Guntheritettigini, Cadena-Castañeda & Quintana-Arias & Infante & Silva & Tavares, 2025

Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Quintana-Arias, Ronald Fernando, Infante, Ivette Coque, Silva, Daniela Santos Martins & Tavares, Gustavo Costa, 2025, Studies on pygmy grasshoppers: On the current Metrodorinae sensu lato classification (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae) with emphasis on American and Malagasy taxa, Zootaxa 5597 (1), pp. 1-265 : 189-191

Key to genera of Guntheritettigini , trib. nov.

1. Medial projection on the median carina of the pronotum raised, resembling a prominent spine ( Fig. 127A ) or undulation ( Fig. 128A ), generally conical............................................................................... 2

- Medial projection absent ( Figs. 132A, B ), and same section of the pronotal disc flat or with a low undulation ( Figs. 131A , 133A ).............................................................................................. 7

2. Undulation of the medion carina (promedial projection) as a pyramidal spine, curved upwards; lateral carinae with conspicuous spine-like projections ( Fig. 126A , 127B )................................................................... 3

- Promedial projection and lateral carinae as a crest or undulation, never as sharp spines ( Fig. 128A , 129A )............... 4

3. Promedial projection and lateral carinae moderately prolonged, pyramidal, and practically erect ( Fig. 126A )....... Andriana

- Promedial projection and lateral carinae prolonged as upcurved spines ( Figs. 127A, B ), which, together, seem like a tricorne armature ( Fig. 127C )......................................................................... Eurybiades

4. Promedial projection poorly elevated ( Figs. 128A , 129A ), and lateral carinae elevation narrow, robust species............ 5

- Promedial projection elevated as the half or as the lateral carinae ( Fig. 130A ); elevation of the lateral carinae wide, slender species ( Fig. 130B ).................................................................................... 6

5. Promedial projection as tall as undulation of the lateral carinae ( Fig. 128A ). Tegmina yellowish ( Fig. 128A ) and sometimes the anterior margin of the pronotum yellowish as well ( Fig. 128B )......................................... Hybotettix

- Promedial projection lower than the undulation of the lateral carinae ( Fig. 129A ). Tegminae and pronotum with similar coloration as the body ( Fig. 129B )..................................................................... Bara

6. Eyes protruding noticeably upwards and to the sides, almost pedunculated ( Fig. 130C ). Median carina of pronotal disc not forming a crest; lateral carinae moderately elevated ( Fig. 130A )........................................ Rehnitettix

- Eyes moderately protruding. Median carina of the pronotal disc forming a narrow and laterally flattened crest at the level of the meso and metanotum; lateral carinae superficial and poorly elevated.................................... Silanotettix

7. Hump present and conspicuous, with noticeable tubercles and lateral carinae arising towards the sides of the hump ( Fig. 136A, B , 138B, C )....................................................................... Guntheritettix gen. nov.

- Hump absent, lateral carinae raised as a conspicuous spine ( Figs. 131A , 132A , 133A )............................... 8

8. Lateral carinae of the pronotum projecting and curving towards the front, the base of lateral carinae as wide as a half of the hind femur ( Figs. 131A, C ). Slender specimens.......................................................... Holocerus

- Lateral carinae of the pronotum projecting upward without curving towards the front, and wider than the previous genus, the base of lateral carinae as wide as maximum wide of the hind femur ( Figs. 132A , 133A ). Moderately robust specimens ( Fig. 135A )...................................................................................... Notocerus

Genera Holocerus Bolívar, 1887 and Notocerus Hancock, 1900

Remarks. As evidenced in the taxonomic key of the tribe Guntheritettigini trib. nov., the genera Holocerus and Notocerus are most similar, but the former is slender and the spinous projections of the lateral carinae are thinner ( Fig. 131 ), curved towards the front, and less divergent than Notocerus . Rehn (1929) further adds that Holocerus has sub-pedunculated eyes ( Fig. 131B ) and a prehumeral tubercle in the median carina of the pronotum, the bicornuate processes have a slightly rounded apex ( Fig. 131A ), not pointed like Notocerus .

In the past, a problem was caused by a misidentification of species of the genus Holocerus . The species described as Holocerus taurus Rehn, 1929 , in fact correspond to Holocerus lucifer ( Serville, 1838) , and what Rehn (1929) considered H. lucifer corresponds to a recently described species ( Skejo et al., 2020). Additionally, when we review Holocerus devriesei , it best fits the diagnostic characteristics of Notocerus . However, H. devriesei has the prehumeral tubercle (sensu Rehn, 1929). It may not be a unique character of Holocerus . The structure of the specimens presented in live photos (see: Skejo et al., 2020, but the authors did not provide figures or draws of the type specimens ( Fig. 133 )), no differences are evident with the structure of the spiny projections of Notocerus cornutus Hancock, 1900 ( Fig. 132 ), therefore Holocerus devriesei is transferred to Notocerus here. In this way, status of both genera is reversed ( Figs. 133 , 134 , 135 ), Holocerus remains monotypic ( Fig. 131 ), and Notocerus has two species. The figure of H. lucifer from Rehn (1929) is different from the figures provided by Skejo et al. (2020). If the specimens studied by Rehn were examined, they could possibly be a yet-to-be-described Holocerus — Notocerus species.

Key to species of the genera Holocerus and Notocerus

1. Lateral carinae of the pronotum projecting and curving towards the front, the base of lateral carinae as wide as a half of the hind femur. Slender specimens ( Fig. 131 )......................................................... Holocerus lucifer

- Lateral carinae of the pronotum projecting upward without curving towards the front, and wider than the previous genus, the base of lateral carinae as wide as maximum wide of the hind femur. Moderately robust specimens ( Figs. 132 , 133 , 134 , 135 ). ( Notocerus ).......................................................................................... 2

2. Prehumeral tubercle on the midline of the pronotum absent, with more uniform coloration, without conspicuous black spots ( Figs. 132A, B ). Last segments of the abdomen of females constricted, without exceeding the apex of the hind femur ( Fig. 132A )..................................................................................... N. cornutus

- Prehumeral tubercle on the midline of the pronotum present ( Figs. 133A , 134A , 135A ), generally greenish, with black spots, and the posterior margin of the spiniform projections of the lateral carina reddish or orange ( Figs. 134 , 135 ). Last segments of the abdomen of females not constricted, exceeding the apex of the hind femur ( Fig. 135A )........ N. devriesei comb. nov.

Figures

FIGURE 126. Andriana hancocki (Bruner, 1910). Male holotype. A. Habitus in lateral view. B. Habitus in dorsal view. C. Frons. D. Labels. Photos: S. Ingrisch.

FIGURE 127. Eurybiades cerastes Rehn, 1929. Male holotype. A–B. Habitus in lateral view. C. Frons. D. Habitus in dorsal view. Photos: J. Tumbrinck.

FIGURE 128. Hybotettix humeralis Hancock, 1900. Female habitus. A. Lateral view and, B. Dorsal view. Photos: S. Ingrisch.

FIGURE 129. Bara turgida Rehn, 1929. Female paratype. A. Habitus in lateral view. B. Habitus in dorsal view. C. Frons. Photos: S. Ingrisch.

FIGURE 130. Rehnitettix olsufieffi Günther, 1939. Female holotype. A. Habitus in lateral view. B. Habitus in dorsal view. C. Frons. D. Labels. Photos: S. Ingrisch.

FIGURE 131. Holocerus lucifer (Serville, 1838). Female holotype. A. Habitus in lateral view. B. Frons. C. Habitus in dorsal view. D. Labels. Photos: Christophe Hervé (MNHN).

FIGURE 132. Notocerus cornutus Hancock, 1900. Female holotype. A. Habitus in lateral view. B. Habitus in dorsal view. C. Frons. Photos: J. Tumbrinck.

FIGURE 133. Notocerus devriesei (Skejo, Medak, Pavlović, Kitonić, Miko & Franjević, 2020) comb. nov. Male holotype. A. Habitus in lateral view. B. Habitus in dorsal view. C. Labels. Photos: M. París.

FIGURE 134. Notocerus devriesei (Skejo, Medak, Pavlović, Kitonić, Miko & Franjević, 2020) comb. nov. Male paratype. A. Habitus in lateral view. B. Habitus in dorsal view. C. Labels. Photos: M. París.

FIGURE 135. Notocerus devriesei (Skejo, Medak, Pavlović, Kitonić, Miko & Franjević, 2020) comb. nov. Female paratype. A. Habitus in lateral view. B. Habitus in dorsal view. C. Frons. D. Terminalia in lateral and E. in ventral view. D. Labels. Photos: M. París.

FIGURE 136. Guntheritettix formidbilis (Günther, 1974) comb. nov. Female holotype. A. Habitus in lateral view. B. Habitus in dorsal view. C. Frons. D. Labels. Photos: C. Hervé (MNHN).

FIGURE 138. Guntheritettix formidbilis (Günther, 1974) comb. nov. Female not a type.A. Habitus in lateral view. B. Habitus in dorsal view. C. Frons. D. Labels. Photos: S. Hugel.