Barbaria paucigranulata, 2022

Gąsiorek, Piotr, Wilamowski, Andrzej, Vončina, Katarzyna & Michalczyk, Łukasz, 2022, Neotropical jewels in the moss: biodiversity, distribution and evolution of the genus Barbaria (Heterotardigrada: Echiniscidae), Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 195, pp. 1037-1066 : 1042-1047

publication ID	https://doi.org/ 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab087
publication LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:pub:87E03803-7D69-4393-93CD-24A39D607972
DOI	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6993207
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A11E6BDF-7E2A-4F0A-BD6A-9BC87FCE147A
taxon LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:act:A11E6BDF-7E2A-4F0A-BD6A-9BC87FCE147A
treatment provided by	Plazi
scientific name	Barbaria paucigranulata
status	SP. NOV.

Treatment

BARBARIA PAUCIGRANULATA WILAMOWSKI, View in CoL

VONČINA, GĄSIOREK & MICHALCZYK, SP. NOV.

( FIGS 1–3 View Figure 1 View Figure 2 View Figure 3 , 7I View Figure 7 , 8I View Figure 8 , 9I View Figure 9 , 10I View Figure 10 , 11K, L; TABLES View Figure 11 3, 4)

Zoobank registration: u r n: l s i d: z o o b a n k. org:act: A11E6BDF-7E2A-4F0A-BD6A-9BC87FCE147A

Morphometric data: w w w. t a r d i g r a d a. n e t / register/0109.htm

Type material: Holotype (adult female, slide AR.303.02) and GoogleMaps 12 paratypes (eight adult females on slides AR.302.02, AR.303.01, 3, 5–6 and four juveniles on slides AR.303.03–4). Found together with B. ollantaytamboensis .

Type locality: 24°47′14″S, 65°43 ′30″W, 2150 m asl: Argentina, Salta Province, Rosario de Lerma Department, vicinity of Río Rosario GoogleMaps ; lichen on rock in a shrubland (see also Table 1 View Table 1 ).

Etymology: From Latin paucus, few, and granulatus, grained, alluding to the scarcity of epicuticular granulation on the dorsal plates. An adjective in nominative singular.

Description: Adult females (i.e. from the third instar onwards, measurements in Table 3 View Table 3 ). Dark orange body with large red eyes; the pigment and eyes dissolve quickly after mounting in Hoyer’s medium. Body massive with stumpy limbs ( Figs 1A, B View Figure 1 , 2 View Figure 2 ). Cylindrical, Echiniscus - type cephalic papillae (secondary clavae) and (primary) clavae; cirri embedded in bulbous cirrophores ( Fig. 3D View Figure 3 ). Cirrus A is short (<20% of the body length) and with evident, but small cirrophore ( Fig. 1A, B View Figure 1 ).

Dorsal plate sculpturing of the bigranulata - type, comprising minute, poorly developed pillars (pseudogranulation) and pores ( Figs 1C View Figure 1 , 2 View Figure 2 , 3A–C View Figure 3 , 7I View Figure 7 , 8I View Figure 8 , 9I View Figure 9 , 10I View Figure 10 ). Pillars are densely packed and additionally interconnected by thin striae in the scapular ( Fig. 7I View Figure 7 ) and caudal (terminal) plates ( Fig. 10I View Figure 10 ). Pores are slightly larger in the scapular plate, median plate1, posterior portion of median plate 2 and centroposterior portions of paired segmental plates compared with posterolateral portions of paired segmental plates and the caudal plate ( Figs 1 View Figure 1 , 2 View Figure 2 ); pores of similar diameter are rarely present in the entire dorsum. Pores are always absent in the anterior portion of median plate 2 ( Fig. 8I View Figure 8 ), paired segmental plates ( Fig. 9I View Figure 9 ) and the entirety of median plate 3; and all these areas are covered with epicuticular, multangular granules. Lateralmost portions of the scapular and paired segmental plates can be poreless or with single minute pores ( Figs 1A, B View Figure 1 , 2 View Figure 2 ). The cephalic plate is large, with a pronounced chalice-shaped anterior incision and with only pillars in the posterior portion of the plate. A broad and strongly sclerotized cervical plate is divided into sculptured anterior portion and smooth posterior portion bordering with the scapular plate ( Figs 1A View Figure 1 , 2A View Figure 2 ). Lateral sutures in the scapular plate demarcate lateralmost, trapezoidal portions ( Figs 1A, B View Figure 1 , 2B View Figure 2 ). Median plates 1 and 3 are unipartite (the latter with strongly developed granules), median plate 2 is bipartite ( Fig. 8I View Figure 8 ). Paired segmental plates are without transverse unsculptured bands, as epicuticular granules of anterior portion transition gradually into pillars of the posterior portions ( Fig. 9I View Figure 9 ). The caudal plate with short, poorly sclerotized incisions and no signs of faceting ( Figs 1A View Figure 1 , 2 View Figure 2 , 10I View Figure 10 ). Ventral cuticle with minute endocuticular pillars ( Fig. 11K View Figure 11 ) distributed evenly throughout the entire venter, lacking plates, beside of rarely developed subcephalic plates ( Fig. 3D View Figure 3 ). Sexpartite gonopore placed anteriorly to a trilobed anus between legs IV.

Pedal plates without pores, their sculpturing consists of poorly developed endocuticular pillars formed as belts in the central portions of the legs ( Figs 1A, B View Figure 1 , 11K, L View Figure 11 ). Thick pulvini on outer side of all legs ( Figs 1A, B View Figure 1 , 2B View Figure 2 ). Dentate collar IV has numerous irregular short teeth ( Fig. 11L View Figure 11 ). A small, elongated spine I and a tubby papilla IV ( Figs 1B View Figure 1 , 2B View Figure 2 , 11K, L View Figure 11 ). Claws slightly heteronych with claws IV ( Fig. 3F View Figure 3 ) higher and more robust than claws I–III ( Fig. 3E View Figure 3 ). Internal claws IV have needle-like spurs more divergent from branches compared to spurs I– III ( Fig. 11K, L View Figure 11 ). Cuticular bars below claw bases on the inner side of legs present. Buccal apparatus with a rigid tube and round pharynx containing placoids. Flexible stylet supports present.

Juveniles (i.e. the second instar, measurements in Table 4 View Table 4 ). Clear morphometric gap between juveniles and adult females. Qualitatively alike adult females, excluding the lack of gonopore.

Adult males, larvae or eggs not found.

Differential diagnosis: The new species B. paucigranulata is distinguished from its congeners (alphabetically):

• Barbaria bigranulata , by the distribution of pores in plates [absent in the anterior portion of median plate 2 ( Fig. 8I View Figure 8 ), paired segmental plates ( Fig. 9I View Figure 9 ) and the entirety of median plate 3 in B. paucigranulata vs. present in the anterior portion of m2 ( Fig. 8A View Figure 8 ), paired segmental plates ( Fig. 9A View Figure 9 ) and the entirety of m 3 in B. bigranulata ], the shape of papilla IV [tubby in B. paucigranulata ( Fig. 11L View Figure 11 ) vs. elongated in B. bigranulata ( Fig. 11B View Figure 11 )] and the primary spur morphology [needle-like and adjacent to the claw branch in B. paucigranulata ( Fig. 11K, L View Figure 11 ) vs. robust, hook-shaped and divergent from the claw branch in B. bigranulata ( Fig. 11A, B View Figure 11 )].

• Barbaria charrua , by the shape of papilla IV [tubby in B. paucigranulata ( Fig. 11L View Figure 11 ) vs. elongated in B. charrua ( Fig. 11D View Figure 11 )] and by the primary spurs [present in B. paucigranulata ( Fig. 11K, L View Figure 11 ) vs. typically absent in B. charrua ( Fig. 11C, D View Figure 11 )].

• Barbaria danieli , by the shape of papilla IV [tubby in B. paucigranulata ( Fig. 11L View Figure 11 ) vs. elongated in B. danieli ( Fig. 12 View Figure 12 )] and by the primary spurs [present in B. paucigranulata ( Fig. 11K, L View Figure 11 ) vs. absent in B. danieli ( Fig. 11O View Figure 11 )].

• Barbaria ganczareki , by the dorsal sculpturing [both pillars and pores easily identifiable in B. paucigranulata ( Figs 7I View Figure 7 , 8I View Figure 8 , 9I View Figure 9 , 10I View Figure 10 ) vs. pillars so poorly developed that pores become the dominant element of the sculpture in B. ganczareki ( Figs 7C View Figure 7 , 8D View Figure 8 , 9C View Figure 9 , 10C View Figure 10 )], the pores in the subcephalic region (absent in B. paucigranulata vs. present in B. ganczareki ) and in pedal plates (absent in B. paucigranulata vs. present in B. ganczareki ) and by the primary spur morphology [needle-like and adjacent to the claw branch in B. paucigranulata ( Fig. 11K, L View Figure 11 ) vs. robust, hook-shaped and divergent from the claw branch in B. ganczareki , fig. 21–22 in Michalczyk & Kaczmarek (2007)].

• Barbaria hannae , by the dorsal sculpturing [no smooth plate portions in B. paucigranulata ( Figs 8I View Figure 8 , 9I View Figure 9 , 10I View Figure 10 ) vs. thickened plate portions devoid of sculpturing present in B. hannae ( Figs 8E View Figure 8 , 9D, E View Figure 9 , 10D, E View Figure 10 )] and the primary spur morphology [needle-like and adjacent to the claw branch in B. paucigranulata ( Fig. 11K, L View Figure 11 ) vs. robust, hook-shaped and divergent from the claw branch in B. hannae ( Fig. 11P View Figure 11 )].

• Barbaria jenningsi , by the cirrus A length (<20% of the body length in B. paucigranulata vs.> 50% of the body length in B. jenningsi ), the type of perforation in the dorsal plates [pores in B. paucigranulata ( Fig. 7I View Figure 7 ) vs. pseudopores in B. jenningsi ( Fig. 7E, F View Figure 7 )] and by the primary spur morphology [slightly heteronych, needle-like and adjacent to the claw branch in B. paucigranulata ( Fig. 11K, L View Figure 11 ) vs. fully heteronych, robust, hook-shaped and divergent from the claw branch in B. jenningsi ( Fig. 11E, F View Figure 11 )]. • Barbaria madonnae , by striae between pillars in the scapular and the caudal plate [present in B. paucigranulata ( Figs 7I View Figure 7 , 10I View Figure 10 ) vs. absent in B. madonnae ( Figs 7G View Figure 7 , 10G View Figure 10 )], the shape of papilla IV [tubby in B. paucigranulata ( Fig. 11L View Figure 11 ) vs. elongated in B. madonnae ( Fig. 11H View Figure 11 )] and the primary spur morphology [needle-like and adjacent to the claw branch in B. paucigranulata ( Fig. 11K, L View Figure 11 ) vs. robust, hook-shaped and divergent from the claw branch in B. madonnae ( Fig. 11G, H View Figure 11 )].

• Barbaria ollantaytamboensis , by the distribution of pores in plates [absent in the anterior portion of median plate 2 ( Fig. 8I View Figure 8 ), paired segmental plates ( Fig. 9I View Figure 9 ) and the entirety of median plate 3 in B. paucigranulata vs. present in the anterior portion of m2 ( Fig. 8H View Figure 8 ), paired segmental plates ( Fig. 9H View Figure 9 ) and the entirety of m 3 in B. ollantaytamboensis ] and claw isomorphy [slightly heteronych (heteromorphic) in B. paucigranulata ( Fig. 11K, L View Figure 11 ) vs. isonych (homomorphic) in B. ollantaytamboensis ( Fig. 11I, J View Figure 11 )].

• Barbaria quitensis , by the type of perforation in the dorsal plates [pores in B. paucigranulata ( Figs 7I View Figure 7 , 8I View Figure 8 , 9I View Figure 9 , 10I View Figure 10 ) vs. pseudopores in B. quitensis ( Figs 7J View Figure 7 , 8J View Figure 8 , 9J View Figure 9 , 10J View Figure 10 )] and the distribution of pores/pseudopores [scarcer on lateralmost portions of the caudal plate ( Fig. 10I View Figure 10 ) in B. paucigranulata vs. roughly equally distributed in all portions of the caudal plate ( Fig. 10J View Figure 10 ) in B. quitensis ].

• Barbaria ranzii , by the cirrus A length (<20% of the body length in B. paucigranulata vs.> 50% of the body length in B. ranzii ), the distribution of pores in plates [absent in the anterior portion of median plate 2 ( Fig. 8I View Figure 8 ), paired segmental plates ( Fig. 9I View Figure 9 ) and the entirety of median plate 3 in B. paucigranulata vs. present in the anterior portion of m2 ( Fig. 8K View Figure 8 ), paired segmental plates ( Fig. 9K View Figure 9 ) and the entirety of m 3 in B. ranzii ] and the by secondary spurs directed upwards on external claws IV [absent in B. paucigranulata ( Fig. 11L View Figure 11 ) vs. present in B. ranzii , Fig. 11R View Figure 11 ].

• Barbaria weglarskae , by the cirrus A length (<20% of the body length in B. paucigranulata vs.> 50% of the body length in B. weglarskae ) and by the primary spur morphology [needle-like and adjacent to the claw branch in B. paucigranulata ( Fig. 11K, L View Figure 11 ) vs. robust, hook-shaped and divergent from the claw branch in B. weglarskae ( Fig. 11M, N View Figure 11 )].