Ixoides cornuta MacGilchrist, 1905

Wong, Kingsley J. H., Ng, Peter K. L., Shih, Hsi-Te & Chan, Benny K. K., 2024, Positive association between PTN polymorphisms and schizophrenia in Northeast Chinese Han population., Zoological Studies 63 (38), pp. 141-149 : 40-41

Ixoides cornuta MacGilchrist, 1905

Ixoides coruntus (?) — Gordon 1931: 527, 530, text-fig. 7.

Ixoides cornutus — Shen 1940a: 215.

Taxonomy: Serène and Lohavanijaya (1973), Chen (1989), Galil (2001a: as Arcania ), Chen and Sun (2002).

Type: Syntypes probably in NHM ( Davie 2002).

Type locality: Persian Gulf.

Distribution: Western Indian Ocean to Central Pacific: from Madagascar, East Africa, Persian/Arabian Gulf, to Southeast and East Asia, to New Caledonia, Vanuatu and Fiji ( Galil 2001a).

Habitat: Subtidal; substrates sandy-muddy; depths 28 to 204 m ( Chen and Sun 2002).

Remarks: The genus Ixiodes was synonymized under Arcania by Galil (2001) but Ng et al. (2017) argued that it should be recognized as a separate genus as it had several diagnostic morphological features. An ongoing phylogenetic study of these genera by Y.-J. Shih and B. Galil supports this.

Lyphira ngankee Rahayu & Ng, 2024 #

? Philyra tuberculosa — Shen 1931b: 185, text-figs. 1–4 [not P. tuberculosa Stimpson, 1858 = P. carinata Bell, 1855 ].

? Philyra globosa — Shen 1940a: 216 [not C. globosus Fabricius, 1793 = C. globus Fabricius, 1775 ].

Philyra cf. laminata — Hill 1982: 199, pl. 3C [not P. laminata Doflein, 1904 ].

Philyra heterograna — Blackmore and Rainbow 2000: app. 1.

Lyphira heterograna — Wong et al. 2021: 20, fig. 30a–c, pl. 6C.

Lyphira ngankee Rahayu & Ng, 2024: 376 , figs. 1E–J, 5A, B, 6D, 8A, 9D, 10E, 11E, 13F, G, 14D, 15F, 16E, 18A–E, 20A–D, 21D.

Taxonomy: Rahayu and Ng (2024).

Type: Holotype ò ZRC 1999.0456 , and paratypes in ZRC.

Type locality: Nanao Island, Guangdong, China.

Distribution: South China: so far only from Guangdong and Hong Kong.

Habitat: Subtidal; substrate of soft mud or broken shells.

Remarks: There are two primary issues associated with the taxonomy of this species. The first pertains to the identities of specimens initially referred to “ Philyra tuberculosa ” by Shen in 1931(b) from Hong Kong; and the second is with identities of L. heterograna sensu stricto. Shen (1931b) illustrated material he identified as “ P. tuberculosa ” from Hong Kong in considerable detail. He added more figures of the species (Shen 1932) when he compared it with his new species, Philyra peitaihoensis Shen, 1932 , from northern China. Shen (1940a) subsequently decided that his Hong Kong material should be identified as “ Philyra globosa ” instead. Galil (2009) synonymized P. peitaihoensis as well as Phylira acutidens Chen, 1987 , under Lyphira heterograna ( Ortmann, 1892) , figuring the overall male habitus and a G1 from southern Malaysia (not Indonesia as was stated). Previous records from China were referred to L. heterograna by Galil (2009).

Philyra tuberculosa s. str. is now regarded as a junior synonym of P. carinata (Bell, 1855) ( Galil 2009; see below). The name “ Philyra globosa ” presented in Shen (1940a) (citing Fabricius), can be traced back to the names Cancer globus Fabricius, 1775 and C. globosus Fabricius, 1793 , but both represent the same species ( Galil 2009). As shown by Galil (2009), the types of Cancer globus Fabricius, 1775 consist of two specimens, among which one smaller female was designated as the lectotype of that species by Holthuis (1962). The other male specimen, what H. Milne Edwards (1837) called “ Philyra globulosa ”, was shown to be P. heterograna (s. lato) instead.

Rahayu and Ng (2024) recently revised the taxonomy of Lyphyira heterograna , examined and figured the types of L. heterograna (type locality: Japan), as well as of specimens from Japan, Korea, East and Southeast Asia, including Indonesian Papua, and showed that it is a complex of six species. Philyra peitaihoensis was confirmed to be synonymous with L. heterograna s. str., while P. acutidens was regarded as a valid Lyphira species and not just representing juveniles as had been supposed by Galil (2009). The specimens Galil (2009) figured as “ P. heterograna ” from Malaysia were shown to belong to new species. Rahayu and Ng (2024) referred material from Hong Kong and southern China, including the records of “ P. tuberculosa ” by Shen (1931b 1932) and “ L. heterograna ” by Wong et al. (2021), to a new species. This species, now L. ngankee , differs markedly from L. heterograna s. str. in possessing a distinct endostomial spine (see Shen 1931b: fig. 1; 1932: fig. 11c) (versus absent) and the exopod of the third maxilliped is proportionately much wider (see Shen 1931b: fig. 2; 1932: fig. 11f), characters already observed by Shen (1931b 1932) when he compared his material of P. peitaihoensis (= L. heterograna s. str.) with “ P. tuberculosa ” (= L. ngankee ) from Hong Kong. There are also differences in the G1 as well as proportions of the chelae and ambulatory meri.

Myra celeris Galil, 2001 #

Myra fugax — Stimpson 1907: 152; Gee 1926: 161 [list]; Shen 1931a: 108, pl. 10(2); Gordon 1931: 527; Shen 1940a: 217; Hill 1982: 196, pl. 1A; Morton and Morton 1983: 187, fig. 10.4(3); Blackmore and Rainbow 2000: app. 1 [not Leucosia fugax Fabricius, 1798 ].

Myra sp. — Hill 1982: 198, pl. 1B.

Myra celeris — Wong et al. 2021: 20, fig. 30d–f, pl. 6D.

Taxonomy: Galil (2001b), Chen and Sun (2002: as M. fugax ).

Type: Holotype ò RMNH D 43202 , and paratypes in RMNH, UMZC and NHM.

Type locality: Japan, locality unspecified.

Distribution: West Pacific: from South and East China, Taiwan, Japan, to Indonesia, Australia, and New Caledonia ( Galil 2001b).

Habitat: Subtidal; depths 4 to 52 m ( Galil 2001b).

Remarks: Myra celeris differs from M. fugax (Fabricius, 1798) sensu stricto by comparatively shorter fingers in relative to palm, and all past records of “ M. fugax ” from East Asia represent M. celeris instead ( Galil 2001b).