Plesionika

Ahamed, Ferdous, Cardoso, Irene A., Ahmed, Zoarder F., Hossain, Md. Y. & Ohtomi, Jun, 2017, An overview of the genus Plesionika Bate, 1888 (Decapoda, Caridea, Pandalidae) in Asian waters, Zootaxa 4221 (5), pp. 575-593 : 577-579

Key to Asian species of Plesionika

1. Carapace armed with dorsal teeth in two thirds of its length........................... P. spinidorsalis (Rathbun, 1906)

- Carapace without dorsal teeth in two thirds of its length.......................................................2

2. Rostrum with high basal crest............................................................................3

- Rostrum with low basal crest.......................................................................... .. 6

3. Rostrum unarmed dorsally (excluding basal crest and subapical teeth) or armed with one or two teeth................. 4

- Rostrum armed dorsally (excluding basal crest and subapical teeth) with more than two teeth....... P. lophotes Chace, 1985

4. Rostrum unarmed dorsally (excluding basal crest and subapical teeth)............................................5

- Rostrum armed dorsally (excluding basal crest and subapical teeth) with one or two teeth...... P. rufomaculata Chan, 2004

5. Rostrum with two subapical teeth...................................................... P. hsuehyui Chan, 2004

- Rostrum without subapical teeth............................................. P. albocristata Chan & Chuang, 2002

6. Rostrum short, not reaching or slightly overreaching level of distal end of antennal scale.............................7

- Rostrum long, far overreaching level of distal end of antennal scale............................................. 12

7. Rostrum unarmed dorsally (excluding that teeth before orbital margin and the subapical teeth)........................8

- Rostrum armed dorsally (excluding that teeth before orbital margin and the subapical teeth)..........................9

8. Rostrum ventral margin with 7–9 evenly distributed teeth between level of eye and tip.................................................................................................... P. erythrocyclus Chan & Crosnier, 1997

- Rostrum ventral margin with about 10 obscure serrations near apex......................... P. brevirostris Bate, 1888

9. Rostrum ventral margin unarmed or with appressed serrations.................................................10

- Rostrum ventral margin armed with teeth.................................................................. 11

10. Rostrum ventral marginunarmed.................................................... P. hypanodon Doflein, 1902

- Rostrum ventral margin with 7–13 appressed serrations becoming obscure anteriorly........... P. acinacifer Chace, 1985

11. Rostrum ventral margin armed with 3–5 teeth in anterior half of rostrum....................... P. kensleyi Chace, 1985

- Rostrum ventral margin armed with 9–10 small teeth...................................... P. persica (Kemp, 1925)

12. Rostrum dorsally unarmed after antennular peduncle.........................................................13

- Rostrum dorsally armed with teeth after antennular peduncle.................................................. 23

13. Fourth pair of pereopods without epipods................................................................. 14

- Fourth pair of pereopods with epipods....................................................................15

14. With epipods on pereopods 1–3...................................................... P. intermedia Chace, 1985

- Without epipods on pereopods 1–3................................................... P. simulatrix Chace, 1985

15. Teeth on rostral crest with barbed tips..................................................... P. pumila Chace, 1985

- Teeth on rostral crest with sharp point....................................................................16

16. Abdominal somite 3 tergum with right angle or acute posterodorsal tooth........................................17

- Abdominal somite 3 tergum posterodorsally rounded and unarmed............................................. 19

17. Rostrum relatively short, about 1.7 carapace length........................................ P. williamsi Forest, 1963

- Rostrum relatively long, more than twice carapace length.....................................................18

18. Third abdominal somite not recurved dorsally; pereopod 3 dactyl usually less than 0.25 as long as propod............................................................................................ P. ensis (Milne-Edwards, 1881)

- Third abdominal somite usually with posterodorsal tooth recurved dorsally; pereopod 3 dactyl usually less than 0.25 as long as propod............................................................................. P. reflexa Chace, 1985

19. Rostrum ventrally armed with few teeth (8–23)........................................ P. alcocki (Anderson, 1896)

- Rostrum ventrally armed with many teeth (19–53)......................................................... 20

20. Eye kidney shaped.................................................................. P. semilaevis Bate, 1888

- Eye ovoid...........................................................................................21

21. Pereopod 5 propod thread like, extremely long, at least three times as long as carapace...... P. taiwanica Chan& Yu, 2000

- Pereopod 5 propod not thread like, long but less than three times as long as carapace...............................22

22. Telson subequal to abdominal somite 6................................................ P. orientalis Chace, 1985

- Telson longer than abdominal somite 6........................................... P. martia (Milne-Edwards, 1883)

23. Rostrum armed with numerous closely set teeth almost the entire length of both borders............................24

- Rostrum not armed with numerous closely set teeth almost the entire length of both borders......................... 29

24. Abdominal somite 5 pleura with posteroventral denticle......................................................25

- Abdominal somite 5 pleura without posteroventral denticle.................................................. 27

25. Pereopods 1–4 with epipods........................................................... P. indica De Man, 1917

- Pereopods 1–4 without epipods..........................................................................26

26. Posterior 10 ventral rostral teeth corresponding to 8 or fewer dorsal teeth, penultimate segment of maxilliped 3 usually less than 1.5 times as long as terminal segment............................................ P. quasigrandis Chace, 1985

- Posterior 10 ventral rostral teeth corresponding to more than 8 dorsal teeth, penultimate segment of maxilliped 3 more than 1.5 times as long as terminal segment..................................................... P. grandis Doflein, 1902

27. Epipod well developed at maxilliped 3................................................. P. narval (Fabricius, 1787)

- Epipod absent or rudimentar at maxilliped 3.............................................................. 28

28. Maxilliped 3 without epipod, rostrum with posterior 10 ventral teeth corresponding to more than 7 dorsal teeth, pereopod 3 dactylus about 0.10 as long as propod............................................. P. longicauda (Rathbun, 1901)

- Maxilliped 3 with rudimentary epipod, rostrum with posterior 10 ventral teeth corresponding to less than 8 dorsal teeth, pereo- pod 3 dactylus more than 0.20 as long as propod..................................... P. yui Chan & Crosnier, 1991

29. Rostrum armed dorsally with widely set teeth at basal region and closely set teeth at distal region.....................30

- Rostrum armed dorsally with widely set teeth along its entire length or with very few teeth (1–5) after antennular peduncle level.............................................................................................. 33

30. Pereopods 3–4 without epipods...................................................... P. adensameri (Balss, 1914)

- Pereopods 3–4 with epipods reduced or well developed.................................................... .. 31

31. Pereopods 3–4 with well-developed epipods............................................. P. spinensis Chace, 1985

- Pereopods 3–4 with reduced epipods.................................................................... 32

32. Rostrum dorsally armed with one single fixed tooth before post-orbital margin leveland 16–29 teeth posterior to post-orbital

margin level, ventrally armed with 30–43 teeth on ventral border......................... P. crosnieri Chan & Yu, 1991 - Rostrum dorsally armed with 2–4 movable teeth before post-orbital margin level and 27–36 teeth posterior to post-orbital mar- gin level, ventrally armed with 37–52 teeth on ventral border.............................. P. edwardsii (Brandt, 1851)

33. Rostrum armed ventrally with less than 10 teeth........................................................... 34

- Rostrum armed ventrally with more than 10 teeth.......................................................... 37

34. Rostrum armed dorsally with 5 teeth, anterior 3 with barbed tips..................... P. longidactylus Li & Komai, 2003

- Rostrum dorsal teeth not barbed.........................................................................35

35. Rostrum armed dorsally with 5–10 teeth (including that before post-orbital margin level).................................................................................................... P. bifurca Alcock & Anderson, 1894

- Rostrum armed dorsally with more than 10 teeth (including that before post-orbital margin level).................... 36

36. Pereopod 3 with very short dactyl 0.08 to 0.16 times as long as propod....................... P. sindoi (Rathbun, 1906)

- Pereopod 3 with long dactyl 0.25 to 0.33 times as long as propod........................... P. fimbriata Chace, 1985

37. Rostrum armed ventrally with 10–15 teeth................................................................ 38

- Rostrum armed ventrally with more than 15 teeth.......................................................... 42

38. Pereopods 2 subequal.................................................................................39

- Peropods 2 unequal.................................................................................. 40

39. Rostrum dorsally armed throughout entire length with 17–18 teeth.......................... P. ortmanni Doflein, 1902

- Rostrum dorsally armed only until the end of scaphocerite level with 10–12 teeth............... P. carsini Crosnier, 1986

40. Rostrum armed dorsally with less than ten teeth......................................... P. assimilis De Man, 1917

- Rostrum armed dorsally with more than ten teeth........................................................... 41

41. Pereopod 2 left carpus with about 110 articles and right carpus with 27 or more articles........... P. binoculus (Bate, 1988)

- Pereopod 2 left carpus with 50–94 articles and right carpus with 18–24 articles.................. P. izumiae Omori, 1971

42. Pereopods 2 subequal............................................................ P. parvimartia Chace, 1985

- Peropods 2 unequal.................................................................................. 43

43. Rostrum armed dorsally with 6–7 teeth before antennal peduncle margin level and one isolated tooth in anterior ¼ of rostrum................................................................................... P. unidens Bate, 1888

- Rostrum armed dorsally throughout entire length with 11 –13 teeth.............................................44

44. Rostrum armed dorsally with 11–13 teeth............................................ P. philippinensis Chace, 1985

- Rostrum armed dorsally with 15–23 teeth........................................... P. heterocarpus (Costa, 1871)