Graphis filiformis Adawadkar & Makhija (2007: 314)

Kalb, Jutarat, Lücking, Robert & Kalb, Klaus, 2018, The lichen genera Allographa and Graphis (Ascomycota: Ostropales, Graphidaceae) in Thailand-eleven new species, forty-seven new records and a key to all one hundred and fifteen species so far recorded for the country, Phytotaxa 377 (1), pp. 448-450 : 448-450

* Graphis filiformis Adawadkar & Makhija (2007: 314) .

Type:— INDIA. Karnataka: Jog Falls , 1 November 1971, D. N. Mhaskar 71.54 ( AMH, holotype, photograph seen) .

Fig. 1B .

Thallus corticolous, whitish to whitish brown or greenish gray, continuous, smooth, dull. Lirellae immersed to erumpent with lateral thalline margin, long to very long, sinuous or curved, radiately or irregularly branched, labia convergent, entire, black, sometimes slightly whitish pruinose along the slit, disc concealed, ( filiformis -morph). Exciple laterally carbonized; hymenium clear; ascospores 8/ascus, hyaline, halonate, transversely 7–9-septate, 30–37 × 7–8 μm, 7–9- septate, 20–25 × 6–8 μm (holotype, Lücking et al. 2009 and protologue).

Chemistry: norstictic acid (major), subnorstictic acid (minor),? testacein (submajor) (anal. K. Kalb).

Distribution and habitat:— G. filiformis is a very rare species which was hitherto known only from the type collection. In Thailand, it was collected near a waterfall in a dry evergreen forest at 480 m and it is a new addition to the Thai lichen biota.

Remarks:—The ascospores in the Thai collections are slightly longer than in the type, but they are still within the normal variation compared with similar species. The filiformis -morph lirellae are characterized by being immersed in the thallus, or sometimes slightly erumpent, long to very long and slender, radiately or irregularly branched, with convergent, entire labia, black or slightly whitish pruinose along the slit and concealed discs.

Material from Thailand examined:— Chiang Rai province, Mueang district, tambon Ban Duu, surroundings of Pong Prabath Waterfall , in a dry evergreen forest on bark of an unidentified tree, 480 m, 20°00’38’’ N, 99°48’17’’ E, 7 December 2016, J. Kalb & K. Kalb s.n. (hb. K. & J. Kalb 41932, 41933) .

* Graphis flavovirens Makhija & Adawadkar (2005: 374) . Fig. 5C . Type:— INDIA. Andaman Islands : Middle Andaman, Parlobjig Island, 23 December 1985, M. B. Nagarkar & P. K. Sethy 85.2264 (AMH,

holotype, photograph seen).

Thallus corticolous, light yellowish green, continuous, smooth, dull. Lirellae immersed or rarely erumpent with lateral thalline margin, long to very long, sinuous or curved, radiately branched, labia convergent, entire, black, disc concealed, (centrifuga -morph). Exciple completely carbonized; hymenium clear; ascospores 4–8/ascus, hyaline, halonate, often tapering at one end, transversely 9–16-septate, 35–55 × 7–8 μm, 3–9-septate, 16–42 × 4–8 μm (protologue).

Chemistry: stictic acid (major), cryptostictic acid (minor), constictic acid (minor), hypostictic acid (trace) (anal. K. Kalb).

Distribution and habitat:—Hitherto only known from the Andaman Islands (type locality) and Puerto Rico ( Aptroot & Sparrius 2008 –present), it is here reported from Thailand for the first time, where it is growing on bark of an unidentified tree in a mixed deciduous forest at ca. 100 m.

Remarks:—We found no further report of this rare lichen after its description. It is well characterized by its yellowish thallus, the immersed, long and slender lirellae, medium-sized, transversely septate ascospores and a completely carbonized exciple.

Material from Thailand examined:— Chumphon province: Lamae district, ascent from Khao Set village to Khao Set mountain , in a mixed deciduous forest, ca. 100 m, 09°48’ N, 99°07’E, 3 April 2012, K. Kalb, V. Poengsungnoen & M. Sodamuk s.n. (hb. K. Kalb 39121) .

Figures

FIGURE 1. A.–D. Newly described lirellae-morphs. A. balaghatensis-morph (Graphis balaghatensis, scale = 0.6 mm; KJK 42040). B. filiformis-morph (Graphis filiformis, scale = 0.5 mm; KJK 41932). C. leptogramma-morph (Graphis leptogramma, scale = 0.5 mm; KJK 41792). D. schummiana-morph (Graphis schummiana, scale = 0.25 mm; KK 39065). E.–F. Lirellae with complete thalline margin; E. Lirellae with apically thick thalline margin (Graphis schroederi, scale = 1 mm; KJK 41749); F. Lirellae with apically thin thalline margin (Allographa acharii, scale = 0.5 mm; KK 19455).

FIGURE 5. A. Graphis epimelaena (scale = 0.4); B. Graphis erythrocardia (scale = 0.5); C. Graphis flavovirens (scale = 1 mm); D. Graphis gonimica (scale = 0.25 mm); E. Graphis immersicans (scale = 0.5 mm); F. Graphis implicata (scale = 0.5 mm); G. Graphis insulana (scale = 0.7 mm); H. Graphis intricata (scale = 1 mm).