Graphis librata C. Knight (1884: 404)

Kalb, Jutarat, Lücking, Robert & Kalb, Klaus, 2018, The lichen genera Allographa and Graphis (Ascomycota: Ostropales, Graphidaceae) in Thailand-eleven new species, forty-seven new records and a key to all one hundred and fifteen species so far recorded for the country, Phytotaxa 377 (1), pp. 448-450 : 448-450

Graphis librata C. Knight (1884: 404) .

Type :— NEW ZEALAND. On bark, C. Knight 67:23 ( WELT!, lectotype, designated by Hayward 1977: 571) .

Thallus corticolous, whitish, whitish gray or creamy yellow, continuous, smooth to uneven, dull. Lirellae erumpent to prominent, with lateral thalline margin, short to elongate, straight or slightly curved, usually unbranched, labia convergent, entire, disc concealed (lineola- morph). Exciple laterally, sometimes almost completely carbonized; hymenium clear; ascospores 8/ascus, hyaline, transversely 5–9-septate, (19–) 24–30 × 6–8 μm, 5–8-septate, 17–25 × 5–6.5 μm ( Staiger 2002, lectotype), 5–7-septate, 18–29 × 5–9 μm ( Hayward 1977).

Chemistry: norstictic acid (major), connorstictic acid (trace) (anal. J. Sutjaritturakan).

Distribution and habitat:—Pantropical, corticolous, also saxicolous ( Lücking et al. 2009), reported from USA, Louisiana, ( Staiger 2002), Florida ( Seavey et al. 2017) , Brazil ( Staiger 2002), Ecuador ( Aptroot & Sparrius 2008 –present), Africa ( Joshi et al. 2016), Bangladesh, Singapore ( Aptroot & Sparrius 2008 –present), Australia, New Zealand and Lord Howe Island (Archer 2009) and from Thailand, Loei province ( Poengsungnoen et al. 2010). Buaruang et al. (2017) also cites Pitakpong et al. (2015), but the specimens mentioned in that paper, Lücking 28001 and Lücking 28007, originate from El Salvador. In Thailand, G. librata was found growing on bark of trees in lower montane rainforests, dry evergreen forests ( Poengsungnoen et al. 2010), parks, plantations and secondary forests between 3 and 700 m.

Remarks:—This is a rather widespread species with variable characters. Sometimes it can be difficult to decide whether the exciple is only laterally or completely carbonized. In these rare cases, more lirellae should be sectioned. There are also (very few) samples with crowded and irregularly branched lirellae and thus belonging to deserpens - morph. In these cases, it is difficult to separate G. librata from G. intricata , but the latter usually has a distinct completely carbonized exciple.

Material from Thailand examined:— Prachuap Khiri Khan province: Thap Sakae district, tambon Huai Yang, near Kho yo market, on bark of an unidentified tree in a secondary forest, 3 m, 11°22’54’’ N, 99°25’19’’ E, 5 October 2008, J. Sutjaritturakan 1756 (hb. K. & J. Kalb 42298)— Chumphon province: Pathio district , tambon Chum Kho, ca. 500 m from trisection to Bangson Bay , on bark of an unidentified tree in a secondary forest, 20 m, 10°26’31’’ N, 99°13’56’’ E, 11 April 2009, J. Sutjaritturakan 2302, (hb. K. & J. Kalb 42296); dito, Sawi district , in the area of Ban Khuan Samakkhi, in a Burmese rosewood plantation ( Pterocarpus indicus ), 10 m, 10°13’12’’ N, 98°35’19’’ E, 20 November 2008 J. Sutjaritturakan 1886, 1892, 1894, 1895, (hb. K. & J. Kalb 42305, 42303, 42304, 42297)— Rangong province : area of Ban Heownumsai, along side road from Phetkasem Road (Road #4) to Ton Petch Waterfall (Rainbow Waterfall), ca, 30 km S of Ranong City, in a palm tree plantation, 20 m, 09°43’28’’ N, 98°36’52’’ E, 6 June 2015, J. Sutjaritturakan & K. Kalb s.n. (hb. K. Kalb 41561)— Phang-Nga province : Takua Pa district , tambon Bang Muang, ca. 25 km N of Khao Lak , near Park of Ban Nam Khem Tsunami memorial Center, on Plumeris sp., 6 m, 08°51’33’’ N, 98°15’55’’ E, 9 June 2015, J. Sutjaritturakan & K. Kalb s.n. (hb. K. Kalb 41510) .