Adenopodia C. Presl, Epimel. Bot.: 206. 1851.

Bruneau, Anne, de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Ringelberg, Jens J., Borges, Leonardo M., Bortoluzzi, Roseli Lopes da Costa, Brown, Gillian K., Cardoso, Domingos B. O. S., Clark, Ruth P., Conceicao, Adilva de Souza, Cota, Matheus Martins Teixeira, Demeulenaere, Else, de Stefano, Rodrigo Duno, Ebinger, John E., Ferm, Julia, Fonseca-Cortes, Andres, Gagnon, Edeline, Grether, Rosaura, Guerra, Ethiene, Haston, Elspeth, Herendeen, Patrick S., Hernandez, Hector M., Hopkins, Helen C. F., Huamantupa-Chuquimaco, Isau, Hughes, Colin E., Ickert-Bond, Stefanie M., Iganci, Joao, Koenen, Erik J. M., Lewis, Gwilym P., de Lima, Haroldo Cavalcante, de Lima, Alexandre Gibau, Luckow, Melissa, Marazzi, Brigitte, Maslin, Bruce R., Morales, Matias, Morim, Marli Pires, Murphy, Daniel J., O'Donnell, Shawn A., Oliveira, Filipe Gomes, Oliveira, Ana Carla da Silva, Rando, Juliana Gastaldello, Ribeiro, Petala Gomes, Ribeiro, Carolina Lima, Santos, Felipe da Silva, Seigler, David S., da Silva, Guilherme Sousa, Simon, Marcelo F., Soares, Marcos Vinicius Batista & Terra, Vanessa, 2024, Advances in Legume Systematics 14. Classification of Caesalpinioideae. Part 2: Higher-level classification, PhytoKeys 240, pp. 1-552 : 1

Adenopodia C. Presl, Epimel. Bot.: 206. 1851.

Figs 182 , 184

Pseudoentada Britton & Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 23: 191. 1928. Type: Pseudoentada patens (Hook. & Arn.) Britton & Rose [≡ Inga patens Hook. & Arn. (≡ Adenopodia patens (Hook. & Arn.) J.R. Dixon ex Brenan)]

Entada subg. Acanthentada Brenan, Kew Bull. 20: 366. 1966. Type: Entada spicata (E. Mey.) Druce [≡ Mimosa spicata E. Mey. (≡ Adenopodia spicata (E. Mey.) C. Presl)]

Type.

Adenopodia spicata (E. Mey.) C. Presl [≡ Mimosa spicata E. Mey.]

Description.

Lianas, rarely shrubs or treelets; indumentum composed of simple trichomes; brachyblasts absent; branches armed with scattered, sometimes paired, recurved prickles. Stipules present, caducous or persistent. Leaves bipinnate, often with prickles on petioles and pinnae; extrafloral nectaries on the petiole and sometimes also between each pinnae pair; pinnae 1-many pairs, opposite; leaflets 1-many pairs, opposite. Inflorescences cylindrical spikes, white, yellow, pink or purple, often organised in panicles. Flowers 5-merous, diplostemonous; calyx gamosepalous; corolla polypetalous or gamopetalous; stamens 10, anthers with an apical gland; pollen in 16-grained polyads; ovary pubescent. Fruit a craspedium, straight or curved, sometimes armed along the margins. Seeds ellipsoid to spheroid; pleurogram present.

Chromosome number.

Unknown, indicated as possibly 2 n = 28 by Lewis and Elias (1981) but more likely to be 2 n = 26, as in the closely related Mimosa and Piptadenia .

Included species and geographic distribution.

Seven species (see notes below). Three species are restricted to Mexico and Central America, and four occur disjunctly across sub-Saharan Africa (Fig. 184 ).

Ecology.

In the New World confined to seasonally dry tropical forest, in Africa, on the margins of rain and deciduous forests, thickets and disturbed habitats.

Etymology.

From Greek, adeno - (= gland) and - podia (= foot), likely a reference to the shortly pedicellate anther glands.

Human uses.

Adenopodia spicata has anti-hypertensive properties ( Duncan et al. 1999) and in South Africa is used in spiritual rituals, and to treat lice infestation and respiratory illness ( Sobiecki 2002; Mhlongo and Van Wyk 2019; Cock and Van Vuuren 2020).

Notes.

Brenan (1986) included 10 species in Adenopodia , of which three have valvately dehiscent legumes (not craspedia), and, thus, belong to Piptadenia as noted by Barneby (1986): P. floribunda Kleinhoonte, P. minutiflora Ducke, and P. uaupensis Spruce ex Benth. Only a few species of Adenopodia have been examined for nodulation and reports are mixed, with one species nodulating [ A. patens (Hook. & Arn.) J.R. Dixon ex Brenan; Faria et al. 2022] and another not [ A. scelerata (A. Chev.) Brenan; Diabate et al. 2005].

Taxonomic references.

Barneby (1986); Brenan (1986).

Figures

Figure 182. Adenopodia and Piptadenia diversity A Adenopodia gymnantha Brenan fruiting branch B fruits C Piptadenia ramosissima Benth., branch with prickles aligned along raised ribs D P. retusa (Jacq.) P. G. Ribeiro, Seigler & Ebinger, vegetative branch E, F P. micracantha Benth. E flowering branch F fruits. Photo credits A, B EOA Perez C-F LP Queiroz.

Figure 184. Distribution of Adenopodia based on quality-controlled digitised herbarium records. See Suppl. material 1 for the source of occurrence data.