Zolini, Sharp, 1886

Larochelle, Larivière, Marie-Claude, Larochelle & Larivière, 2017, Synopsis of the tribe Zolini in New Zealand (Coleoptera: Carabidae), Insecta Mundi 2017 (594), pp. 1-110 : 3-4

Tribe Zolini

Description ( New Zealand). Body length 2.8–10.1 mm; not pedunculate. Head. Mandibles with setiferous puncture in scrobe. Labrum slightly emarginate anteriorly (rarely subtruncate). Frontal furrows not extended to posterior margin of eyes. Eyes present; a single setiferous puncture (posteriorly) or two punctures on inner side of each eye (without puncture in Oopterus suavis ). Tempora inflated or not. Clypeus with a setiferous puncture on each side. Antennae submoniliform (subfiliform in Oopterus arthurensis , O. ocularius , O. trechoides , and genus Zolus ); segment 1 (scape) with a few setae, segment 2 with numerous setae, segments 3–11 densely pubescent; segments 2–10 with verticillate setae. Mentum: medial tooth present; circular foveae absent; two setae present. Mentum-submentum suture present (absent in Pseudoopterus plicaticollis ). Submentum with four setae. Ligula with two fused setae ( Oopterus , Zolus , Pseudoopterus (in part)), four setae (two medial setae fused, two lateral setae free in Maungazolus ) or six setae (two medial setae fused, four lateral setae free in Pseudoopterus plicaticollis and Synteratus ). Palpi: terminal segment conical, glabrous, obtuse at tip; penultimate maxillary segment with numerous long setae; penultimate labial segment with two setae on anterior margin. Thorax. Pronotum with or without lateral groove between lateral margin and laterobasal fovea; usually two setiferous punctures on each side or without puncture (rarely with a single setiferous puncture anteriorly or posteriorly); posterolateral carinae present or absent. Scutellum visible, inserted entirely between elytral bases (invisible, concealed under pronotal base in Synteratus ). Legs. Protibiae without outer apical prolongation. Tarsi pubescent dorsally; basal segments 1+2 of male protarsi asymmetrical, dentate and dilated on inner side; claws entire ventrally; unguitractor plate invisible between tarsal claws. Elytra. Fused along suture (hindwings vestigial). Basal margin complete (reaching about scutellum) or incomplete (reaching about stria 3 or 4). Discal setiferous punctures present. Stria 1 recurrent at apex (curving back like a hook as in Trechini and Bembidiini (Tachyina)). Subapical seta present (absent in Maungazolus pygmeatus and Oopterus clivinoides ). Umbilicate series separated into two major groups (four+five), with posterior group rather continuous. Radial field without fine, dense pubescence. Sutural apices obtuse or rounded. Epipleura twisted (with inner fold or plica) near apex. Abdomen. Apex invisible dorsally. Sterna IV–VI with paired ambulatory setae only. Aedeagus. Basal orifice of aedeagus closed anteriorly ( Oopterus , Zolus ) or open anteriorly ( Maungazolus , Pseudoopterus , Synteratus ). Right paramere curved, very long, narrow, untwisted medially ( Maungazolus , Oopterus , Pseudoopterus , Synteratus ) or rather straight, moderately long and wide, twisted medially ( Zolus ). Left paramere subtriangular.

References. Johns 1974: 297–300 (revision, subantarctic islands); Maddison et al. 1999: 103–138 (molecular phylogeny); Larochelle and Larivière 2001: 73–79 (catalogue); Roig-Juñent and Cicchino 2001: 651–670 (phylogeny, key to subtribes); Lorenz 2005: 201 (world catalogue); Larochelle and Larivière 2007: 44–45 (taxonomy); Maddison and Ober 2011: 229–260 (molecular phylogeny); Baehr 2016: 39–45 (as Zolini or Merizodini ; Australia, new taxa); Larochelle and Larivière 2016: 20–21 (list).