Garcinia section Xanthochymus (Roxb.) Pierre, Fl. Forest. Cochinch. 1, Fasc. 5, 3 (1883). Clade 1

Gaudeul, Myriam, Sweeney, Patrick & Munzinger, Jerome, 2024, An updated infrageneric classification of the pantropical species-rich genus Garcinia L. (Clusiaceae) and some insights into the systematics of New Caledonian species, based on molecular and morphological evidence, PhytoKeys 239, pp. 73-105 : 73

1. Garcinia section Xanthochymus (Roxb.) Pierre, Fl. Forest. Cochinch. 1, Fasc. 5, 3 (1883). Clade 1

Figs 2 , 3

Basionym.

Xanthochymus Roxb., Pl. Coromandel 2(4): 51, t. 196 (1805).

Type.

Xanthochymus pictorius Roxb. [≡ Garcinia xanthochymus Hook.f. ex T. Anderson Fl. Brit. India [J. D. Hooker] 1(2): 269 (1874)] .

Distinguishing sectional characters.

Flowers usually five-merous (rarely four-merous). Staminate flowers with stamens united into fascicles with filaments united for at least ½ (usually considerably more) of their length. Pollen five- to seven-colporate ( Jones 1980). Ovaries with five (rarely four) locules and a single ovule per locule, placentation axile. Afrotropics, Indomalaya, and tropical Australasia.

This section largely corresponds Garcinia Xanthochymus sensu Jones (1980); however, based on molecular data [this study and Sweeney (2008)] and morphology, we exclude G. hollrungii Lauterb. and G. prainiana King (and the closely allied G. phuongmaiensis V.S.Dang, H.Toyama & D.L.A.Tuan). We also include here G. conrauana Engl. and G. giadidii De Wild. [= G. kola Heckel] - the only two species that Jones (1980) placed into Garcinia Tetraphalangium Engl., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 40(4): 562 (1908), Type. Garcinia conrauana Engl.

Species.

Garcinia cambodgiensis Vesque; G. capuronii Z.S.Rogers & P.W.Sweeney; G. conrauana Engl.; G. densivenia Engl.; G. dulcis (Roxb.) Kurz; G. gamblei Shameer, T.Sabu & N.Mohanan; G. gerrardii Harv. ex Sim; G. kola Heckel; G. letestui Pellegr.; G. longifolia Blume; G. lowryi Z.S.Rogers & P.W.Sweeney; G. lucida Vesque; G. nervosa (Miq.) Miq.; G. petiolaris Pierre; G. pushpangadaniana T.Sabu, N.Mohanan, Krishnaraj & Shareef; G. quadrifaria (Oliv.) Baill. ex Pierre; G. spectabilis Pierre; G. spicata (Wight & Arn.) Hook.f.; G. subelliptica Merr.; G. talbotii Raizada ex Santapau; G. thwaitesii Pierre; G. verrucosa Jum. & H.Perrier; G. vidalii Merr.; G. vilersiana Pierre; G. volkensii Engl.; G. vriesiana Pierre; G. warburgiana A.C.Sm.; G. xanthochymus Hook.f. ex T.Anderson.

Figures

Figure 2. Molecular phylogeny of Garcinia L. based on ITS sequences and Bayesian inference. Posterior probabilities (PP) and bootstrap support values (BS), obtained respectively by the Bayesian inference and Maximum Likelihood (ML) analysis, are indicated at each node of the cladogram. Nodes were collapsed when PP <0.50. The lineages / sections discussed in the text are highlighted, and species names appear in colors depending on their native distribution areas: light blue, Central and South America; light green, Tropical Africa; dark green, Madagascar and Western Indian Ocean islands; grey, Southeast Asia; purple, Australia; orange, New Guinea; red, New Caledonia; dark blue, Southwest Pacific islands. Distribution information was taken from the Plants of the World Online website (POWO 2023; also see the table of vouchers). A few species occur in several regions, and the color of the main (largest) geographic region was used. Accessions in bold were newly sequenced in this study.

Figure 3. Molecular phylogeny of Garcinia L. based on a combined chloroplast DNA dataset and Bayesian inference. Posterior probabilities (PP) and bootstrap support values (BS), obtained respectively by the Bayesian inference and Maximum Likelihood (ML) analysis, are indicated at each node of the cladogram. Nodes were collapsed when PP <0.50. The lineages / sections discussed in the text are highlighted, and species names appear in colors depending on their native distribution areas: light green, Tropical Africa; dark green, Madagascar and Western Indian Ocean islands; grey, Southeast Asia; purple, Australia; orange, New Guinea; red, New Caledonia; dark blue, Southwest Pacific islands. Distribution information was taken from the Plants of the World Online website (POWO 2023; also see the table of vouchers). A few species occur in several regions, and the color of the main (largest) region was used. All accessions were newly sequenced in this study.