Pastinachus sephen: AMNH

DE CARVALHO, MARCELO R., MAISEY, JOHN G. & GRANDE, LANCE, 2004, Freshwater Stingrays Of The Green River Formation Of Wyoming (Early Eocene), With The Description Of A New Genus And Species And An Analysis Of Its Phylogenetic Relationships (Chondrichthyes: Myliobatiformes), Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2004 (284), pp. 1-136 : 10-12

Pastinachus sephen: AMNH 44057 (XR), USNM

39982, USNM 147420. Pteroplatytrygon violacea: MZUSP 49061 (D). Taeniura grabata: MNHN 1989 –1793 (D). Taeniura lymma: AMNH 44076 (XR), AMNH

44076 (D), AMNH 44079 (C&S).

Potamotrygonidae

Paratrygon aiereba: MZUSP 14772 (XR), AMNH uncataloged (D).

Plesiotrygon iwamae: MZUSP 42848 (D, XR), MNHN uncataloged (XR).

Potamotrygon brachyura: MZUSP 14819 (XR).

Potamotrygon falkneri: UERJ 718.1 (D).

Potamotrygon henlei: MZUSP 14768 (XR).

Potamotrygon leopoldi: UERJ 719 (D, XR), MZUSP 35986 (XR).

Potamotrygon magdalenae: AMNH 55620 (C&S), MNHN 2368 (holotype; XR).

Potamotrygon motoro: AMNH 44034 (SW, C&S), MZUSP 19190 (D), FMNH 94503 (C&S).

Potamotrygon cf. motoro: AMNH 38138 (C&S, 4 specimens), AMNH 44032 (XR), AMNH 44034 (SW).

Potamotrygon cf. ocellata: MNRJ 10620 (XR).

Potamotrygon orbignyi: AMNH uncataloged (D, XR), MZUSP 14794 (XR).

Potamotrygon signata: MCZ 600 (syntype; XR).

Potamotrygon sp. (Rio Negro): MNRJ 3532 (D).

Potamotrygon sp. (Rio Taquari): MZUSP 25663 (XR).

Potamotrygon sp. nov. (Rio Tapajós): MZUSP 25489 (XR), MZUSP 25580 (XR).

Potamotrygon sp. nov. (Río Corantijn): USNM 225574 (XR).

Gymnuridae

Gymnura australis: CSIRO H 37 (XR), CSIRO H 323 (XR), CSIRO C 3584 (XR).

Gymnura japonica: AMNH 26691 (XR).

Gymnura marmorata: AMNH 18599 (XR).

Gymnura micrura: FMNH 89990 (C&S).

Myliobatidae

Aetomylaeus maculatus: AMNH 32500 (XR).

Aetobatus narinari: AMNH 44142 (XR, dorsal fin and caudal stings only), AMNH 53029 (C&S, gill arches only), AMNH 222833 (SW).

Mobula kuhlii: AMNH 15319 (C&S).

Mobula sp. : AMNH P 123 (SD).

Myliobatis californica: AMNH uncataloged (XR).

Myliobatis freminvillii: AMNH 15333 (XR).

Rhinoptera bonasus: AMNH 3728 (XR).

Fossil stingrays examined for this study, in addition to specimens from the Green Riv­ er Formation, are listed below. This material is from the Eocene Monte Bolca Formation of northeastern Italy; the entire Monte Bolca batoid fauna is currently under review (Carvalho, in prep.). Familial, generic, and some specific assignments below are regarded as provisional.

Dasyatidae

†‘‘ Dasyatis ’’ dezignoi: MCSNV VII B 86 and 87 (part and counterpart); UP 150 Z and 151 Z (part and counterpart).

†‘‘ Dasyatis ’’ muricata: MCSNV VII B 92 and 93 (part and counterpart); MCSNV T 1020 and 1021 (part and counterpart); MCSNV IG 186653 and 186654 (part and counterpart); UP 159 Z and 160 Z (part and counterpart).

†‘‘ Dasyatis ’’ sp.: MCSNV IG 23193 and 23194 (part and counterpart); MCSNV IG 129652 ; MCSNV IG 129653 .

Urolophidae

†‘‘ Urolophus ’’ crassicaudatus: MCSNV VII B 82 and 83 (part and counterpart); MCSNV VII B 84 and 85 (part and counterpart); MCSNV T 317 and 318 (part and counterpart); MCSNV VR 26607 and 26608 (part and counterpart).

†‘‘ Urolophus ’’ sp.: MCSNV IG 174554 ; UP 8875 and 8876 (part and counterpart); UP 26227.

Myliobatidae

† Promyliobatis gazolae: MCSNV VII B 90 and

91 (part and counterpart).

ABBREVIATIONS

Institutional

AMNH Department of Ichthyology (Division of Vertebrate Zoology), American Museum of Natural History

AMNH P Fossil Fish Collection (Division of Paleontology), American Museum of Natural History

AMS Australian Museum (Sydney)

ANSP Academy of Natural Sciences (Philadelphia)

CAS California Academy of Sciences (San Francisco)

CSIRO Commonwealth Scientific and Research Organization (Hobart)

CU Cornell University (Ithaca)

DMNH Denver Museum of Natural History (Denver)

FMNH Department of Zoology (Division of Fishes), Field Museum of Natural History (Chicago)

FMNH PF Department of Geology (Fossil Fish Collection), Field Museum of Natural History (Chicago)

FUMT University Museum, University of Tokyo (Tokyo)

IRSNB Institut Royal des Sciences Naturales de Belgique (Brussels)

MCSNV Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Verona (Verona)

MNHN Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle (Paris)

MNRJ Museu Nacional (Rio de Janeiro)

MZUSP Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo (São Paulo)

NHM The Natural History Museum (London) (formerly BMNH)

NMV National Museum of Victoria (Melbourne)

NNM Nationaal Natuurhistorisch Museum (Leiden) (formerly RMNH)

OSU Oregon State University (Corvallis)

QM Queensland Museum (Brisbane)

RUSI J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology, Rhodes University (Grahamstown) (presently South African Institute of Aquatic Biodiversity, SAIAB)

SAM South African Museum (Cape Town)

SMF Senckenberg Museum (Frankfurt)

SMMP Science Museum of Minnesota (St. Paul)

TCWC Texas A&M University, Department of Wildlife and Fisheries (College Station)

UERJ Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Departamento de Biologia (Rio de Janeiro)

USNM National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution (Washington, DC)

UP Universitá di Padova (Padova)

UW Geological Museum, University of Wyoming (Laramie)

WAM Western Australian Museum (Perth)

YPM Peabody Museum of Natural History, Yale University (New Haven)

ZMB Institut für Systematische Zoologie der Humboldt Universität (Berlin)

ZMH Zoologisches Institut und Museum, Universität Hamburg (Hamburg)

Anatomical

aac anterior angular cartilage

ac angular cartilage

avf anteroventral foramen

aoc antorbital cartilage ax axial cartilage b beta cartilage bb basibranchial copula (medial plate) bh basihyal bp basipterygium bpl basal (trabecular) plate cal irregular calcification within hyoman­

dibular­Meckelian ligament cb1 ceratobranchial 1 cb2 ceratobranchial 2 cb5 ceratobranchial 5 cl clasper cr cartilaginous rod cst caudal sting ct syn cervicothoracic synarcual da denticle apex db denticle base df dorsal fin dm dorsal marginal cartilage dph dorsal pseudohyoid bar dr dorsal radial element dtf dorsal tail­fold e eye eb5 epibranchial 5 efr enlarged first radial element of pelvic

fin epb epiphysial bar fica foramen for internal carotid artery fpf frontoparietal fontanelle ga gill arches (with asscociated gill rays) gr gill rays ha hemal arch hb1 hypobranchial 1 hyo hyomandibula ilp iliac process is intermediate segment isp ischial process lpp lateral prepelvic process ls lateral stay of cervicothoracic synar­

cual Mc Meckel’s cartilage mdc medial crest of cervicothoracic synar­

cual mes mesopterygium met metapterygium mt median (expanded) tooth and toothrow n neurocranium na nasal aperture nc nasal capsule ncr nasal cartilage(s) ns neural spine oc olfactory canal of obturator foramen on optic (II) nerve onc orbitonasal canal (posterior foramen) pac posterior angular cartilage pec r pectoral radial pel r pelvic radial paf parietal fossa pb1 pharyngobranchial 1 pb5 pharyngobranchial 5 pcf precerebral fontanelle (also pc or pf) pib puboischiadic bar poc preorbital canal pop postorbital process pp (median) prepelvic process pq palatoquadrate pro propterygium prp preorbital process psc prespiracular cartilage re rostral extremity ro rostral cartilage (rostrum) sc scapulocoracoid scp scapular process se sensory canal (junction of prenasal and

subrostral canals) sp supraorbital process spo spiracular opening ssc suprascapula t teeth tc terminal cartilages of clasper tl syn thoracolumbar synarcual cartilage vc vertebral centrum vm ventral marginal cartilage vph ventral pseudohyoid bar vr ventral radial element vt ventral terminal cartilage (ventral

covering piece of other authors) vtf ventral tail­fold