Subilla Navas , 1916

Aspoeck, Horst & Aspoeck, Ulrike, 2023, The snakeflies of the Mediterranean islands: review and biogeographical analysis (Neuropterida, Raphidioptera), Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 70 (1), pp. 175-218 : 175

Subilla Navas, 1916

Subilla Navás, 1916 (odescr) [type species by original designation: Raphidia sericea Albarda, 1891]: H. Aspöck et al. 1989 (biogeogr, distr; ill: distrmap); H. Aspöck et al. 1991 (mon); Oswald and Penny 1991 (cat, nom); H. Aspöck et al. 2001 (anncat); H. Aspöck 2002 (biol, paras); H. Aspöck and U. Aspöck 2007 (ill: map); Monserrat and Papenberg 2010 (biogeogr, chorol); Haring et al. 2011 (phyl); U. Aspöck et al. 2012 (fig: phyltree; list); H. Aspöck and U. Aspöck 2013 (cat, etymol, phyl), 2014 (cat); Monserrat and Papenberg 2015 (synlist).

Taxonomy and systematics.

H. Aspöck et al. (1991), Haring et al. (2011). Subilla is a very conspicuous genus clearly differentiated by imaginal as well as by larval characters from all other genera of the family. The sister taxon is probably Tauroraphidia H. Aspöck & U. Aspöck & Rausch, 1982. In the molecular phylogenetic analysis of the Raphidiidae ( Haring et al. 2011) the genus Ulrike H. Aspöck emerged as the sister taxon of Subilla , however, Tauroraphidia was not available for this analysis. The genus comprises altogether ten species, five of these ( S. confinis , S. aliena , S. artemis , S. xylidiophila , S. walteri ) form the Subilla confinis -group, Subilla three others ( S. physodes , S. priapella , S. colossea ) the Raphidia physodes -group, while S. fatma and S. principiae are somewhat isolated, although they show affinities to the Raphidia physodes -group.

Biology and ecology.

Larvae of all species corticolous, some species particularly on Quercus , some (also or preferably) on conifers ( Pinus , Abies ). Development at least two or Subilla three years. Last hibernating stage: full-grown larva. Adults: (IV)V-VI(VII).

Distribution.

All European peninsulas, Central, Western and Eastern Europe, Anatolia. Altogether four species have been found on Mediterranean islands: Sardinia, Sicily, Levkas, Rhodes. Each of these islands harbors onlyone Subilla species.