Enicospilus shinkanus (Uchida, 1928)

Shimizu, So, Broad, Gavin R. & Maeto, Kaoru, 2020, Integrative taxonomy and analysis of species richness patterns of nocturnal Darwin wasps of the genus Enicospilus Stephens (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Ophioninae) in Japan, ZooKeys 990, pp. 1-144 : 1

Enicospilus shinkanus (Uchida, 1928) Figure 45

Henicospilus shinkanus Uchida, 1928: 217; HT ♀ from Taiwan, SEHU, examined.

Henicospilus yamanakai Uchida, 1930: 83; HT ♀ from Japan, SEHU, examined; syn. nov.

Henicospilus pankumensis Cheesman, 1936: 184; HT ♀ from Vanuatu, NHMUK, examined; synonymised by Gauld and Mitchell (1981: 361).

Enicospilus relictus Chiu, 1954: 20; HT ♀ from Taiwan, TARI, examined; synonymised by Gauld and Mitchell (1981: 361).

Enicospilus (Unicorniata) bindus Nikam, 1972: 194; HT ♀ from India, MUC, not examined; synonymised by Gauld and Mitchell (1981: 361).

Specimens examined.

Total of 87 specimens (64♀♀21♂♂ and 2 unsexed): Chagos archipelago (2♀♀10♂♂ and 2 unsexed), India (40♀♀5♂♂), Japan (18♀♀3♂♂), Solomon Islands (1♀1♂), Taiwan (2♀♀2♂♂), Vanuatu (1♀).

Type series: HT ♀ of Henicospilus shinkanus Uchida, 1928, Sugar Ex. St., TAIWAN (SEHU); HT ♀ of Henicospilus yamanakai Uchida, 1930, Izuôshima Is., Tôkyô, Kantô-Kôshin, JAPAN, 10.IX.1926, M. Yamanaka leg. (SEHU); HT ♀ of Enicospilus relictus Chiu, 1954, Kotosho, TAIWAN, III-IV.1932, S. Hirayama leg. (TARI); HT ♀ of Henicospilus pankumensis Cheesman, 1936, Santo, New Hebrides [= VANUATU], VIII-IX.1929, L.E. Cheesman leg. (NHMUK, Type 3b.1239).

Distribution.

Australasian, Eastern Palaearctic, Oceanic, and Oriental regions ( Yu et al. 2016).

JAPAN: [ Hokkaidô]*; [Hokuriku] Niigata*; [ Kantô-Kôshin] Tôkyô *; [ Tôkai] Shizuoka*; [ Chûgoku] Hiroshima*; [ Kyûshû] Kagoshima*; [ Ryûkyûs] Kagoshima* and Okinawa ( Chiu 1954; Momoi 1970; present study). *New records.

Bionomics.

No host records from Japan. Reported as a parasitoid of Dendrolimus punctatus (Walker) ( Lasiocampidae ) in China ( Tang 1990).

Differential diagnosis.

According to Gauld and Mitchell (1981), this species is very similar to E. rufus ( Brullé, 1846), but distinguished by its longer fore wing fenestra (Fig. 45F ). It is also sometimes confused with E. sakaguchii due to their similar clypeus shape (i.e., flat, projecting apically above mandibles in profile, as in Figs 41D and 45D ) and absence of the fore wing central sclerite (Figs 41F , 45F ), but easily distinguished by many mandibular characters, such as the mandible rather long in E. shinkanus (Fig. 45B, D ) but very short and stout in E. sakaguchii (Fig. 41B, D ); and outer mandibular surface smooth in E. shinkanus (Fig. 45D ) but with a diagonal setose groove in E. sakaguchii (Fig. 41B, D ).

Remarks.

The holotype of Henicospilus yamanakai Uchida, 1930 was examined and identified as E. shinkanus . Hence, H. yamanakai syn. nov. is newly synonymised with E. shinkanus .

Figures

Figure 41. Enicospilus sakaguchii (Matsumura & Uchida, 1926) ♀ from Japan A habitus B head, frontal view C head, dorsal view D head, lateral view E mesosoma, lateral view F central part of fore wing.

Figure 45. Enicospilus shinkanus (Uchida, 1928) ♀ from Japan A habitus B head, frontal view C head, dorsal view D head, lateral view E mesosoma, lateral view F central part of fore wing.