Teuchothrips, Hood

Mound, Laurence A., Dang, Lihong & Tree, Desley J., 2023, Structural diversity among the leaf-feeding thrips of Australia in the genus Teuchothrips (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripinae) with 20 new species, Zootaxa 5383 (4), pp. 441-475 : 444-446

Teuchothrips species of Australia

1. Antennal IV with 2 large sense cones (rarely with a small sense cone ventrally).................................... 2

- Antennal segment IV with 3 large sense cones............................................................. 13

2. Metanotum with additional setae anterior to major setal pair ( Figs 61 , 90 )......................................... 3

-. Metanotum with no setae anterior to major pair of setae ( Figs 25 , 30 )............................................ 4

3. Maxillary stylets almost touching medially in head ( Fig. 56 ); all discal setae on metanotum and pronotum broad and blunt ( Fig. 61 ), major pair unusually long; female with fore tarsal tooth; macropterae with 2 pairs of sigmoid setae on tergites III–VII [on Melaleuca glomerata ]....................................................................... kokatha sp.n.

-. Maxillary stylets about one fifth of head width apart ( Fig. 88 ); all discal setae on metanotum and pronotum finely acute ( Fig. 90 ); female with fore tarsal inner margin slightly swollen but without a tooth; macropterae and micropterae with only one pair of sigmoid setae on segments III–VI [on Tephrosia sp. ]........................................... miriwoong sp.n.

4. Tergite IX S1 setae with apices finely acute, as long as or slightly longer than tube ( Fig. 9 )........................... 5

-. Tergite IX setae with apices expanded or capitate, shorter than tube ( Figs 4 , 47 ).................................... 6

5. Fore wing with several duplicated cilia [on Acacia linifolia and Melaleuca ]................................. longiseta

-. Fore wing with no duplicated cilia [on Callistemon and Melaleuca salicina ]................................. froggatti

6. Maxillary stylets close together, retracted to postocular setae ( Fig. 5 )............................................ 7

-. Maxillary stylets separated by one fifth to one third width of head ( Figs 31, 32 , 84 )................................ 11

7. Tergite IX setae S1 no longer than basal width of tube, and less than 0.5 as long as tube ( Fig. 8 ) [antennal segments III–VI almost yellow] [on Melaleuca ].................................................................. aliceae sp.n.

-. Tergite IX setae S1 longer than basal width of tube, and more than 0.5 as long as tube............................... 8

8. Macroptera with pelta more than 2.0 times as wide as long and anterior margin almost transverse ( Fig. 105 ); pronotal am and aa setae broadly capitate; tube less than twice as long as basal width [metanotum strongly reticulate]................ soror

-. Microptera or macroptera, pelta less broad ( Figs 111, 112 ); pronotal am and aa setae weakly capitate; tube twice as long as basal width............................................................................................... 9

9. Macroptera with median reticles of metanotum longer than wide ( Fig. 102 ); pelta narrowly bell-shape [head about 1.25 as long as wide] [on Melaleuca ]........................................................................... sodalis

-. Metanotal reticles equiangular or scarcely developed ( Fig. 66 ); pelta broadly bell-shaped or triangular, 1.5–1.8 as wide as long.............................................................................................. 10

10. Tube about 1.8 times as long as basal width ( Fig. 110 ); macropterous, fore wing with no duplicated cilia; pelta triangular ( Figs 111–112 ); male tergite IX setae S2 as long as setae S1 [on Melaleuca viridiflora ]........................... tolga sp.n.

-. Tube about 2.2 times as long as basal width; micropterous; pelta broadly bell-shaped ( Fig. 66 ); male tergite IX setae S2 short and stout [on Leptospermum sp. ].......................................................... leptospermum sp.n.

11. Fore tarsal tooth small in male, minute and scarcely visible in female; fore wing with duplicated cilia... melaleucae [in part]

-. Fore tarsal tooth large in both sexes, at least half as long as tarsal width; fore wing without duplicated cilia............. 12

12. Tergite IX setae S1 about 0.8 as long as tube; macropterous, fore wing deeply shaded in basal half with numerous robust minute surface denticles, sub-basal setae at least 0.5 as long as wing basal width; postocular setae extending well beyond posterior margin of eyes, sometimes about half as long as dorsal eye length ( Fig. 32 ) [on Dodonaea]................ dodonaea sp.n.

-. Tergite IX setae S1 scarcely 0.4 as long as tube, about as long as tube basal width; micropterous, if macropterous, fore wing pale, sub-basal setae about 0.2 as long as wing basal width, scarcely three times as long as their apical width ( Fig. 87 ); postocular setae vary from very short to extending beyond posterior margin of eyes ( Fig. 84 ) [on Callistemon saligna and Melaleuca ]... minor

13. All tibiae yellow; anal setae about twice as long as tube [on Lophostemon suaveolens ]....................... badu sp.n.

-. Mid and hind tibiae brown at base at least; anal setae no more than as long as tube................................. 14

14. Pronotum with only epimeral setae well developed ( Figs 45 , 114 ).............................................. 15

-. Pronotum usually with at least 4 pairs of major setae ( Fig. 37 )................................................. 17

15. Micropterous, pelta much wider than long ( Fig. 53 ); maxillary stylets retracted almost to eyes; female fore tarsal tooth minute and directed forwards; apices broadly expanded of pronotal epimeral and tergite IX setae [on Calytrix ]........ kaurna sp.n.

-. Macropterous, pelta triangular or elongate ( Fig. 46 ); maxillary stylets less deeply retracted ( Figs 44 , 113 ); female fore tarsal tooth massive; pronotal epimeral and tergite IX setae slender and capitate........................................ 16

16. Tube almost twice as long as head; pelta broadly triangular ( Fig. 115 ); maxillary stylets very low in head; postocular setae small and distant from eye margins............................................................... toowoomba sp.n.

-. Tube slightly shorter than head; pelta slightly longer than wide ( Fig. 46 ); maxillary stylets retracted to postocular setae; postocular setae extending to eye margins [male sternite VIII with small subcircular pore plate ( Fig. 48 )]...... jarowair sp.n.

17. Maxillary stylets either almost touching medially or scarcely one-fifth of head width apart, separated rarely by 0.25 of head width ( Figs 37 , 96 )................................................................................... 18

-. Maxillary stylets at least one-third of head width apart ( Figs 31 , 83 )............................................ 33

18. Mouth cone pointed and extending to mesopresternum; metanotum with narrow, almost striate, reticles [fore tarsi with no tooth; fore wing with about 7 duplicated cilia]............................................................. acripilus

-. Mouth cone not extending beyond prosternal ferna ( Figs 12 , 74 ); metanotal reticles almost equiangular................ 19

19. Macropterae, but fore wing with no duplicated cilia......................................................... 20

-. Macropterae and fore wing with at least 4 duplicated cilia, or micropterae....................................... 21

20. Male sternite VIII with pore plate median and transverse ( Fig. 100 ); male tergite IX setae S2 shorter than S1 [on Leptospermum , Cassinia , Melaleuca and Kunzea ].............................................................. simplicipennis

-. Male sternite VIII fully occupied by pore plate ( Fig. 39 ); male tergite IX setae S2 equal to S1 [on Melaleuca ].... gangurru sp.n.

21. Pronotal am setae pointed to bluntly pointed, and scarcely larger than discal setae................................. 22

-. Pronotal am setae at least weakly capitate but varying in length from short to as long as pronotal aa setae.............. 25

22. Tergite IX setae S1 long and finely pointed ( Fig. 19 )........................................................ 23

-. Tergite IX setae S1 varying in length and at least weakly capitate ( Fig. 75 )....................................... 24

23. Fore wing with only two small sub-basal setae; male sternite VIII posterior third with irregular transverse pore plate involving discal setae ( Fig. 20 ) [head at least 1.5 times as long as wide ( Fig. 17 )] [on Tetrastigma ]............... bundjalong sp.n.

-. Fore wing with three large sub-basal setae; male pore plate occupying most of sternite VIII.................. ater [in part]

24. Fore wings pale; tarsi brown; antennals VII & VIII confluent ( Fig. 71 ); mesopresternum of 3 sclerites ( Fig. 74 ); male sternite VIII with narrow pore plate close to posterior margin [on Leptospermum ].............................. lutruwita sp.n.

-. Fore wings uniformly light brown; tarsi yellow; base of antennal segment VIII sharply narrower than VII apex; mesopresternum reduced to 2 lateral sclerites; male sternite VIII with large pore plate [on Prostanthera ]..................... monga sp.n.

25. Antennal segments IV–VI almost uniformly light yellow..................................................... 26

-. Antennal segments IV–VI with base pale but apex brown.................................................... 28

26. Postocular setae as long as dorsal eye length ( Fig. 27 )................................................. clavipilus

-. Postocular setae no more than 0.6 of dorsal eye length...................................................... 27

27. Fore tarsal tooth reduced to a small hump in both sexes ( Fig. 50 ); head and pronotum with weak sculpture; male with pore plate occupying almost all of sternite VIII as well as tergite VIII ( Fig. 52 ) [on Terminalia sp. ]..................... jukun sp.n.

-. Fore tarsal tooth sharply acute in both sexes ( Fig. 64 ); head and pronotum with reticulate sculpture ( Fig. 63 ); male pore plate occupies anterior third of sternite VIII but without extending onto the tergite [on Planchonia careya ]........ larrakia sp.n.

28. Fore wing sub-basal setae with bases arranged almost in a straight line.......................................... 29

-. Fore wing sub-basal setae S2 close to S3, bases often arranged in a triangle ( Fig. 43 )............................... 31

29. Maxillary stylets retracted to postocular setae, about 0.25 of head width apart ( Fig. 28 ) [on Eremophila deserti ].... connatus

-. Maxillary stylets retracted to eyes and close together medially ( Figs 1 , 93 )....................................... 30

30. Tube with straight lateral margins, length about 2.2 times basal width ( Fig. 4 ); pelta unusually slender, clearly longer than wide ( Fig. 3 ) [from Eremococcus gall on Agonis linearifolia]............................................. agonis sp.n.

-. Tube with weakly convex lateral margins, length about 1.8–1.9 times basal width ( Fig. 95 ); pelta basal width about 1.2 times as long as median length ( Fig. 94 ) [from Eriococcid gall on Melaleuca ].................................. mooni sp.n.

31. Anal setae much shorter than tube; male sternite VIII with no pore plate [on Pyrethrum ]................... mareeba sp.n.

-. Anal setae about as long as tube or a little longer; male sternite VIII with a transverse pore plate...................... 32

32. Tergite IX setae S1 and S2 of both sexes as long as tube or longer, sharply acute at apex; po setae as long as dorsal eye length, more than 0.5 as long as distance between their bases................................................ ater [in part]

-. Tergite IX setae S1 and S2 of both sexes a little shorter than tube, capitate at apex; po setae a little shorter than eyes, less than 0.5 as long as distance between their bases ( Fig. 41 ) [on Pittosporum phylliraeoides ].................. garrunggam sp.n.

33. Metanotum anteromedially with several minute additional setae ( Fig. 22 ); head with two pairs of postocular setae longer than eye length ( Fig. 21 ); mid and hind legs uniformly dark brown including tarsi.............................. burroughsi

-. Metanotum with no additional setae anteromedially; head with postocular setae shorter, scarcely as long as eye length (rarely with two pairs); mid and hind tarsi yellow................................................................. 34

34. Postocular setae no larger than minor setae on head; fore tarsal tooth small and directed forwards....... melaleucae [in part]

-. Postocular setae clearly larger than minor setae, apices usually capitate; fore tarsal tooth well-developed, usually large.... 35

35. Tergite IX setae S1 as long as tube and acute (rarely bluntly pointed) ( Fig. 9 ); postocular setae often longer than dorsal eye length, but shorter in some populations ( Fig. 10 ); antennal segment IV usually 1.8–2.0 times as long as wide; macropterous [on Pittosporum & rarely Bursaria , Geijera & Myoporum ].............................................. ater [in part]

-. Tergite IX setae S1 with apex capitate, rarely more than 0.6 as long as tube; postocular setae shorter than dorsal eye length ( Fig. 31 ); antennal segment IV shorter, 1.6–1.8 times as long as wide; macropterous, rarely micropterous................... 36

36. Stylets retracted into head at least to po setae; sometimes wingless [on Bursaria ]........................... badiipennis

-. Stylets usually retracted into head scarcely half-way to postocular setae ( Fig. 31 ); macropterous [female often with postocular setae shorter than eye width] [on Callistemon ]....................................................... disjunctus

Figures

FIGURES 53–62. Teuchothrips of Australia. T. kaurna 53–55: (53) head, thorax & pelta; (54) antenna; (55) tergites IX–X. T. kokatha 56–62: (56) head; (57) head & pronotum; (58) metanotum & pelta; (59) pronotum; (60) antenna; (61) metanotum; (62) pelta.

FIGURES 88–95. Teuchothrips of Australia. T. miriwoong 88–90: (88) head & pronotum; (89) antenna; (90) metanotum & pelta. T. monga 91–92: (91) metanotum & pelta; (92) pronotum. T. mooni 93–95: (93) head & pronotum; (94) metanotum & pelta; (95) tergites IX–X.

FIGURES 11–26. Teuchothrips of Australia. T. badiipennis 11–12: (11) metanotum & pelta; (12) prosternites. T. badu 13– 16: (13) head & pronotum; (14) metanotum & pelta; (15) prosternites; (16) antenna. T. bundjalong 17–20: (17) head; (18) metanotum & pelta; (19) tergites IX–X; (20) male sternite VIII. T. burroughsi 21–22: (21) head & pronotum; (22) metanotum & pelta. T. bursariicola (=ater) 23–26: (23) head & pronotum, Female; (24) head & pronotum, Male; (25) metanotum & pelta; (26) male sternite VIII.

FIGURES 27–36. Teuchothrips of Australia. (27) T. clavipilus head. T. connatus 28–30: (28) head & pronotum anterior margin; (29) antenna; (30) metanotum & pelta. T. disjunctus (31) head. T. dodonaea 32–34: (32) head & pronotum; (33) antenna; (34) metanotum & pelta. T. froggatti 35–36: (35) head & pronotum; (36) metanotum & pelta.

FIGURES 1–10. Teuchothrips of Australia. T. agonis 1–4: (1) head & pronotum; (2) antenna; (3) metanotum & pelta; (4) tergites IX–X. T. aliceae 5–8: (5) head & pronotum; (6) antenna; (7) metanotum & pelta; (8) tergites IX–X. T. ater 9–10: (9) tergites IX–X; (10) head & pronotum.

FIGURES 44–52. Teuchothrips of Australia. T. jarowair 44–48: (44) head; (45) pronotum; (46) metanotum & pelta; (47) tergites IX–X; (48) male sternite VIII. T. jukun 49–52: (49) head & pronotum; (50) fore tarsus; (51) metanotum & pelta; (52) tergite VIII, male.

FIGURES 76–87. Teuchothrips of Australia. T. mareeba 76–80: (76) head & pronotum; (77) metanotum & pelta; (78) prosternites; (79) tergites IX–X; (80) fore wing sub-basal setae. T. melaleucae 81–83: (81) metanotum & pelta; (82) antenna; (83) head & pronotum. T. minor 84–87: (84) head & pronotum; (85) metanotum & pelta; (86) antenna; (87) fore wing sub-basal setae.

FIGURES 96–106. Teuchothrips of Australia. T. simplicipennis 96–101: (96) head & pronotum; (97) antenna; (98) metanotum & pelta; (99) prosternites; (100) male sternite VIII; (101) tergites IX–X. (102) T. sodalis metanotum. T. soror 103–106: (103) head; (104) antenna; (105) metanotum & pelta; (106) prosternites.

FIGURES 107–115. Teuchothrips of Australia. T. tolga 107–112: (107) head & pronotum; (108) antenna; (109) prosternites; (110) tergites IX–X; (111) pelta of female; (112) pelta of male. T. toowoomba 113–115: (113) head; (114) pronotum; (115) metanotum and pelta.

FIGURES 63–75. Teuchothrips of Australia. T. larrakia 63–64: (63) head & pronotum; (64) fore tarsus, male. T. leptospermum 65–67: (65) head & pronotum; (66) metanotum & pelta; (67) antenna. T. longiseta 68–70: (68) head & pronotum; (69) type slide; (70) metanotum & pelta. T. lutruwita 71–75: (71) antenna; (72) head; (73) metanotum & pelta; (74) prosternites; (75) tergites IX–X.

FIGURES 37–43. Teuchothrips of Australia. T. gangarru 37–40: (37) head & pronotum; (38) antenna; (39) male sternite VIII; (40) metanotum & pelta. T. garrunggam 41–43: (41) head & pronotum; (42) antenna; (43) fore wing sub-basal setae.