Apisa (P.) cinereocostata Holland, 1893

Pasnik, Anna, Tarcz, Sebastian & Przybylowicz, Lukasz, 2023, A review of the subgenus Parapisa of Apisa (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae) with description of a remarkable species from Cameroonian Highlands, Arthropod Systematics & amp; Phylogeny 81, pp. 371-394 : 371

Apisa (P.) cinereocostata Holland, 1893

Figs 4C , 5B , 6C , 7B , 12 , 13B , 14C-D

Apisa cinereo-costata Holland, 1893, Psyche, 6: 394 t. typica: Valley of the Ogove River

Apisa bourgognei Kiriakoff, 1952: 173-175; synonymized by Przybyłowicz (2009)

Material examined.

Holotype ♂: Gabon: “Kangwé, Ogové Riv., W. Africa [leg.] A. C. Good ", GS P374 [CMNH].

Other material.

(84 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀) ♂ West Africa, Liberia, Gbarpolu County, Gola National Forest, Kungbor , Nordrand , 401m, 7°38'54,683"N, 10°34'35,154"W, Lichtfang, 1.6.2017, leg. Michael Ochse ; ♂ same but OP215983 , ♂ same but OP215984 , GS P328; ♂ same but OP215985 , GS P329; ♂ same but 31.5.2017, GS P330; ♂ same but OP215986 , GS P331; ♂ same but OP215987 ; ♂ same but OP215992 ; ♂ same but 1.6.2017, OP216018 , GS P332; ♂ same but OP216019 , GS P333; ♂ same but OP216020 , GS P334; ♂ same but 6.6.2017, GS P335; ♂ same but OP216021 , GS P336; ♂ same but 30.5.2017, OP216022 , GS P337; ♂ same but 29.5.2017, OM523171 , GS P338; ♂ same but 2.6.2017, OP215988 ; ♂ same but OP215989 ; ♂ same but OP215990 , GS P339; ♂ same but Radiostation , 460m, 7°38'53,212"N, 10°34'26,907"W, Lichtfang, 4.6.2017, leg. Michael Ochse; (coll. Ochse later ZSM) ; ♂ West Africa, Liberia, Grand Cape Mount County, Gola National Forest, Iseral , 7°22'52.65"N, 10°51'8.73"W, 232m, Light attraction, October 18th, 2012, leg. Michael Ochse; BC ZSM LeP76644, OP215991 ; (coll. Ochse later ZSM) ; ♂ Liberia Nimba Mountains, Mount Gangra summit, 7°32'45.82"N, 8°38'9.36"W, 17-25.III.2017, Leg.: Sáfián, Sz., Simonics, G., OP216023 , GS P375; ♂ Liberia Nimba Mountains, Mount Gangra western slope, 7°33'29.73"N, 8°38'16.40"W, 16-17.III.2017, Leg.: Sáfián, Sz., Simonics, G., OP216024 ; ♀ same but OP216025 ; GS P376; ♀ same but OP216026 ; (ANHRT) ; ♂ Liberia, Grand Gedeh, County, Putu Range , 19-31.XII.2010, Leg.: Sáfián, Sz., Zakar, E., GS S469; (ISEA PAS) ; ♂ Liberia 700m, ENNR, Nimba Mts., Cellcom Rd. , 7°32'47.5"N, 8°32'1.33"W, 10-24.iii.2017 Light trap (250w blended bulb) & cold cathode UV light bucket trap (8w), Sáfián, Sz., Simonics, G. Leg., ANHRT: 2017.36, ANHRTUK 00051002, OP216027 , GS P340; ♂ Liberia 1000-1100m, ENNR, Nimba Mts., Cellcom Rd. , 7°32'45.9"N, 8°31'21"W, 12-16.iii.2017 Light trap (250w blended bulb) & cold cathode UV light bucket trap (8w), Sáfián, Sz., Simonics, G. Leg.; ANHRTUK 00022983, Ex. Coll. Sz. Sáfián, ANHRT: 2017.36, GS P341 ; ♂ Liberia 508m, Nimba County, Yekepa residental area, 7°34'26.3"N, 8°32'31.6"W, ex-Pupa hatched on: 10-31.iii.2017, Sáfián, Sz., leg.; ANHRTUK 00023404; Ex. Coll. Sz. Sáfián, ANHRT: 2017.36, GS P342; (ANHRT) ; ♂ Westafrika, Guinea, Guinée Forestiére, 27 km südlich Bounouma , Foret Classee du Dieke , 7°27 ’52.20” N, 8°50'36.60"W, 482m, Lichtfang , 7. Juni 2013, leg. Michael Ochse, Falter für Publikation fotografiert, OP216028 ; ♂ Westafrika, Guinea, Haute Guinée, 8 km nördlich Konsankoro , 9°6 ’18.99” N, 8°0'42.06"W, 575m, Lichtfang , 7 Juni 2013, leg. Michael Ochse; (coll. Ochse later ZSM) ; ♂ W-Africa, Guinea, Konakri, Macenta Prefecture, Ziama Forest , 550m, 250 watt, April 2017, leg. Petányi G; Muller GC; Kravchenko VD et al., Thomas Witt Stiftung, GS P343; (Coll. R. Fiebig later ZSM) ; ♂ Guinea 1536m, Nimba Mts, 600 forest SMFG, concession area ( Société des Mines de Fer de Guineé) Mont Pierre Richeaud (montane forest), 7°39 ’49.31” N, 8°22'20.06"W 21-30.viii.2017 Light trap (250w blened bulb) & cold cathode UV light bucket trap (8w), Sáfián, Sz., Simonics, G, leg, ANHRT: 2017.36; ANHRTUK 00051005, OP216029 , GS P344; ♂ same but ANHRTUK 00051003, OP216030 ; ♂ ANHRTUK 00051004, OP216031 ; (ANHRT) ; ♂ Guinea 700m, Nimba Mts, SMFG concession area ( Société des Mines de Fer de Guineé) Cité 1, 7°42 ’2.83” N, 8°23'58.60"W, 16-25.vii 2017 General coll at Light Sáfián, Sz. Leg., ANHRT: 2017.36; ANHRTUK 00050212; Ex. Coll. Sz. Sáfián, ANHRT: 2017.36, GS P345; (ANHRT) ; ♂ Afrika, Guinée, Coyah , 1963.VIII.22., Dr. K.Ferencz (ISEA PAS) ; ♂ West Africa, Guinea Konakri, Macenta Prefecture Ziama Forest , 550m, 17.11- 01.12.2016 Generator 250 Watt, Leg. Petrányi G; Muller, GC; Kravchenko VD et al., GS P346; (Coll. R. Fiebig later ZSM) ; ♂ Westafrika, Guinea Haute Guinée, 8 km, nördlich Konsankoro , 9°6 ’18.99” N, 9°0'42.06"W, 575m, Lichtfang , 4. Juni 2013, leg. Michael Ochse, GS P347 ; ♂ same but OP215993 , GS P348; (Coll. Ochse later ZSM); ♂ Guinea Konakri, Macenta Prefecture, Ziama Forest 550m, Mt Nimba , Mav. 2017, leg. GC Muller VD Kravchenko & G Petranyi, GS P349; (Coll. R. Fiebig later ZSM) ; ♂ Ghana, Volta Region, Likpe Bakua , 05-06.IX.2010, Leg.: Dall’Astra, U., Dall’Astra A. & Sáfián, Sz., OP215994 ; (ISEA PAS) ; ♂ Ghana. Western: Bia Forest , 250m, 6km. W. Adwufia, 12-13.x.2007, Knud Larsen, GS P377 ; ♂ Ghana. Northern : Mole 150m . 8 km, N. of Gate , 16.iii.2010, Knud Larsen & Wojciech Kubasik, GS P378; (Coll. KL) ; ♂ Ghana. Northern : Mole 150m . 8 km, N. of Gate , 16.iii.2010 Wojciech Kubasik, OP215995 ; (ISEA PAS) ; ♂ Ghana. Western: Jomoro , Ankasa, 90m. 2-3.v.2007, leg. Knud Larsen, GS P379; (Coll. KL); ♂ Ghana, Bunso , 2009.X.31, leg.: Sz. Sáfián, OP215996 ; (ISEA PAS) ; ♂ Ghana. Eastern: Bunso 4 km. S. 300m, 21.-23.iii.2010, Knud Larsen & Wojciech Kubasik, OP215997 , GS P380; (Coll. KL); ♀ Ghana, Eastern Region, Bunso Arboretum X.2011, leg.: Sáfián, Sz., OP215998 ; GS S475; ♂ Ghana, Central Region, Rainforest Lodge, Kakum National Park , XII.2011 Leg.: Sáfián, Sz., OP215999 ; (ISEA PAS) ; ♂ Ghana, Western Region, Visitor Centre, Ankasa National Park , 27-30.XI.2011, Leg.: Dall’Astra, U., Sáfian, Sz., Ochse, M .; ♂ same but OP216000 , GS P350; (Coll. Ochse later ZSM); ♂ R.W. Goff Kotu Gambia 13°27 ’22” N, 16°14'23"W, ANHRTUK 00051010 ; ♂ R.W. Goff Tanji Gambia 13°22 ’52” N, 16°46'83"W, ANHRTUK 00051007 ; ♂ same but 13°22' N, 16°46'W, ANHRTUK 00051013; ♂ R.W. Goff Kuloro Gambia 13°17 ’54” N, 16°34'10"W, ANHRTUK 00051009, OP216001 ; ♂ R.W. Goff Abuko Gambia 13°23 ’41” N, 16°38'45"W, ANHRTUK 00051012, OP216002 ; ♂ Sierra Leone 120m, Tiwai Island, Moa River , 07°33'00"N 11°21'09"W, 17-22.vi.2016 Light trap, leg. Takano Miles & Goff, ANHRT 2017.18, ANHRTUK 00020750, OP216003 ; ♂ Sierra Leone 420m, Loma Mountains , farmland/forest mosaic, N 09°07'47"N 11°05'24"W, 11-15.vi.2016 Light Trap, leg. Takano, Miles & Goff, ANHRT: 2017.18, ANHRTUK 00017145, OP216004 , GS P351; ♂ same but ANHRTUK 00017144; OP216010 ; GS P352; ♂ R.W.Goff. Baoma, Goderich , Sierra Leone, 8°25'41"N 13°15'47"W, ANHRTUK 00051017, OP216005 ; ♂ same but ANHRTUK 00051018, OP216006 , GS P352; ♂ same but ANHRTUK 00051016, OP216007 , GS P353; ♂ same but ANHRTUK 00051015, OP216008 , GS P354; ♂ same but ANHRTUK 00051014, OP216009 , GS P355; (ANHRT); ♂ Nigeria, Kaduna, 14.X.1971, leg. H. Politzar, Stsslg München; (ZSM) ; ♂ Nigeria, Bendel State, Okomu F. Res. , 27.05.1984, leg. J Wojtusiak ; ♂ same but 19.05.1984; (ISEA PAS); ♂ Nigeria Owena , 18.6.60, m H9; (ISEA PAS) ; ♂ Ivory Coast, 174m, Tai NP., Tai Research Station (SRET), 05°50'00"N 07°20'32.0"W, 25.iii-17.iv.2017, MV light, Aristophanus, A., Aristophanus, M., Geiser, M., Moretto, P., leg., ANHRT: 2017.25, ANHRTUK 00046056, OP216011 ; ♂ same but ANHRTUK 00047970, GS P356; (ANHRT); ♂ Afrique occ. Fr. Cote d’Ivoire, Bingerville , Melou G. 13.04.1914 ; ♂ same but GS P357; (ZIN); ♂ Ivory Coast, Grand Besebl , 12.-14.3.86, leg. Dr. Polltzar; ex coll. Politzar, GS P358; (ZSM) ; ♂ Cote d’Ivoire, Ayamé II, Barrage de la Bia, 6/ 9-V-1964, Griveaud et Piart ; ♂ same but 9-12.I.1964; GS P359; (RMCA); ♂ R. Goff. Abuko, Nature Reerve, Nr Compound. 13°22'22"N 16°38'55"W, ANHRTUK 00051011 ; ♂ same but ANHRTUK 00051008; (ANHRT); ♂ Southern Mali, 80 km SW of Bamako, 360 m, a. s. l., Near Kenieroba, River Niger , 28.07.2017, leg. Muller, K. Kravchenko, M. Traore & al., Museum Witt ,; ♂ same but OP216017 , GS P360; ♂ same but OP216016 , GS P361; ♂ same but OP216015 , GS P362; ♂ same but OP216014 , GS P363; ♂ same but OP216013 , GS P364; (MWM); ♂ Northern Mali, Mopti region, Dogon Plateau , Bandiagara , 450-750m, 28.07.2017, leg. Muller, K. Kravchenko, M. Traore & al., Museum Witt, OP216012 , GS P365; (MWM); ♂ Mali, Mopti region, Dogon Plateau, Bandagara , 450-850 m, January 2013, leg. Muller & K. Kravchenko, Museum Witt, GS P366 ; ♂ same but 450-750 m, November 2015, GS P367; (MWM); ♀ Southern Mali, 80 km SW of Bamako, near Kenieroba river Niger, 360m, December 2015, leg. Muller, K. Kravchenko, M. Traore & al. Museum Witt, OP216032 , GS P368; (MWM); ♂ Angola, Huambo Prov., rd. Huambo - Caconada, E Catata , 1667 m, 13°23 ’58.6” S 15°26 ’54.1” E, 25.XI.2017, leg. S. Naumann, E, Ott & H. Sulak, Museum Witt, GS P369; (MWM)

Redescription (based on a male HT).

Forewing length 12 mm. - Head. Frons and vertex creamy white; labial palpus darker, three segmented of which second is the longest and the third directed downwards, covered with short scales broader than those covering head; scapus creamy white; flagellum bipectinate, concolorous with scapus; flagellomeres honey, ramii in medial part four times as long as antenna width; eye convex, indistinctly ovoid. - Thorax. Vestiture unicolorous creamy white expressing darker or lighter tint depending on the illumination; legs of the same uniform coloration; epiphysis reaching 2/3 of the foretibia length; mid and hind tibia with a pair of short, terminal spurs. - Abdomen. Entirely creamy white, concolorous with the rest of the body. Upperside similar to underside. - Forewing. Dull, subhyaline especially in middle zone, almost opaque along margins and in the outer third of the wing length, covered with creamy white, intermixed scales of two different shapes, elongate needle-like and flattened with distinctly triangle-concaved terminal margin; veins and subcostal zone up to DC slightly darker, costa ochraceous; cilia creamy white; R1 separated from R2-R5 but glued-like to R stem for most of its length; M2-M3 from one point; distances between M3- CuA1 and CuA1-CuA2 similar; 1A+2A markedly convex towards DC in one third of its length; coloration of underside similar to upperside, retinaculum present. - Hindwing. Coloration somewhat paler than in forewing; cilia almost white, Rs-M1 completely fused.

Male genitalia.

(Figs 4C , 12 ) Tegumen rather narrow, slightly broadened laterally. Vinculum much narrower than tegumen, widely fused with its lateral arms. Uncus well developed, provided dorsally and sublaterally with numerous setae, gradually narrowing up to 3/4 of its length then widened forming forked termination almost as broad as base of uncus; terminal concavity broad, widely U-shaped with a pair of indistinct teeth on distal margin. Valva subsquare, approximately half length of uncus, terminal margin concave medially; outer portion of costa provided with several rather short, stiff setae; costa subbasally with a sword-like, prominent, sclerotized protrusion about 4-5 times longer than its width at base. Juxta in form of weakly sclerotized, submedial plate fused in the subventral margin of valva. Transtilla lateral arms weakly sclerotized, almost invisible, submedian portion enlarged, fused with juxta and forming prominent, tubular, sclerotized anellus. Saccus terminating into a sclerotized process widely rounded at tip, about twice as long as broad. Phallus straight and short. Vesica membranous with a single thorn-like cornutus in basal portion.

Female genitalia.

(Figs 5B , 6C ) Papillae anales longer than broad, sparsely covered with protruding setae denser towards terminal portion; apophyses posteriores of similar length as papillae anales, narrow, dully ended; apophyses anteriores shorter than papillae anales, narrow; dorsal pheromone glands in form of two separate, elongate, membranous, irregular shape pouches; ventral pheromone glands with single opening then separated into finger-like, irregular pouches narrower than dorsal pheromone glands; ductus bursae membranous, straight, subbasal portion narrower then widened in one third of the length; ductus seminalis slender originating from the widening; corpus bursae subsquare, delicate; signum located in proximal portion of corpus bursae, longitudinal, sclerotized, granulate, in form of elongate irregular plate at least twice as long as broad; sternite VII subrectangular with laterodistal zone membraneous and submedial portion partly surrounding ostium sclerotized and Y-shaped, Y-shaped emargination wider than long.

Variation.

Very variable species in the intensity of dark tint of the body. The holotype male represents the pale, almost ‘whitish’ colour morph while some specimens can be much darker up to almost completely ochraceous with all intermediate forms. The darker, indistinct pattern can be also observed in the pale specimens especially on different portions of head as frons or vertex. The male genitalia also express significant variation in morphology of uncus and especially the development and perspicuity of its forked termination. The detailed examination of detected variability is elaborated in the discussion part of the article.

Sexual dimorphism.

The female differs from the male by much shorter rami of antenna which are twice as long as the width of the antenna and by shorter epiphysis reaching at most 2/3 of the foretibia length.

Distribution.

(Fig. 11 ) Angola, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Mali, Sierra Leone.

Comments.

The details of the holotype locality are extracted from the label and were not published together with the original description.

Figures

Figure 4. Overview of the genital apparatus of males A. (P.) subargentea (A), A. (P.) asipa sp. nov. (B) and Apisa (P.) cinereocostata (C).

Figure 5. Compilation of female genital organs A. (P.) asipa sp. nov. (A), A. (P.) cinereocostata (B), A. (P.) subargentea (C).

Figure 6. Details of female genitalia with both a marked antrum and a sclerotization of VII sternite. The arrow marks the location and sclerotization of the sternite. From left A. (P.) asipa sp. nov. (A), A. (P.) subargentea (B), A. (P.) cinereocostata (C).

Figure 7. Differences in the scale morphology of wing region between CuA 1 and CuA 2 near DC of A. subargentea (A) (tightly fitting), Apisa cinereocostata (B) (loosely fitting) and A. asipa sp. nov. (C) (sparse).

Figure 11. Distribution of Apisa (P.) cinereocostata and Apisa (P.) asipa sp. nov. Orange dots represent the localities of A. (P.) cinereocostata, purple dots A. (P.) asipa sp. nov., blue dots A. (P.) subargentea. The blue triangles indicate the literature location of A. (P.) subargentea.

Figure 12. Overview of variation in the bifid termination of uncus in A. (P.) cinereocostata. Arranged from the broadest forms, with well developed lateral arms towards the dwarf forms.

Figure 13. SEM image showing the differences between scale shape of Apisa (P.) subargentea (A) (flattened, convex termination), A. (P.) cinereocostata (B) (flattened, concave termination) and A. (P.) asipa sp. nov. (C) (narrow, needle-like).

Figure 14. Differences in the forewing transparency. Apisa (P.) asipa sp. nov. (A), wing transparent; A. (P.) subargentea (B), wing opaque; A. (P.) cinereocostata (C, D), wing semitransparent.