Graphis paralleloides Cáceres & Lücking (2009: 440)

Kalb, Jutarat, Lücking, Robert & Kalb, Klaus, 2018, The lichen genera Allographa and Graphis (Ascomycota: Ostropales, Graphidaceae) in Thailand-eleven new species, forty-seven new records and a key to all one hundred and fifteen species so far recorded for the country, Phytotaxa 377 (1), pp. 448-450 : 448-450

* Graphis paralleloides Cáceres & Lücking (2009: 440) .

Type :— INDIA. Manipur: G . Watt s.n. ( G!, holotype) .

Fig. 6H .

Thallus corticolous, whitish or whitish gray, continuous, smooth, corticate, dull. Lirellae prominent, with a thick basal thalline margin, elongate, up to 3 mm long, straight, curved or sinuous, sparsely branched, labia convergent, striate, disc concealed, (striatula- morph). Exciple completely carbonized; hymenium clear; ascospores 8/ascus, hyaline, with 7–8 transverse septa, 18–26 × 6–8 μm; 30–45 × 5–7 μm; transversely 8–10-septate, 32–40 × 7–8 μm (D. D. Awasthi & R. Mathur, annotation slip attached to holotype).

Chemistry: norstictic acid (major), ± connorstictic acid (trace), ± subnorstictic acid (minor).

Distribution and habitat:—pantropical ( Lücking et al. 2009), reported from Brazil (Cáceres 2007), Costa Rica ( Aptroot & Sparrius 2008 –present), India (type locality) and here for Thailand for the first time. It was collected in South Thailand from bark of various trees in plantations and in a secondary forest from 10 to 45 m elevation.

Remarks:— Graphis paralleloides is a replacement name for Graphis rimulosa var. parallela Müll. Arg. (1892a: 224) when the variaty is raised to species level because the name Graphis parallela Müll. Arg. (1892b: 200) already exists for an unrelated species.

Material from Thailand examined:—Cumphon province: Tha Sae district, in the area of tambon Tha Sae, in a pomelo platation ( Citrus maxima ), 20 m, 10°31’25’’ N, 99°02’04’’ E, 7 June 2008, J. Sutjaritturakan 0703.2, (hb. K. & J. Kalb 42423); dito, Pathio district, tambon Chum Kho, surroundings of King Monkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Prince of Chumphon campus, in a forest reserve, in a secondary forest, 10 m, 10°26’23’’ N, 99°13’03’’ E, 8 April 2009, J. Sutjaritturakan 2128, (hb. K. & J. Kalb 42387)—Nakhon Sri Thammarat province: Thung Yai district, in the area of Ban Kuanlumpoo, in a neem tree plantation ( Azadirachta excelsa ), 45 m, 08°20’46’’ N, 99°28’30’’ E, 15 October 2012, J. Sutjaritturakan 4894, (hb. K. & J. Kalb 42375)— Trang province: Palian district, tambon Suso moo 1, in a neem tree plantation ( Azadirachta excelsa ), 25 m, 07°15’29’’ N, 99°40’44’’ E, 25 May 2009, J. Sutjaritturakan 3190 & S. Siemmai, (hb. K. & J. Kalb 42376).

Figures

FIGURE 6. A. Graphis kelungana (scale = 0.5 mm); B. Graphis khaojoneana (scale = 0.4 mm); C. Graphis litoralis (scale = 0.5 mm); D. Graphis modesta (scale = 0.5); E. Graphis myrtacea (scale = 0.5); F. Graphis negrosina (scale = 0.5 mm); G. Graphis oxyclada (scale = 0.8 mm); H. Graphis paralleloides (scale = 0.3).