 1851: 5. - A. Costa 1857: 188. - Bate 1862: 86, pl. 14, fig. 6. - Heller 1866: 27, pl. 3, figs 17, 18. Stossich 1880: 247. - Chevreux 1895: 426. - Norman 1895: 480. - Norman 1900: 200. - Chevreux 1903: 84. - Della Valle 1893: 839, pl. 6, fig. 11, pl. 26, figs 1-15 (in part).

? Callisoma Barthelemyi Costa, 1853a: 7.

? Anonyx Kroeyeri Bruzelius, 1859: 45, pl. 2, fig. 7.

? Callisoma Kroeyeri . - Bate 1862: 371. - Lilljeborg 1865a: 33. - Lilljeborg 1865b: 23. - Boeck 1871: 102. - Boeck 1872: 134. - Metzger 1875: 284 (table). - G.O. Sars 1890: 54, pl. 19, fig. 2. - Norman 1900: 200.

? Callisoma Branickii Wrzesniowski, 1874: 15. - Wrzesniowski 1879: 349.

? Callisoma kroeyeri . - Walker 1898: 166.

Scopelocheirus hopei . - Stebbing 1906: 62 (key). - Cecchini 1928: 301. - Marine Biological Association of the UK 1931: 188. - Stephensen 1932: 355. - Stephensen 1935: 76. - Williams 1938: 89. - Schellenberg 1942: 111. - Stephensen 1942: 472 (table). - Enequist 1949: 387, 400 (table). - Gurjanova 1951: 241, fig. 106 (key). - Williams 1954: 77. - Bossanyi 1957: 357. - J.L. Barnard 1958: 99 (list). - Oldevig 1959: 16. - Krapp-Schickel 1974: 321 (list), 339. - Stroobants 1976: 256, figs 6(S)-10(S), tables 1-4. - Ledoyer 1977: 389. - Lincoln 1979: p. 50, fig. 16. - Mattson 1981: 115 (table 1). - P.G. Moore 1984: 36. - Mateus and Mateus 1986: 130. - Dauvin 1988: 420. - Costello et al. 1989: 35 (in part, part Scopelocheirus crenatus ). - Diviacco and Ruffo 1989: 542 (key), 544, fig. 372. - Kaartvedt 1989: 191, table 5. - Buhl-Jensen and Fosså 1991: 248, table 2. - Barnard and Karaman 1991: 528. - Nickell and Moore 1991: 368. - Palerud and Vader 1991: 43. - Albertelli et al. 1992: 142, 143, table 2. - Andres et al. 1992: 185, table 1. - Britton and Morton 1993: 369. - Dauvin et al. 1994: 551, table 3. - Ishimaru 1994: 59 (list). - Buhl-Mortensen 1996: 49, appendix 1. - Dauvin and Sorbe 1996: 443, 447, 449 (tables 3-5). - Krapp-Schickel and Zavodnik 1996: 459 (list). - Vallet and Dauvin 1996: 481. - Cunha et al. 1997: 133, appendix 1. - Ramsay et al. 1997: 892, table 6, 894. - Bellan-Santini 1998: 874, table 3. - Bellan-Santini and Ruffo 1998: 900, table 7. - Cartes and Sorbe 1999: 1138, table 1. - Miskov-Nodland et al. 1999: 154, appendix. - Groenewold and Fonds 2000: 1398. - O’Reilly et al. 2001: 36. - Bergmann et al. 2002: 190, figs 6a, 8, appendix 1. - Dauvin and Bellan-Santini 2002: 317, table 1. - Jones et al. 2003: 79, table 3, fig. 3. - Cartes et al. 2003: 748, table 1. - Kaim-Malka 2003: 37, figs 3-13, tables 1-7. - Castro et al. 2005: 442, table 3. - Horton 2006: 19, table 1. - Madurell et al. 2008: 338, table 1, 339, table 2. - Zakhama-Sraieb et al. 2009: 5, table 3. - Danovaro et al. 2010: 6. - Christodoulou et al. 2013: 12, table 2.

Scopelocheirus Hopei . - Chevreux 1911: 169. - Massy 1912: 40, 41. - Monod 1923: 22. - Stephensen 1923b: 15. - Chevreux and Fage 1925: 55, figs 39, 40. - Chevreux 1927: 61. - Stephensen 1929: 64. - Cecchini and Parenzan 1935: 165. - Chevreux 1935: 41. - Macquart-Moulin 1984: 185.

Scopelocheiropsis hopei . - Sanderson 1973: 38.

Not Scopelocheirus hopei . - Nagata 1965: 148. - Sekiguchi and Yamaguchi 1983: 10, fig. 6. (Probably = Aroui onagawae ).

Type material.

Probably lost.

Type locality.

Naples, Italy, Mediterranean Sea.

Depth range.

Mediterranean Sea: 34-2500 m ( Stroobants 1976, Chevreux 1903). Atlantic Ocean: 12-2620 m ( Stephensen 1923b, Chevreux 1903). ? Pacific Ocean: 40-519 m ( Nagata 1965, Sekiguchi and Yamaguchi 1983).

Distribution.

Widely recorded from the North Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea. Records from Japan are tentatively referred to Aroui onagawae (Sekiguchi & Yamaguchi, 1983).

North Atlantic Ocean. Denmark: near Horns Revs Lighthouse ( Stephensen 1923b); the eastern Skagerrak ( Stephensen 1923b); north of Skagen ( Enequist 1949). France: Fosse de Capbretton ( Norman 1900); Bay of Biscay ( Chevreux 1903); off Roscoff ( Dauvin 1988, Dauvin et al. 1994); Cap-Ferrat Canyon ( Dauvin and Sorbe 1996). Guinea-Bissau: ( Mateus and Mateus 1986). Ireland: Off the Skelligs, Co. Kerry; Ballycotton, Co. Cork ( Walker 1898) (as Callisoma kröyeri); off south-west Ireland ( Norman 1900); Dundrum-Dublin coast ( Massey 1912); Galway Bay ( McGrath 1981); Malahide; off Tuskar Rock; Hook Head; off Dunmore East; off Achill Head ( Costello et al. 1989). Norway: Beian, Trondheimsfjord ( G.O. Sars 1890) (as Callisoma Kröyeri); Raudeberg, Trondheimsfjord ( Norman 1895); Finnmark ( Bruzelius 1859) (as Anonyx Kroeyeri ); off the Aas Fjord; Strind Fjord; Gulosen; near Byberget, Trondheim region ( Enequist 1949); Ålesund; north-west of Bergen; south-west of Haugesund; Skarnsyndet; Kjelvik ( Oldevig 1959); Raunefjorden ( Mattson 1981); Masfjorden ( Kaartvedt 1989); Norwegian Shelf area ( Buhl-Mortensen 1996); the Skagerrak ( Miskov-Nodland et al. 1999). Portugal: off Aveiro ( Andres et al. 1992, Cunha et al. 1997); south of Olhão ( Castro et al. 2005). Sweden: Bohuslän ( Bruzelius 1859) (as Anonyx Kroeyeri ); Gullmar Fjord, Bohuslän ( Enequist 1949, Oldevig 1959, Buhl-Jensen and Fosså 1991); west of Hållo ( Enequist 1949); Löken, Gåsö Ränn; west of Nidingen ( Oldevig 1959). United Kingdom: Firth of Forth ( Metzger 1875) (as Callisoma Kroeyeri ); Banff; Firth of Clyde; Firth of Forth; Inverary; Northumberland coast; Polperro, Cornwall; Seaham, Co. Durham; Shetland Islands; Sleat Sound ( Norman 1900); Devon ( Plymouth Marine Fauna 1931); off Dartmouth; east of the Orkney Islands ( Chevreux 1935); Strangford Lough, Co. Down; off Donaghadee, Co. Down ( Williams 1954); off Blyth, Northumberland ( Bossanyi 1957); Clyde Area ( Sanderson 1973, Moore 1984, Bergmann et al. 2002); near Assynt ( Sanderson 1973); Anglesey ( Ramsay et al. 1997).

Mediterranean Sea. Algeria: Annaba ( Chevreux 1911). Croatia: Hvar ( Heller 1866); Rovinj ( Krapp-Schickel and Zavodnik 1996). France: ?Nice ( Wrzesniowski 1874) (as Callisoma branickii ); Calvi, Corsica ( Chevreux 1903); Cap d’Ail ( Monod 1923); Bonifacio, Corsica ( Chevreux 1927); Canyon de Planier ( Ledoyer 1977, Kaim-Malka 2003); south-east of Planier, north of Ratonneau; south of Île des Embiez ( Ledoyer 1977); Banyuls-sur-Mer ( Diviacco and Ruffo 1989); off Marseille ( Ledoyer 1977, Kaim-Malka 2003). Greece: Cretan Sea; Rhodes Basin ( Jones et al. 2003). Italy: Gulf of Naples ( Costa 1851, 1857, Della Valle 1893, Cecchini 1928, Cecchini and Parenzan 1935); Monte Cristo Island ( Chevreux 1895); Cagliari ( Stroobants 1976); Ancona; Venice ( Diviacco and Ruffo 1989). Slovenia: Piran ( Heller 1866). Spain: Catalan slope ( Cartes and Sorbe 1999); Balearic Islands ( Cartes et al. 2003; Madurell et al. 2008). Tunisia: Between La Galite and Cap Serrat ( Chevreux 1911).

Ecology.

A known scavenger, taken in baited traps ( Chevreux 1895). Also reported as an associate of Clypeaster spp. ( Wrzesniowski 1874) and Echinocardium cordatum (Pennant, 1777) ( Metzger 1875, Plymouth Marine Fauna 1931); taken from the back and between the legs of Maja squinado (Herbst, 1788) ( Plymouth Marine Fauna 1931); taken from the cranial cavity and along the nerve tracts of Squalus acanthias Linnaeus, 1758 ( Williams 1938).

Discussion.

Japanese records of Scopelocheirus hopei by Nagata (1965) and Sekiguchi and Yamaguchi (1983) are here considered to be inaccurate on the basis of their distribution, and some morphological inconsistencies with the European form such as the shape of the urosomite 1 (dorsally rounded in the European Scopelocheirus hopei , dorsally truncated in the Japanese specimens) and the length of the uropod 3 inner ramus (slightly shorter than and reaching at least to article 2 of outer ramus European specimens, much shorter than outer ramus in the Japanese specimens). It is possible that these records may actually represent Aroui onagawae . Unfortunately, the only illustration of Japanese specimens (by Sekiguchi and Yamaguchi (1983)) does not show the setae on the outer plate of maxilla 2 and as such precludes a generic placement in either Aroui or Scopelocheirus . However, all of the other illustrated characters correspond to the description and illustration of Aroui onagawae by Takekawa and Ishimaru (2000).