Lycoriella (Lycoriella) sativae ( JOHANNSEN, 1912 )

Menzel, Frank, Vilkamaa, Pekka & Smith, Jane E., 2013, Overview of the Black Fungus Gnats from the Tristan da Cunha archipelago, including a redescription of Hyperlasion viridiventris (FREY) (Diptera: Sciaroidea: Sciaridae), Beiträge Zur Entomologie = Contributions to Entomology 63 (2), pp. 283-296 : 292

Lycoriella (Lycoriella) sativae ( JOHANNSEN, 1912)

( Figs 20, 21 )

Synonyms:

= Sciara trifolii PETTEY, 1918 ; = Sciara similans JOHANN- SEN, 1925; = Neosciara castanescens LENGERSDORF, 1940 ; = Sciara (Neosciara) brevipetiolata SHAW, 1941 ; = Sciara (Neosciara) kaiseri SHAW, 1941 ; = Bradysia (Chaetosciara) difficilis FREY, 1948 ; = Bradysia (Chaetosciara) fucorum FREY, 1948 ; = Bradysia (Chaetosciara) paucisetulosa FREY, 1948 ; = Lycoriella (Lycoriella) rufotincta TUOMIKOSKI, 1959 ; = Lycoriella agarici LOUDON, 1978 .

Selected literature:

– LENGERSDORF (1940): 28, fig. 11 [as Neosciara ]; – FREY (1948): 64 and 82 [as Bradysia difficilis ]; – FREY (1948): 60 and 80, plate 12, fig. 68 [as Bradysia fucorum ]; – FREY (1948): 63 and 82, plate 15, fig. 86 [as Bradysia paucisetulosa ]; – TUOMIKOSKI (1959): 172, figs 1d, 2b, 2h [as Lycoriella rufotincta ]; – TUOMIKOSKI (1960): 82 and 88, figs 18c, 20c [as Lycoriella fucorum ]; – TUOMIKOSKI (1960): 82 and 88, figs 17g, 18d, 20d; – FREEMAN (1983): 31, figs 93, 102; – CLIFT & LARSSON (1984): 49 [all as Lycoriella auripila (WINNERTZ) , misidentification]; – LOUDON (1978): 163, figs 1–8 [as Lycoriella agarici ]; – GASTON et al. (2003): 1096; – JONES et al. (2003): 241 and 247, fig. 30b [all as Lycoriella sp. B ]; – MENZEL & MOHRIG (2000): 386, figs 56, 71b, 353– 355; – GREENSLADE & CLIFT (2004): 82; – MENZEL et al. (2006): 108 [all as Lycoriella castanescens ]; – MOHRIG et al. (2013): 216, fig. 39a–d [as Lycoriella sativae ].

Material examined from the archipelago:

TRISTAN DA CUNHA ISLAND: West of Edinburgh settlement, 37°09'06"S 12°34'26"W, 127 ft. a.s.l., potato patches, cultivated cropland, Malaise trap (site 2, sample T 48), 1 ♂, 7–12.ii.2005, leg. Hänel. For more records see GASTON et al. (2003) and JONES et al. (2003).

Distribution:

A common Holarctic species. Known from United States (e.g. Arizona, Idaho, Illinois, Kansas, New York, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania), Australia, China (Taiwan), Japan, Mongolia, Russia (Asian territory: Far East, Altay), Afghanistan, Turkmenistan, Turkey (Asian territory), Iran, Egypt, Morocco, Canary and Madeira Islands [ Spain], Azores [ Portugal] and Europe ( Austria, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Russia [European territory], Slovakia, Spain [Iberian Peninsula, Balearic Islands], Sweden, Switzerland). Recorded by JONES et al. (2003) from Gough as Lycoriella sp. B . New to Tristan da Cunha Island.

Description: See MENZEL & MOHRIG (2000): 386, figs 56, 71b, 353–355.

Discussion:

Larvae are found in plant material in the soil and are involved in decomposition. They feed on fungi and in this connection have been regarded as a pest to mushroom growers (e.g. TIBBLES et al. 2005). Due to this probable relation with fungal hyphae Lycoriella sativae (JOHANNSEN) [= castanescens (LENGERSDORF) ] is common in nearly every kind of ecosystem throughout the Holarctic Region and most probably beyond. It is especially dominant in disturbed ecosystems like cultivated fields and temporarily flooded areas. For more detailed information about habitats see MENZEL et al. (2006).

Figures

Figs 18–23: Lycoriella ingenua (DUFOUR), male (Figs 18, 19): – Fig. 18: Hypopygium in ventral view; – Fig. 19: Right gonostyle in ventral view.Lycoriella sativae (JOHANNSEN), male (Figs 20, 21): – Fig. 20: Hypopygium in ventral view; – Fig. 21: Right gonostyle in ventral view. Pseudolycoriella setigera (HARDY), male (Figs 22, 23): – Fig. 22: Hypopygium in ventral view; – Fig. 23: Left gonostyle in ventral view.