Zolina, Sharp, 1886

Larochelle, Larivière, Marie-Claude, Larochelle & Larivière, 2017, Synopsis of the tribe Zolini in New Zealand (Coleoptera: Carabidae), Insecta Mundi 2017 (594), pp. 1-110 : 6-7

Subtribe Zolina

Description ( New Zealand). Aedeagus with basal orifice closed anteriorly; basal bulb without lateral lobes.

References. Jeannel 1940: 93 (as Oopterini , new tribe); Liebherr and Will 1998: 107–170 (as Oopterina ; phylogeny); Larochelle and Larivière 2001: 73–79 (as Oopterina ; catalogue); Roig-Juñent and Cicchino 2001: 651–670 (as Zolina ; phylogeny, key to subtribes); Lorenz 2005: 201 (as Oopterini , a junior synonym of Zolina ); Larochelle and Larivière 2007: 44–45 (as Oopterina ; catalogue), 2016: 20–21 (as Zolina ; list).

Remarks. Two New Zealand genera ( Zolus Broun , Oopterus Guérin-Méneville ) share the genitalic characters assigned to Zolina by Jeannel (1940; as Oopterini ), as well as by Roig-Juñent and Cicchino (2001): aedeagus with basal orifice closed anteriorly; basal bulb without lateral lobes. See Roig-Juñent and Cicchino (2001) for comments on the priority of the subtribal name Zolina over Oopterina .

Genus Zolus Sharp, 1886 , reinstated

Fig. 19–23 , 66–70 , 154–161

Zolus Sharp, 1886: 371 . Synonymized with Oopterus Guérin-Méneville, 1841 by Jeannel (1942: 92); reinstated as full genus by Larochelle and Larivière (2001: 78); incorrectly reinstated as a junior synonym of Oopterus by Larochelle and Larivière (2007: 44). Reinstated as full genus

Type species. Zolus helmsi Sharp, 1886 , by monotypy.

Description. Body length 7.0– 10.1 mm; not ovate, narrowed around bases of pronotum and elytra. Color mostly dark. Metallic luster absent. Dorsal surface mostly glabrous. Head. Narrow or moderately wide. Mandibles moderately long. Labrum slightly emarginate or subtruncate anteriorly. Eyes convex; a single setiferous puncture posteriorly (two setiferous punctures on inner side of each eye in Z. subopacus ). Antennae subfiliform. Tempora not inflated. Mentum tooth entire (acute apically). Ligula with two fused setae. Thorax. Pronotum subquadrate (cordate in Z. wongi ); lateral grooves present; setiferous punctures absent on each side (a single puncture present in Z. opacus and Z. unisetosus ); posterolateral carinae present; base narrower than apex, about as wide as apex or wider than apex. Scutellum visible, inserted entirely between elytral bases. Legs. Very long (moderately long in Z. subopacus ). Segments 1+2 of male protarsi with a single row of ventral scales. Elytra. Ovate, subovate, or oblong. Basal margin complete, reaching about scutellum (incomplete, reaching about interval 4 in Z. subopacus ). Shoulders well developed, rounded, obtuse or oblique. Scutellar setiferous pore present, inserted at junction of striae 1+2. Scutellar striole present (obsolete in Z. subopacus ). Striae complete (almost complete in Z. subopacus ), consisting of lines; three discal setiferous punctures in stria 3 or on interval 3; recurrent stria directed apically toward stria 5, 6 or 7. Subapical seta present. Apical seta present. Sutural apices rounded. Abdomen. Last visible sternum (sternum VII): male with two apical ambulatory setae; female with four apical ambulatory setae. Aedeagus. Lateral view: dorsal membranous area moderately wide or very wide (narrow in Z. subopacus ). Dorsal view ( Fig. 15 ): very wide (moderately wide in Z. subopacus ); basal orifice wide (narrow in Z. subopacus ), closed anteriorly, moderately or very distant from membranous area; lateral lobes of basal bulb absent. Parameres with four to seven apical setae. Right paramere rather straight (curved in other zoline genera), moderately long and wide, twisted medially (untwisted in other zoline genera).

References. Larochelle and Larivière 2001: 73–79 (as Oopterus and Zolus ; catalogue), 2007: 44–45 (as Oopterus ; description, ecology, geographic distribution, references), 2016: 20–21 (as Oopterus ; list).

Remarks. The genus Zolus Sharp, 1886 was previously synonymized with Oopterus . This taxon is resurrected from synonymy here on the basis of the rather straight, moderately long, wide, and medially twisted right paramere of the aedeagus, a character unifying included species and distinguishing Zolus from Oopterus . In addition, Zolus species share the following external characters: rather large, body length 7.0– 10.1 mm; color dark; eyes convex, antennae subfiliform; pronotum subquadrate, with lateral grooves and posterolateral carinae. The genus Zolus now includes three newly described species, two species previously described in Zolus , and one species originally described in Oopterus . The taxonomic names Zolus helmsi and Z. subopacus are here reinstated to their original combinations.

Figures

Figures 19–22. Dorsal habitus. 19) Zolus subopacus. 20) Z. kauriensis new species, teneral. 21) Z. carinatus. 22) Z. helmsi. Scale line = 1 mm.

Figures 23–26. Dorsal habitus. 23) Zolus wongi new species. 24) Oopterus suavis. 25) O. laevicollis. 26) O. quadripunctatus new species. Scale line = 1 mm.

Figures 66–73. Aedeagi, lateral. 66) Zolus subopacus. 67) Z. kauriensis new species. 68) Z. carinatus. 69) Z. helmsi. 70) Z. wongi new species. 71) Oopterus suavis. 72) O. laevicollis. 73) O. quadripunctatus new species.

Figures 154–158. Species distribution maps. 154) Zolus carinatus. 155) Z. helmsi. 156) Z. kauriensis new species. 157) Z. subopacus. 158) Z. wongi new species.

Figures 159–161. Zolus unisetosus new species. 159) Dorsal habitus. Scale line = 1 mm. 160) Aedeagus, lateral. 161) Distribution map.

Figures 1–18. Microsculpture: 1) isodiametric; 2) moderately transverse; 3) very transverse. Ligula: 4) with two fused setae; 5) four setae (medial setae fused); 6) six setae (medial setae fused). Mentum tooth: 7) entire, acute; 8) entire, rounded; 9) entire, truncate; 10) bifid. Elytral apex: 11) subapical seta present; 12) subapical seta absent. Right paramere: 13) straight, twisted medially; 14) curved, untwisted. Aedeagus, dorsal: 15) basal orifice closed anteriorly; 16–18) basal orifice open anteriorly.