Nipponomyia trispinosa (Alexander, 1920)

Kolcsar, Levente-Peter, Kato, Daichi, Gamboa, Maribet & Watanabe, Kozo, 2020, Revision of Japanese species of Nipponomyia Alexander, 1924 (Diptera, Pediciidae), ZooKeys 1000, pp. 71-105 : 71

Nipponomyia trispinosa (Alexander, 1920) Figs 2 , 3 , 4A, F , 12E, F , 15 , 16 , 17

Tricyphona trispinosa : Alexander 1920: 15 - original description; Alexander (1923): 479 - comparison; Alexander 1924: 158-159 - new combination to the genus.

Nipponomyia trispinosa : Alexander 1927a: 202 - faunistic record, swarming; Alexander 1927b: 49, figs 14, 15 - wing, variation, comparison; Alexander 1935: 551-552 - identification key; Alexander 1936: 190 - comparison; Esaki 1950: 1521, fig. 4362; Alexander 1958: 292-295 - identification key to Japanese species, comparison, faunistic records, Plate 3, fig. 18 - male terminalia; Ishida 1958: 39 - distribution; Savchenko and Krivolutskaya 1976: 25 - faunistic record; Savchenko 1983: 34 - comparison; Savchenko 1989 - distribution, illustration; Nakamura 2014: 4 - distribution, Japanese name.

Type material.

Holotype male: Japan, Honshu , leg. Akio Nohiro. - without further data, probably Kyoto (see Alexander 1920, 1958). Type specimen deposited in National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C., USA; not examined.

Material examined.

Non-types: Japan: [ Hokkaido ] • 2♂, ( GenBank # MT874512 ); Hokkaido , Sobetsu , River Benkei ; alt. 238 m; 42°33.52'N, 140°59.29'E; 29 Jul. 2019; L.-P. Kolcsár leg. (pinned or in ethanol, CKLP). [Honshu] • 3♂, 1♀; Aomori, Hirosaki , Ichinowatari-washinosu ; alt. 205 m; 40°31.15'N, 140°26.33'E; 5 Sep. 2013; D. Kato leg. (pinned, BLKU) • 1♂; Aomori, Hirosaki , Inekari River , Koguriyama ; alt. 170 m; 40°32.19'N, 140°29.22'E; 10 Sep. 2013; D. Kato leg. (pinned, BLKU) • 3♂; Aomori, Towada , Tsutanuma Path , Okuse ; alt. 468 m; 40°35.45'N, 140°57.42'E; 30 Aug. 2014; D. Kato leg. (pinned, BLKU) • 2♂; Aomori, Towada , Sakura Spa , Okuse ; alt. 854 m; 40°37.64'N, 140°54.59'E; 3 Aug. 2015; D. Kato leg. (pinned, BLKU) • 1♂; Gifu, Nakatsugawa , Nishimata-dani Valley , Kashimo ; alt. 800 m; 35°44.51'N, 137°25.57'E; 7 Aug. 2015; D. Kato leg. (pinned, BLKU) • 1♂, 1♀; Hiroshima, Hatsukaichi , Nakatsudani-gawa River , Yoshiwa ; alt. 900 m; 43°0.83'N, 141°20.01'E; 2 Sep. 2015; D. Kato leg. (pinned, BLKU) • 2♂; Hiroshima, Hatsukaichi , Mt Misaka-yama , Yoshiwa ; alt. 1070 m; 34°30.68'N, 132°2.81'E; 2 Sep. 2015; D. Kato leg. (pinned, BLKU) • 2♂; Nagano, Ueda , Daimyozin stream , Sugadaira MRC ; alt. 1315 m; 36°31.2'N, 138°21.24'E; 20 Aug. 2013; D. Kato leg. (pinned, BLKU) • 1♂; Tochigi, Nikko ; alt. 675 m; 36°44.44'N, 139°37.1'E; 8 Sep. 2011; D. Kato leg. (pinned, BLKU) • 2♂; Tottori, Yazu , Mt Ogino-sen ; alt. 905 m; 35°25.85'N, 134°25.57'E; 17 Sep. 2014; D. Kato leg. (pinned, BLKU) • 1♂; Yamagata, Sakata , Yunodai Spa , Kusatsu ; alt. 475 m; 39°1.57'N, 140°1.56'E; 18 Sep. 2014; D. Kato leg. (pinned, BLKU). [Kyushu] • 2♂; Fukuoka, Mt Sefuri , Itaya , Sawara-ku ; alt. 970 m; 33°26.29'N, 130°22'E; 5 Sep. 2015; D. Kato leg. (pinned, BLKU) • 2♀; Fukuoka, Miyako , Notoge Pass , Saigawa-Hobashira ; alt. 740 m; 33°29.74'N, 130°57.69'E; 21 Sep. 2015; D. Kato leg. (pinned, BLKU) • 1♂; Fukuoka, Fukuoka, Katae , Mt Abura ; alt. 225 m; 33°31.83'N, 130°21.96'E; 20 Oct. 2015; D. Kato leg. (pinned, BLKU) • 1♀; Oita, Yufu , Shonai-cho-asono ; alt. 870 m; 33°9.65'N, 131°20.21'E; 10 Sep. 2016; D. Kato leg. (pinned, BLKU) • 1♂; Saga, Saga-shi , Kasa River near Hokuza Dam , Fujimachi-sekiya ; alt. 330 m; 33°25.99'N, 130°13.93'E; 15 Oct. 2015; D. Kato leg. (pinned, BLKU). [Shikoku] • 1♂; Ehime, Wakayama , small waterfall and stream ; alt. 1305 m; 33°44.71'N, 133°8.23'E; 10 Sep. 2019; L.-P. Kolcsár leg. (pinned or in ethanol, CKLP) • 3♂, 1♀, ( GenBank # MT874513 ); Ehime, Toon , Shiraino waterfall ; alt. 685 m; 33°45.54'N, 132°58.16'E; 16 Sep. 2019; L.-P. Kolcsár leg. (pinned or in ethanol, CKLP) • 2♂; Tokushima, Miyoshi , Ochiai Pass , Higashiiya-Ochiai ; alt. 1460 m; 33°55.33'N, 133°56.88'E; 15 May 2015; D. Kato leg. (pinned, BLKU).

Diagnostic characters.

Yellowish species with 11 darker spots on thorax ( N. yakushimensis Kolcsár & Kato, sp. nov. dark yellow species with 11 large dark spots, N. gracilis without dark spots on thorax). Wing without transverse dark line in costal cell. Brown band running from base of R2+3 to tip of M4 and to m-cu (brown band not reaching wing margin in N. yakushimensis Kolcsár & Kato, sp. nov.). Dark band along crossveins r-m and m-cu conspicuous. Second sternite with black marking at corner of membranous area, but without other line. Gonostylus with 3 spines (2 spines in N. yakushimensis Kolcsár & Kato, sp. nov. and N. gracilis ), aedeagus short, triangular, and acute at tip in lateral view (aedeagus long, rod-shaped in N. yakushimensis Kolcsár & Kato, sp. nov. and N. gracilis ). Cercus long and straight, just gently curved upward. Genital opening T-shaped, genital fork cross-shaped, lateral sclerite large, half as long as genital fork.

Redescription.

Body length: male 8.5-12 mm, female: 13-15 mm.

Wing length: male 8.5-12 mm, female 11-12 mm.

Head: Yellowish brown (Fig. 15B, C ) to brown with grayish pruinosity, some dry specimens with reddish shade, grayish pruinosity not visible on specimens stored in ethanol. Palpi brown, 5-segmented, segments 2-4 subequal in length, last segment elongated, ca. 2-3 × longer than segment 4, measurable only on specimens stored in ethanol. Palpomeres 1 and 2 and tip of palpomere 5 darker. Antenna short, just a little longer than head (Figs 2C , 15C ). Antenna yellow to brown, sometimes scape and pedicel darker than remainder of antenna. Flagellum unicolor or gradually lightening to apical end (Fig. 15C ). Flagellum 13-segmented, flagellomeres gradually narrowing to apical end (Fig. 2C ).

Thorax: Specimens stored in ethanol whitish yellow. General coloration yellow, dorsal parts somewhat darker yellow in pinned specimens (Fig. 15A ). Sclerites in lateral view as (Fig. 3 ). Four uniformly dark spots on presutural area of scutum, 7 dark spots on postsutural area of scutum (Fig. 15C ).

Legs: General coloration yellow, covered with yellowish setae. Femora without apical dark area, apical part of tibiae brownish, with a few darker setae. Apical ends of tarsomeres light brown. Apical half of tarsomere 4 brown, tarsomere 5 slightly lighter than tarsomere 4 (Fig. 15A ). Tarsomeres with very small spurs, hardly discernable.

Wing: As in Fig. 4A, F . Crossvein m-m very long, oblique, connecting close to tip of M4. Dark band extending from base of R2+3 to m-cu and to crossvein m-m, and reaching wing margin. Dark band along crossveins r-m and m-cu conspicuous.

Abdomen: Abdomen covered with relatively long pale setae. Tergites 2-6 in male and 2-7 in female each with a longitudinal narrow black line on lateral side, its length ranging from 1/3-1/2 of tergite length (Fig. 15A ). Sternite 2 with a short black line at corner of membranous area, but without other line (Fig. 15B ). Membranous area of sternite 2 as in Fig. 3B . Sternites 3-6 each with a brown line, a little wider and shorter than tergite line (Fig. 15A ). Sometimes line on sternite 6 indistinct or absent. Tergites and sternites 7 and 8 dark yellow to brown.

Male terminalia: Dark yellow to brown (Fig. 15A ). Tergite 9 with posterior margin rounded (Fig. 16A, B ). Gonocoxite with apical lobe 1.8-1.9 × longer than wide (at middle) and around 1.7-1.8 × longer than tergite 9 in lateral view (Fig. 16E, F ). Apical lobe of gonocoxite prominent in any view, as long as wide of gonocoxite at middle in lateral view (Fig. 16G, H ). Ventro-basal lobe of gonocoxite prominent in any view, triangular with rounded inner peak in ventral view (Fig. 16C, D ). Outer part of gonostylus slender in inner lateral view, with 3 black spines, inner part of gonostylus rod-shaped, 4-5 × longer than wide, tip curved dorsally. Interbase elongated, apical widest part 1.5 × wider than base, in dorsal view (Fig. 16A, B ). Shape of interbase, directing postero-dorsally, pointed at tip (Fig. 16H ). Aedeagus short, triangular and pointed in lateral view (Fig. 16I, J ).

Female terminalia, ovipositor: General coloration dark yellow. Cercus almost straight, only weakly curved upward (Fig. 12E ). Genital fork cross-shaped, wider at posterior 1/4 of its length (Fig. 12F ). Lateral sclerite of genital plate large, half as long as genital fork. Genital opening T-shaped, two darker areas between genital opening and genital fork small indistinct (Fig. 12F ).

Larva: Unknown.

Pupa: Unknown.

Distribution.

Russia: Kuril Islands. Japan: Honshu, Shikoku ( Nakamura 2014; Oosterbroek 2020), first records from Hokkaido and Kyushu (Fig. 17 ).

Flying period.

Usually flying between the end of July and the middle of November, but also collected in May.

Figures

Figure 2. Characters of head parts of Nipponomyia trispinosa (Alexander), SEM A compound eye, 300 x (magnification) B compound eye, 1500 x C antenna, 100 x D flagellomeres 1 to 5, 300 x E flagellomere 9, 700 x. Abbreviations: mt - microtrichia, pe - pedicel, sc - scape, sen - sensilla, ve - verticel. Scale bars: 33.3 μm (A, D), 6.67 μm (B), 100 μm (C), 14.3 μm (E).

Figure 3. Characters of anterior body parts of Nipponomyia trispinosa (Alexander) A drawing, lateral view B first two sternites, ventral view C SEM, lateral view D dorsolateral view of presutural area of scutum, 150 x (magnification) E tarsal claves 500 x. Abbreviations: aprn - antepronotum, bw - base of the wing, bh - base of the halter, cerv scl - cervical sclerite, cx - coxa, epm - epimeron, epst - episternum, lbl - labellum, ltg - laterotergite, mr - meron, ma - membranous area of sternite 2, mtg - mediotergite, mtast - metepisternum, p 1 - p 5 - palpomeres, pprn - postpronotum, prsa - presutural area of scutum, posa - postsutural area of scutum, psct - prescutum, scp - scape, sct - scutum, sctl - scutellum, st - sternite, tg - tergite, tr - trochanter. Scale bars: 500 μm (C), 150 μm (D), 40 μm (E).

Figure 4. Nipponomyia wings A wing venation of N. trispinosa (Alexander) B N. kuwanai (Alexander) from Aomori Prefecture, Honshu C N. kuwanai from Ishikari Mts, Hokkaido D N. pentacantha Alexander E N. okinawensis Kolcsar & Kato, sp. nov. F N. trispinosa (Alexander) G N. yakushimensis Kolcsar & Kato, sp. nov.

Figure 12. Female terminalia of Nipponomyia species A, B N. kuwanai (Alexander) C, D N. okinawensis Kolcsar & Kato, sp. nov. E, F N. trispinosa (Alexander) A, C, E lateral view B, D, F ventral view of genital plate, sternite 10, and cerci.

Figure 15. Nipponomyia trispinosa (Alexander) A habitus, lateral view B anterior body parts, lateral view C thorax, dorsal view.

Figure 16. Male terminalia of Nipponomyia trispinosa (Alexander) A, B dorsal view C, D ventral view E, F lateral view G, H gonocoxite and gonostylus, inner lateral view I, J aedeagus complex, lateral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A-F), 0.2 mm (G, H), 0.2 mm (I, J).

Figure 17. Distribution data of Nipponomyia trispinosa (Alexander). White circles designate literature data, while red circles are new data obtained in this study.