Diptychandra Tul., Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot. ser . 2, 20: 139. 1843.

Bruneau, Anne, de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Ringelberg, Jens J., Borges, Leonardo M., Bortoluzzi, Roseli Lopes da Costa, Brown, Gillian K., Cardoso, Domingos B. O. S., Clark, Ruth P., Conceicao, Adilva de Souza, Cota, Matheus Martins Teixeira, Demeulenaere, Else, de Stefano, Rodrigo Duno, Ebinger, John E., Ferm, Julia, Fonseca-Cortes, Andres, Gagnon, Edeline, Grether, Rosaura, Guerra, Ethiene, Haston, Elspeth, Herendeen, Patrick S., Hernandez, Hector M., Hopkins, Helen C. F., Huamantupa-Chuquimaco, Isau, Hughes, Colin E., Ickert-Bond, Stefanie M., Iganci, Joao, Koenen, Erik J. M., Lewis, Gwilym P., de Lima, Haroldo Cavalcante, de Lima, Alexandre Gibau, Luckow, Melissa, Marazzi, Brigitte, Maslin, Bruce R., Morales, Matias, Morim, Marli Pires, Murphy, Daniel J., O'Donnell, Shawn A., Oliveira, Filipe Gomes, Oliveira, Ana Carla da Silva, Rando, Juliana Gastaldello, Ribeiro, Petala Gomes, Ribeiro, Carolina Lima, Santos, Felipe da Silva, Seigler, David S., da Silva, Guilherme Sousa, Simon, Marcelo F., Soares, Marcos Vinicius Batista & Terra, Vanessa, 2024, Advances in Legume Systematics 14. Classification of Caesalpinioideae. Part 2: Higher-level classification, PhytoKeys 240, pp. 1-552 : 1

Diptychandra Tul., Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot. ser. 2, 20: 139. 1843.

Figs 79 , 80 , 81 , 83

Type.

Diptychandra aurantiaca Tul.

Description.

Trees or shrubs, unarmed. Stipules scale-like. Leaves paripinnate; leaflets 2-4, opposite. Inflorescences in terminal unbranched racemes, 3.5-20 cm long; bracts and bracteoles minute, caducous. Flowers radially symmetrical; hypanthium cupulate; sepals 5, free, often with red dots; petals 5, yellow, clawed; androecium monomorphic, stamens 10, free; pollen in tetrads, moderately reticulate; ovary stipitate, stigma punctiform. Fruit a dehiscent, linear-oblong, compressed legume, the two valves ligneous with resinous dots, 1-2 (4)-seeded. Seeds ellipsoid-complanate, winged.

Chromosome number.

Unknown.

Included species and geographic distribution.

Three species, one of which is widespread throughout most of western Brazil extending to Bolivia and Paraguay; and the remaining two are each endemic to north-eastern Brazil and Colombia (Fig. 83 ).

Ecology.

Mostly in savannas and seasonally dry forests, except for D. granadillo C. Romero & Arbeláez which occurs in Andean mountain forests.

Etymology.

The generic name is derived from Greek, diptycho - (= twice folded) and - andro (= stamen), the stamen filaments are twice folded in bud.

Human uses.

Species of the genus are used as timber for construction and charcoal. The wood of D. granadillo has been reported to be very hard and difficult to saw ( Romero-Hernández and Arbeláez 2017).

Notes.

Diptychandra is characterised by the paripinnate leaves and the flowers radially symmetrical with cupulate hypanthium and sepals often with red dots. The fruits are dehiscent, linear-oblong, bearing valves with resinous dots and 1-2(4) winged seeds. The last taxonomic revision of the genus, including a key to all species, was provided by Escobar (2018).

Taxonomic references.

Escobar (2018); Lima et al. (1990); Lima and Kuntz (2020); Romero-Hernández and Arbeláez (2017); Tulasne (1843).

Figures

Figure 79. Vegetative morphology of Sclerolobieae A Moldenhawera nutans L. P. Queiroz, G. P. Lewis & Allkin shrubby individual in a Restinga sand dune field B Diptychandra aurantiaca (Mart.) Tul. tree in a Caatinga seasonally dry setting C Arapatiella psilophylla (Harms) R. S. Cowan flowering tree D Tachigali amplifolia (Ducke) Barneby large, buttressed tree E Jacqueshuberia purpurea Ducke pinnate stipule F leaf G detail of a leaf H Tachigali rugosa (Mart. ex Benth.) Zarucchi & Pipoly leaf with characteristic inversely symmetrical leaflets I, J Tachigali sp. details of leaf domatia K, L variation in stipule shape. Photo credits A, C, E-L D Cardoso B RT Queiroz https: // rubens-plantasdobrasil. blogspot. com / D I Huamantupa.

Figure 80. Floral morphology of Sclerolobieae A Moldenhawera lushnathiana Yakovlev highly branched inflorescence B Moldenhawera nutans L. P. Queiroz, G. P. Lewis & Allkin flowering branch, showing the typical navicular leaves with rust-coloured leaflet abaxial surface C flowers D Diptychandra aurantiaca (Mart.) Tul. flowering branch E inflorescence F Arapatiella psilophylla (Harms) R. S. Cowan inflorescences G flowers H Jacqueshuberia purpurea Ducke flower I Tachigali macrostachya Huber candelabrum-like inflorescences J Tachigali amarumayu Huamantupa, H. C. Lima & D. B. O. S. Cardoso densely paniculate inflorescences K Tachigali paraensis (Huber) Barneby radially symmetrical flowers L Tachigali paniculata Aubl. bilaterally symmetrical flowers M Tachigali macrostachya bilaterally symmetrical flowers. Photo credits A LP Queiroz B, C, F, G, I, K-M D Cardoso J I Huamantupa D, E RT Queiroz https: // rubens-plantasdobrasil. blogspot. com / H M Cohn-Haft.

Figure 81. Fruit morphology of Sclerolobieae A Moldenhawera polysperma (Vell.) Stellfeld old fruit valves B Diptychandra aurantiaca (Mart.) Tul. fruits C fruit opened showing the characteristic winged seed D Arapatiella psilophylla (Harms) R. S. Cowan immature fruit E Jacqueshuberia purpurea Ducke immature fruits F Tachigali macrostachya Huber immature fruits G Tachigali rugosa (Mart. ex Benth.) Zarucchi & Pipoly mature fruits. Photo credits A C Vivas B, C RT Queiroz https: // rubens-plantasdobrasil. blogspot. com / D-F D Cardoso G LP Queiroz.

Figure 83. Distribution of Diptychandra based on quality-controlled digitised herbarium records. See Suppl. material 1 for the source of occurrence data.