Lurama Schaus, 1928: 667

St. Laurent, Ryan A., 2016, Revisions of the genera Lurama Schaus, 1928 and Ulmara Schaus, 1928 (Lepidoptera, Mimallonoidea, Mimallonidae) with the descriptions of three new Ulmara species and a new genus, ZooKeys 611, pp. 57-92 : 58-60

Taxon classification Animalia Lepidoptera Mimallonidae

Lurama Schaus, 1928: 667

Luramana Strand, 1932: 147, unnecessary replacement name ( Fletcher and Nye 1982).

Type species.

Perophora penia Dognin, 1919; Schaus 1928: 668, by original designation.

Diagnosis.

Lurama is immediately recognizable in both sexes among Mimallonidae by the yellow, yellow-gray, light-brown, or tan coloration of all wings, combined with prominent brown ante- and postmedial lines that strongly contrast against the lighter ground color. Wing veins are usually obvious and contrast against the ground color due to prominent brown scales lining them. Male genitalia are simple, but recognizable by the broad, short valves and the setae-covered lobes projecting from the transtilla. In Lurama the phallus is very narrow, pointed, and curved, being somewhat fishhook shaped. Lurama male genitalia are most similar to those of Ulmara , but can be distinguished by the following characters seen in Lurama : a much narrower phallus, less triangular valves, the absence of the gnathos, setae-covered structures on the ventrum of VIII, and teeth on the valves. The female genitalia are small, but stout and robust structures, with extremely reduced apophyses anteriores and corpus bursae. The highly reduced corpus bursae is the smallest in overall size in the family (compared to those examined so far). The female genitalia are similar in general structure to those of the female of Ulmara , but the genitalia of Lurama lack the broader, setae-covered lateral posterior lobe of VIII, and have a larger, though still very small by mimallonid standards, ductus bursae and corpus bursae, reflecting the much broader phallus of Ulmara relative to the extremely thin phallus of Lurama .

Description.

Male.Head: Tan brown to straw colored, eyes very large, occupying more than two thirds area of head, bordered posteriorly by dark scales; antenna coloration as for head, bipectinate to tip; labial palpus very reduced, three segmented, tufted ventrally, especially basal-most segment, palpus not extending beyond frons, heavily clothed in long scales, scales darker dorsally. Thorax: Coloration as for head, though it may be somewhat lighter, lustrous gold overall, darker-brown scales present on prothoracic collar. Legs: Coloration as for thorax, vestiture fine, appearing as spun gold. Tibial spurs somewhat elongated, tubular, clothed in scales except for tip. Forewing dorsum: Forewing length: 14.5-18 mm, wingspan: 27-35 mm, n=24. Variable overall; short, subtriangular to triangular, margin nearly straight from apex until after passing M3 where wing smoothly curves toward anal margin. Ground color variable from brown to tan to nearly yellow, overall lightly to heavily speckled by dark-brown or brown-gray petiolate scales, especially postmedially. Antemedial line brown, narrow to relatively wide, occasionally somewhat diffuse, slightly bowed outward. Postmedial line nearly straight or slightly curved inward from anal margin to Rs3, Rs4, or between Rs3 and Rs4, where line abruptly angled toward costa, forming nearly right angle, coloration and width as for antemedial line. Antemedial, medial, and postmedial areas concolorous, distance between lines variable. Costa and outer wing margin darker brown as in ante- and postmedial lines. Discal spot a dark-brown streak spanning width of discal cell, mesally slightly angled inward toward cell. Wing veins lined by dark-brown scales, colored as ante- and postmedial lines. Fringe poorly preserved ( Lurama penia ) or light brown with intermittent darker-brown scales. Forewing ventrum: Similar to dorsum but usually lighter; antemedial line nearly absent to absent and postmedial line may be lighter. Hindwing dorsum: Coloration as for forewing dorsum, antemedial line absent, postmedial line straight or curved outward. Hindwing ventrum: Following same pattern as forewing ventrum but postmedial line always curved outward. Base of wing usually covered by dark-brown scales from thorax. Frenulum present as single bristle, size somewhat variable. Venation: CuA1 arising nearly midway between lower angle of cell and CuA2; M2 and M3 arise from essentially same point of lower angle of cell, otherwise typical of Mimallonidae . Abdomen: Concolorous with thorax, distal tip with tuft of black scales. Genitalia: (Figs 11, 12) n=12. [based on Lurama quindiuna only] Simple; vinculum somewhat box-like, ventrally with reduced saccus, posterior edge of VIII attached to saccus, weakly bilobed. Uncus simple, triangular, excised laterally, highly truncated apically, laterally uncus beak-like. Gnathos absent. Valves short, irregularly shaped, somewhat triangular, truncated apically forming lobe, lobe occasionally narrow, valves often slightly curled mesally. Transtilla with inward angled lobes dorsal to phallus, from which extremely long, non-deciduous setae arise. Setae pointed outward directly over phallus. Saccular edge of valves with setae, occasionally nearly as long as those of lobes. Diaphragm forms balloon-like sac expanded inward into abdomen, sac covered in fine, inward facing setae surrounding phallus. Juxta partially fused to phallus, encircling it, lightly sclerotized, especially dorsal to phallus, weak sclerotization gives way to membrane con tiguous with diaphragm setae-sac. Phallus short, very thin, tubular, bent, fishhook-like, terminal opening oblique, from which very small vesica emerges; base of phallus somewhat variable in length. Female. [based on Lurama quindiuna only] Head: As for male but antennae much smaller overall, pectination particularly shorter. Thorax: As for male though brown scales along prothoracic collar may be darker. Legs: As for male. Forewing dorsum: Forewing length: 17-18 mm, wingspan: 32-34 mm, n=2. As for male but slightly broader, longer, discal mark skewed toward M3. Forewing ventrum: Similar to dorsum but may be more suffused with brown, antemedial line absent. Hindwing dorsum: Coloration as for forewing dorsum, antemedial line absent, postmedial line straight or curved outward. Hindwing ventrum: Following same pattern as forewing ventrum but postmedial line always curved outward. Frenulum as multiple bristles, length shorter than in male. Abdomen: Concolorous with or slightly darker than thorax, distal tip with tuft of black scales. Genitalia: (Fig. 13) n=2. Stout, robust; tergite of VIII forms smooth, posteriorly directed arch, VIII heavily sclerotized laterally, forming posteriorly directed lobes covered in minute, fine setae. Apophyses anteriores highly reduced, nearly absent, apophyses posteriores elongate, spanning length of genitalia structure. Lamella antevaginalis wide, robust, concave, covered in short setae, ventral margin of lamella smoothly curved or slightly angled upward mesally. Ductus bursae short, very narrow. Corpus bursae highly atrophied, baglike, wing scales present within corpus bursae in both dissections. Base of papillae anales with nested accordion-like sclerotizations. Papillae anales somewhat rectangular laterally, dorsal corner may be somewhat extended as lobe; papillae anales covered with fine setae.

Remarks.

Lurama is a small, easily recognizable genus endemic to relatively high elevations of the Andes of Colombia and Ecuador. See individual species remarks for unresolvable issues pertaining to the type specimens of the two named species. A holistic revision is not possible for Lurama due to the issues pertaining to the type material of the named species; however, the genus is included in the present work due to the biogeographic similarity to Ulmara and the obvious homology in structures of the male and female genitalia. I recognize that more than one taxa likely exists under the name Lurama quindiuna in the present treatment, however due to aforementioned issues which will be explained in detail in each respective species remarks sections, no new taxa are described in Lurama .

Key to species of Lurama *

*Note: the female of Lurama penia is unknown.