Graphis analoga Nylander (1859: 244)

Kalb, Jutarat, Lücking, Robert & Kalb, Klaus, 2018, The lichen genera Allographa and Graphis (Ascomycota: Ostropales, Graphidaceae) in Thailand-eleven new species, forty-seven new records and a key to all one hundred and fifteen species so far recorded for the country, Phytotaxa 377 (1), pp. 448-450 : 448-450

Graphis analoga Nylander (1859: 244) .

Type:— TAÏTI (Tahiti), Vieillard & Panchet s.n. (H-Nyl. 7432!, holotype)

Thallus corticolous, gray to pale fawn, dull or slightly glossy. Lirellae prominent, with a basal to lateral thalline margin, short or elongate, straight to flexuose, unbranched or very sparsely branched, 1–3 mm long, labia convergent, entire ( hossei - or marginata -morph). Exciple laterally to almost completely carbonized; hymenium clear; ascospores 4–8/ascus, hyaline, sometimes slightly brownish with age, submuriform to muriform, 7–10 × 0–3-septate, 30–40 × 10–12 μm; 18 × 9 μm ( Nylander 1859), 27–42 × 7–13 μm ( Vainio 1909 b), 20–30 × 8–12 μm ( Lücking et al. 2009; holotype), 22–35 × 10–16 μm (Archer 2009).

Chemistry: norstictic acid, connorstictic acid (anal. J. & K. Kalb).

Distribution and habitat:—palaeotropical, Tahiti, Philippines ( Vainio 1909 b as Graphis analoga var. nana Vain. ) and Thailand. Trat province: ( Vainio 1909 a as Graphis simplex ); It is growing on bark of various trees ( Plumeria sp. , Areca katechu ) in open situations near the sea at low elevations.

Remarks:— Despite of all efforts, it may be difficult to decide whether the carbonisation of the exciple is complete or only lateral, so we have keyed out this species at both possibilities.

Material from Thailand examined:— Trat Province: Muang district, Ban Pak Klong Num Chiew, in a disturbed mangrove forest with dominant Rhizophora apiculata , Rh. mucronata , Lumnitzera racemosa and Avicennia alba , ± 3 m, 12°10’25’’ N, 102°28’37’’ E, 15 January 2012, K. Kalb, P. Mongkolsuk & M. Sodamuk, s.n. (hb. K. Kalb 40890)— Phang-Nga province: Takua Pa district, tambon Bang Muang, ca. 25 km N of Khao Lak, Park of Ban Nam Khem Tsunami Memorial Center, on Plumeria sp. , 6 m, 08°51’33’’ N, 98°15’55’’ E, 9 June 2015, J. Sutjaritturakan 5051 & K. Kalb (hb. K. Kalb 41507)— Phuket province: Thalang district, in the area of Kho Tosae, in a Climbing Ylang Ylang plantation ( Artabotrys siamensis ), 170 m, 07°53’58’’ N, 98°23’57’’ E, 24 April 2012, J. Sutjaritturakan 4100, (hb. K. & J. Kalb 42307).

* Graphis apertella A. W. Archer (2001b: 258) . Fig. 3C . Type:— AUSTRALIA. Queensland: 3 km S of Kingaroy , on small tree trunk, 450 m, H. Streimann 9367, 29 August 1979 ( CANB!,

holotype).

Thallus corticolous, whitish, whitish gray to off-white, slightly areolate and cracked, dull. Lirellae erumpent to slightly prominent, with a lateral thalline margin, short to elongate, straight, curved or sinuose, unbranched or very sparsely branched, 0.5–2 mm long, labia divergent, entire ( scripta -morph), disc usually whitish pruinose, pruina sometimes disappearing with age. Exciple laterally carbonized; hymenium inspersed (type A); ascospores 8/ascus, hyaline, transversely septate, 7–13-septate, 32–40 × 6–8 μm (protologue), 7–11-septate, 25–45 × 6–9 μm ( Lücking et al. 2009; holotype), 25–40 × 7 μm (Thai collections), 32–45 × 7–9.5 μm ( Staiger 2002).

Chemistry: norstictic acid, connorstictic acid, ± subnorstictic acid.

Distribution and habitat:—Neotropical and palaeotropical, India, Australia, New Caledonia, Hawaii, Brazil, Paraguai ( Staiger 2002). Growing on bark of various trees (e. g. Araucaria angustifolia ) in open situations, e. g. roadside trees, mangrove forests or thornbush forests from sea level to 1500 m.

Remarks:— Lücking et al. (2009) placed G. apertella into synonymy with G. crebra Vain. , because the authors did not consider the differences in spore size taxonomically important. Having studied 10 samples of G. crebra from five different Thai provinces (see below under this species) and eight samples from four countries in the Neo- and Palaeotropics, we consider the differences to be constant and without transitions.

Material from Thailand examined:— Trang province: Palian district, along the trail for nature study of Yongstar cape, on bark of unidentified trees, 10 m, 07°07’03’’ N, 99°40’15’’ E, 24 May 2009, J. Sutjaritturakan 3126, 3128 & S. Siemmai (hb. K. & J. Kalb 42239, 42241) .

Figures

FIGURE 3. A. Allographa vestitoides (scale = 1 mm); B. Graphis albocarpa (scale = 0.5 mm); C. Graphis apertella (scale = 0.3 mm); D. Graphis aurita (scale = 0.4 mm); E. Graphis bakeri (scale = 0.4 mm); F. Graphis caesiella (scale = 0.5 mm); G. Graphis capillacea (scale = 0.4 mm); H. Graphis chlorotica (scale = 0.5 mm).