Lophocarpinia Burkart, Darwiniana 11: 256. 1957.

Bruneau, Anne, de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Ringelberg, Jens J., Borges, Leonardo M., Bortoluzzi, Roseli Lopes da Costa, Brown, Gillian K., Cardoso, Domingos B. O. S., Clark, Ruth P., Conceicao, Adilva de Souza, Cota, Matheus Martins Teixeira, Demeulenaere, Else, de Stefano, Rodrigo Duno, Ebinger, John E., Ferm, Julia, Fonseca-Cortes, Andres, Gagnon, Edeline, Grether, Rosaura, Guerra, Ethiene, Haston, Elspeth, Herendeen, Patrick S., Hernandez, Hector M., Hopkins, Helen C. F., Huamantupa-Chuquimaco, Isau, Hughes, Colin E., Ickert-Bond, Stefanie M., Iganci, Joao, Koenen, Erik J. M., Lewis, Gwilym P., de Lima, Haroldo Cavalcante, de Lima, Alexandre Gibau, Luckow, Melissa, Marazzi, Brigitte, Maslin, Bruce R., Morales, Matias, Morim, Marli Pires, Murphy, Daniel J., O'Donnell, Shawn A., Oliveira, Filipe Gomes, Oliveira, Ana Carla da Silva, Rando, Juliana Gastaldello, Ribeiro, Petala Gomes, Ribeiro, Carolina Lima, Santos, Felipe da Silva, Seigler, David S., da Silva, Guilherme Sousa, Simon, Marcelo F., Soares, Marcos Vinicius Batista & Terra, Vanessa, 2024, Advances in Legume Systematics 14. Classification of Caesalpinioideae. Part 2: Higher-level classification, PhytoKeys 240, pp. 1-552 : 1

Lophocarpinia Burkart, Darwiniana 11: 256. 1957.

Figs 36 , 52

Type.

Lophocarpinia aculeatifolia (Burkart) Burkart [≡ Cenostigma aculeatifolium Burkart]

Description.

Shrubs, armed with scattered straight, conical, 2-5 mm long spines on shoots; leaves and inflorescences crowded on brachyblasts. Stipules acuminate, caducous. Leaves pinnate, leaflets in 2 (3) opposite pairs, eglandular, with a pair of small prickles at the insertions of the leaflets. Inflorescence a short, corymbiform, pubescent raceme, each with 3-6 flowers. Flowers zygomorphic, bisexual; hypanthium turbinate, fleshy, persistent at the apex of the pedicel as the fruit matures; sepals 5 caducous, lower sepal cucullate and covering the other 4 sepals in bud, embracing the androecium and gynoecium at anthesis; petals 5, yellow to yellow-orange, free, the median petal differentiated from the rest by a fleshy claw and wavy blade margins, pubescent; stamens 10, free, filaments pubescent; ovary glabrous. Fruit a lomentum, with 1-5 segments, falcate, with 4 coarsely serrate wings. Seeds ellipsoid to reniform, smooth.

Chromosome number.

Unknown.

Included species and geographic distribution.

Monospecific, restricted to Argentina and Paraguay (Fig. 52 ).

Ecology.

Chaco woodlands and seasonally dry tropical to subtropical forests.

Etymology.

From Greek, lopho - (= combed or crested) and carpos (= fruit), the fruit has 4 crested wings, the ending -inia signifies a close relationship with Caesalpinia .

Human uses.

Unknown.

Notes.

Lophocarpinia is closely related to the genus Haematoxylum but has a distinctive lomentaceous fruit with coarsely serrated wings.

Taxonomic references.

Burkart (1957); Gagnon et al. (2016); Lewis (2005b); Nores et al. (2012); Ulibarri (2008).

Figures

Figure 36. Fruits of Caesalpinieae A Hererolandia pearsonii (L. Bolus) Gagnon & G. P. Lewis, Namibia, Sesriem Canyon B Haematoxylum brasiletto H. Karst., Mexico (Lewis 2057) C Lophocarpinia aculeatifolia (Burkart) Burkart, Paraguay, (Fortunato 8650) D Hoffmannseggia arequipensis Ulibarri, Peru, Arequipa, (Hughes et al. 2342) E Balsamocarpon brevifolium Clos, Chile (Baxter et al. DCI 1859) F Zuccagnia punctata Cav., Argentina, Mendoza G Cordeauxia edulis Hemsl., Somalia H Erythrostemon coccineus (G. P. Lewis & J. L. Contr.) Gagnon & G. P. Lewis, Mexico, Oaxaca (Lewis et al. 1802) I Paubrasilia echinata (Lam.) Gagnon, H. C. Lima & G. P. Lewis, Brazil J Libidibia paraguariensis (Parodi) G. P. Lewis, Bolivia, Santa Cruz (Hughes 2475) K Coulteria mollis Kunth, Guatemala (Lewis et al. 1714) L Cenostigma pluviosum var. cabralianum (G. P. Lewis) Gagnon & G. P. Lewis, Brazil (Lewis et al. 2019) M Pomaria jamesii (Torr. & A. Gray) Walp., USA. Photo credits A AA Dreyer B, I, K, L GP Lewis C RH Fortunato D, H, J CE Hughes E P Baxter F Italo Specogna, Flora mendocina (http: // www. floramendocina. com. ar / clase _ 3 / zuccagnia _ punctata _ p 9558. html) G M Thulin M P Alexander, SEINet Arizona Chapter (https: // swbiodiversity. org / seinet / imagelib / imgdetails. php? imgid = 253949).

Figure 52. Distribution of Lophocarpinia based on quality-controlled digitised herbarium records. See Suppl. material 1 for the source of occurrence data.