Ixodidae
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publication ID |
https://doi.org/ 10.5281/zenodo.196488 |
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DOI |
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6196407 |
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persistent identifier |
https://treatment.plazi.org/id/66335A62-5A62-A824-FF41-FA29FD2CFB23 |
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treatment provided by |
Plazi |
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scientific name |
Ixodidae |
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Ixodidae View in CoL View at ENA
We exclude the following names from our list of Ixodidae :
(i) Amblyomma laticaudae Warburton, 1933 is considered valid in Camicas et al. (1998), Horak et al. (2002) and Barker and Murrell (2008); Guglielmone et al. (2009) do not include it in their list of controversial names, while Kolonin (2009) considers this name a synonym of Amblyomma nitidum Hirst and Hirst, 1910 . In fact, Keirans, in Voltzit and Keirans (2002), determined that the types of these taxa are conspecific. Therefore, we agree with Kolonin (2009) that A. laticaudae is an invalid name.
(ii) Bothriocroton decorosum (Koch, 1867) is included as a member of Aponomma by Kolonin (2009), but this name is a synonym of B. undatum , as explained in Santos Dias (1993).
(iii) Haemaphysalis vietnamensis Hoogstraal and Wilson, 1966 is included as a valid name in Kolonin (2009), but it is a synonym of H. colasbelcouri (Guglielmone et al. 2009) .
(iv) Haemaphysalis xinjiangensis Teng, 1980 is not included as a valid species in Kolonin (2009). Teng and Jiang (1981) consider this name a synonym of H. danieli , and we accept their decision, since the senior author also described H. xinjiangensis .
(v) Hyalomma erythraeum Tonelli-Rondelli, 1932 is included as a valid name in Kolonin (2009), but it was convincingly shown to be a synonym of H. impeltatum by Apanaskevich and Horak (2009).
(vi) Rhipicephalus hoogstraali Kolonin, 2009 was described on the Internet, contrary to the rules of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, 2009, Articles 8.6 and 9.8), and is therefore a nomen nudum.
1. Amblyomma albolimbatum Neumann, 1907
2. Amblyomma albopictum Neumann, 1899
3. Amblyomma americanum (Linnaeus, 1758)
4. Amblyomma antillorum Kohls, 1969
5. Amblyomma arcanum Karsch, 1879 (Aponomma)
6. Amblyomma argentinae Neumann, 1905 . Guglielmone et al. (2003) stated that the year of description for A. argentinae is 1904, but this is in error because Neumann recognized 1905 as the correct year. Previously, this species was incorrectly named A. testudinis (Guglielmone et al. 2009) .
7. Amblyomma astrion Dönitz, 1909
8. Amblyomma aureolatum (Pallas, 1772)
9. Amblyomma auricularium (Conil, 1878)
10. Amblyomma australiense Neumann, 1905 . See A. echidnae .
11. Amblyomma babirussae Schulze, 1933
12. Amblyomma beaurepairei Vogelsang and Santos Dias, 1953 . This species is close to A. inornatum and A. auricularium but is provisionally considered valid in Guglielmone et al. (2009). However, Kolonin (2009) considers it a synonym of A. auricularium .
13. Amblyomma boeroi Nava, Mangold, Mastropaolo, Venzal, Oscherov and Guglielmone, 2009
14. Amblyomma boulengeri Hirst and Hirst, 1910
15. Amblyomma brasiliense Aragão, 1908
16. Amblyomma breviscutatum Neumann, 1899 . Until recently, this species was known as A. cyprium Neumann, 1899 (Guglielmone et al. 2009) , a name still considered valid in Kolonin (2009), who does not justify his position. However, Keirans, in Voltzit and Keirans (2002), determined, as had Santos Dias (1956) before him, that the types of A. cyprium and A. breviscutatum are conspecific and that the latter name has page priority.
17. Amblyomma cajennense (Fabricius, 1787) . This is the type species of the genus Amblyomma ; it was originally named Acarus cajennensis . Beati, L. and Nava, S. (pers. comm.) believe that A. cajennense comprises a complex of sibling species.
18. Amblyomma calabyi Roberts, 1963
19. Amblyomma calcaratum Neumann, 1899
20. Amblyomma chabaudi Rageau, 1964
21. Amblyomma clypeolatum Neumann, 1899
22. Amblyomma coelebs Neumann, 1899
23. Amblyomma cohaerens Dönitz, 1909
24. Amblyomma compressum (Macalister, 1872)
25. Amblyomma cordiferum Neumann, 1899
26. Amblyomma crassipes (Neumann, 1901) (Aponomma) . This species is similar to A. fuscolineatum but is provisionally considered valid because little material is available for examination and the types have not been compared (Guglielmone et al. 2009). Kolonin (2009), using the name Aponomma , considers A. crassipes invalid but does not include a comparison of types.
27. Amblyomma crassum Robinson, 1926
28. Amblyomma crenatum Neumann, 1899
29. Amblyomma cruciferum Neumann, 1901
30. Amblyomma darwini Hirst and Hirst, 1910
31. Amblyomma dissimile Koch, 1844 . Guglielmone et al. (2009) argue in favor of this name instead of A. bibroni (Gervais, 1842) because of the confused history of the latter taxon.
32. Amblyomma dubitatum Neumann, 1899 . Until recently, this species was known as A. cooperi Nuttall and Warburton, 1908 (Guglielmone et al. 2009) .
33. Amblyomma eburneum Gerstäcker, 1873
34. Amblyomma echidnae Roberts, 1953 . This species is very similar to A. australiense , but Guglielmone et al. (2009) consider A. echidnae provisionally valid until its status can be clarified. Kolonin (2009) does not include this species in his list of the Ixodidae of the world.
35. Amblyomma elaphense (Price, 1959) (Aponomma) . See A. sphenodonti .
36. Amblyomma exornatum Koch, 1844 (Aponomma)
37. Amblyomma extraoculatum Neumann, 1899 . See A. romitii .
38. Amblyomma falsomarmoreum Tonelli-Rondelli, 1935
39. Amblyomma fimbriatum Koch, 1844 (Aponomma)
40. Amblyomma flavomaculatum (Lucas, 1846) (Aponomma) . See A. inopinatum .
41. Amblyomma fulvum Neumann, 1899
42. Amblyomma fuscolineatum (Lucas, 1847) (Aponomma) . See A. crassipes and A. varanense .
43. Amblyomma fuscum Neumann, 1907 . A valid taxon ignored in some lists of ticks (Guglielmone et al. 2009).
44. Amblyomma geayi Neumann, 1899 . Guglielmone et al. (2009) discuss the lack of agreement concerning this name, because some authors regard A. geayi as a synonym of A. perpunctatum (Packard, 1869) . However, the description of the latter taxon is inadequate, and we therefore consider the name A. geayi valid, pending type comparison.
45. Amblyomma gemma Dönitz, 1909
46. Amblyomma geochelone Durden, Keirans and Smith, 2002
47. Amblyomma geoemydae (Cantor, 1847)
48. Amblyomma gervaisi (Lucas, 1847) (Aponomma) . This is the type species of the genus Aponomma ; it was originally named Ixodes gervaisii .
49. Amblyomma glauerti Keirans, King and Sharrad, 1994
50. Amblyomma goeldii Neumann, 1899
51. Amblyomma hainanense Teng, 1981 . Kolonin (2009) considers A. hainanense a synonym of A. helvolum , but no comparison of types has been attempted. Therefore, we treat A. hainanense as tentatively valid.
52. Amblyomma hebraeum Koch, 1844
53. Amblyomma helvolum Koch, 1844
54. Amblyomma hirtum Neumann, 1906
55. Amblyomma humerale Koch, 1844
56. Amblyomma imitator Kohls, 1958
57. Amblyomma incisum Neumann, 1906 . See A. latepunctatum .
58. Amblyomma inopinatum (Santos Dias, 1989) (Aponomma) . This species is not included in Kolonin (2009), who appears to consider it a synonym of A. flavomaculatum and places it in the genus Aponomma .
59. Amblyomma inornatum (Banks, 1909)
60. Amblyomma integrum Karsch, 1879
61. Amblyomma javanense (Supino, 1897)
62. Amblyomma komodoense (Oudemans, 1928) (Aponomma)
63. Amblyomma kraneveldi (Anastos, 1956) (Aponomma)
64. Amblyomma latepunctatum Tonelli-Rondelli, 1939 . This species was previously confused with A. incisum and with A. scalpturatum (Guglielmone et al. 2009) .
65. Amblyomma latum Koch, 1844 (Aponomma)
66. Amblyomma lepidum Dönitz, 1909
67. Amblyomma limbatum Neumann, 1899
68. Amblyomma loculosum Neumann, 1907
69. Amblyomma longirostre (Koch, 1844)
70. Amblyomma macfarlandi Keirans, Hoogstraal and Clifford, 1973
71. Amblyomma macropi Roberts, 1953
72. Amblyomma maculatum Koch, 1844
73. Amblyomma marmoreum Koch, 1844
74. Amblyomma moreliae (Koch, 1867)
75. Amblyomma moyi Roberts, 1953
76. Amblyomma multipunctum Neumann, 1899
77. Amblyomma naponense (Packard, 1869)
78. Amblyomma neumanni Ribaga, 1902 . Nava et al. (2009a) state that the description by Voltzit (2007) of A. neumanni actually applies to A. parvitarsum .
79. Amblyomma nitidum Hirst and Hirst, 1910 . See paragraph “i” above our list of Ixodidae .
80. Amblyomma nodosum Neumann, 1899
81. Amblyomma nuttalli Dönitz, 1909
82. Amblyomma oblongoguttatum Koch, 1844
83. Amblyomma orlovi (Kolonin, 1992) (Aponomma) . This species is considered tentatively valid in Guglielmone et al. (2009), who nonetheless strongly suggest that it is a synonym of A. transversale . Guglielmone et al. (2009) err in listing the date of description as 1995.
84. Amblyomma ovale Koch, 1844
85. Amblyomma pacae Aragão, 1911
86. Amblyomma papuanum Hirst, 1914
87. Amblyomma parkeri Fonseca and Aragão, 1952. Kolonin (2009) expresses doubt about the status of this species, but Labruna et al. (2009a) present sound evidence for its validity.
88. Amblyomma parvitarsum Neumann, 1901 . See A. neumanni .
89. Amblyomma parvum Aragão, 1908
90. Amblyomma pattoni (Neumann, 1910) (Aponomma)
91. Amblyomma paulopunctatum Neumann, 1899
92. Amblyomma pecarium Dunn, 1933
93. Amblyomma personatum Neumann, 1901
94. Amblyomma pictum Neumann, 1906
95. Amblyomma pilosum Neumann, 1899
96. Amblyomma pomposum Dönitz, 1909
97. Amblyomma postoculatum Neumann, 1899
98. Amblyomma pseudoconcolor Aragão, 1908
99. Amblyomma pseudoparvum Guglielmone, Mangold and Keirans, 1990
100. Amblyomma quadricavum (Schulze, 1941)
101. Amblyomma rhinocerotis (de Geer, 1778)
102. Amblyomma robinsoni Warburton, 1927
103. Amblyomma romitii Tonelli-Rondelli, 1939 . This species was previously considered a synonym of A. extraoculatum (Guglielmone et al. 2009) .
104. Amblyomma rotundatum Koch, 1844
105. Amblyomma sabanerae Stoll, 1894
106. Amblyomma scalpturatum Neumann, 1906 . See A. latepunctatum .
107. Amblyomma scutatum Neumann, 1899
108. Amblyomma soembawense (Anastos, 1956) (Aponomma)
109. Amblyomma sparsum Neumann, 1899
110. Amblyomma sphenodonti (Dumbleton, 1943) (Aponomma) . Miller et al. (2007) believe that this species, and possibly A. elaphense , should be classified in a genus other than Amblyomma .
111. Amblyomma splendidum Giebel, 1877
112. Amblyomma squamosum Kohls, 1953
113. Amblyomma supinoi Neumann, 1904
114. Amblyomma sylvaticum (de Geer, 1778)
115. Amblyomma tapirellum Dunn, 1933
116. Amblyomma testudinarium Koch, 1844
117. Amblyomma tholloni Neumann, 1899
118. Amblyomma tigrinum Koch, 1844
119. Amblyomma torrei Pérez Vigueras, 1934
120. Amblyomma transversale ( Lucas, 1845) (Aponomma) . Most authors consider 1844 the year of description of A. transversale , but the name Ixodes transversalis in Lucas (1844) lacks a description (i.e., it is a nomen nudum), and this situation was amended in Lucas (1845). See A. orlovi .
121. Amblyomma triguttatum Koch, 1844
122. Amblyomma trimaculatum (Lucas, 1878) (Aponomma)
123. Amblyomma triste Koch, 1844
124. Amblyomma tuberculatum Marx, 1894
125. Amblyomma usingeri Keirans, Hoogstraal and Clifford, 1973
126. Amblyomma varanense (Supino, 1897) (Aponomma) . Kolonin (2009) considers A. varanense a synonym of A. fuscolineatum (both are treated as species of Aponomma ) but without presenting evidence. We believe A. varanense to be valid.
127. Amblyomma variegatum (Fabricius, 1794)
128. Amblyomma varium Koch, 1844
129. Amblyomma vikirri Keirans, Bull and Duffield, 1996
130. Amblyomma williamsi Banks, 1924
1. Anomalohimalaya cricetuli Teng and Huang, 1981 . Deng et al. (1999) consider this species a synonym of A. lotozkyi but without explanation. We therefore maintain the validity of A. cricetuli . 2. Anomalohimalaya lamai Hoogstraal, Kaiser and Mitchell, 1970 . This is the type species of the genus Anomalohimalaya .
3. Anomalohimalaya lotozkyi Filippova and Panova, 1978 . See A. cricetuli .
1. Bothriocroton auruginans (Schulze, 1936) (Aponomma)
2. Bothriocroton concolor (Neumann, 1899) (Aponomma) . See B. oudemansi .
3. Bothriocroton glebopalma (Keirans, King and Sharrad, 1994) (Aponomma) . This is the type species of the genus Bothriocroton , by original designation ( Klompen et al. 2002); it was originally named Aponomma glebopalma .
4. Bothriocroton hydrosauri (Denny, 1843) (Aponomma) . See B. tachyglossi .
5. Bothriocroton oudemansi (Neumann, 1910) (Aponomma) . This species was considered a synonym of B. concolor , but there is now sound scientific evidence for its validity as a species (Guglielmone et al. 2009).
6. Bothriocroton tachyglossi (Roberts, 1953) (Aponomma) . This species was considered a synonym of B. hydrosauri , but there is now convincing evidence for its validity (Guglielmone et al. 2009).
7. Bothriocroton undatum (Fabricius, 1775) (Aponomma) . This name is considered invalid by Kolonin (2009). See B. decorosum , paragraph “ii” above our list of Ixodidae .
1. Compluriscutula vetulum Poinar and Buckley, 2008 . This is the type species of the fossil genus Compluriscutula . It is not included in the list of Kolonin (2009).
1. Cornupalpatum burmanicum Poinar and Brown, 2003 . This is the type species of the fossil genus Cornupalpatum . It is not included in the list of Kolonin (2009).
2. Cosmiomma hippopotamensis (Denny, 1843) . This is the type species of the monotypic genus Cosmiomma . It was originally named Ixodes hippopotamensis .
1. Dermacentor abaensis Teng, 1963 . This species is similar to D. everestianus but is provisionally considered valid in Guglielmone et al. (2009) because there has been no definitive study to support this synonymy. One of us (DAA) is currently comparing the types of D. abaensis , D. everestianus and D. birulai Olenev, 1927 . Therefore, additional information on the specific status of these taxa should be forthcoming.
2. Dermacentor albipictus (Packard, 1869)
3. Dermacentor andersoni Stiles, 1908
4. Dermacentor asper Arthur, 1960 . Kolonin (2009) considers D. asper a probable synonym of D. sinicus but presents no evidence for this statement.
5. Dermacentor atrosignatus Neumann, 1906
6. Dermacentor auratus Supino, 1897
7. Dermacentor circumguttatus Neumann, 1897
8. Dermacentor compactus Neumann, 1901
9. Dermacentor confragus (Schulze, 1933) . Originally spelled confractus, the name was later corrected to confragus . The type specimens are currently being examined by one of us (TNP). We consider this name valid until studies of the type material permit a conclusive statement. Kolonin (2009) excludes this name from his list of ixodid ticks of the world.
10. Dermacentor dispar Cooley, 1937
11. Dermacentor dissimilis, Cooley 1947
12. Dermacentor everestianus Hirst, 1926 . See D. abaensis .
13. Dermacentor halli McIntosh, 1931
14. Dermacentor hunteri Bishopp, 1912
15. Dermacentor imitans Warburton, 1933
16. Dermacentor latus Cooley, 1937
17. Dermacentor marginatus (Sulzer, 1776) . See D. niveus and D. ushakovae .
18. Dermacentor montanus Filippova and Panova, 1974
19. Dermacentor nitens Neumann, 1897 (Anocentor) . This is the type species of the genus Anocentor .
20. Dermacentor niveus Neumann, 1897 . Kolonin (2009) lists this species as a synonym of D. daghestanicus Olenev, 1928 , but, in fact, the latter name is a junior synonym of D. niveus (Guglielmone et al. 2009) . Estrada-Peña and Estrada-Peña (1991) examined part of the syntype series of D. niveus (Cherestanek, Iran, ex Ovis aries, 1882 , loaned by Prof. P.-C. Morel), concluding that this species is conspecific with D. marginatus , a view shared by Moshaverinia et al. (2009). A wider comparative study of D. marginatus , D. niveus and D. ushakovae appears to be needed to further demonstrate the validity of these taxa. We consider D. niveus provisionally valid while awaiting the results of this comparison. See also D. ushakovae .
21. Dermacentor nuttalli Olenev, 1928
22. Dermacentor occidentalis Marx, 1892
23. Dermacentor parumapertus Neumann, 1901
24. Dermacentor pavlovskyi Olenev, 1927
25. Dermacentor pomerantzevi Serdjukova, 1951
26. Dermacentor raskemensis Pomerantzev, 1946
27. Dermacentor reticulatus (Fabricius, 1794) . This is the type species of the genus Dermacentor . It was originally named Acarus reticulatus .
28. Dermacentor rhinocerinus (Denny, 1843)
29. Dermacentor silvarum Olenev, 1931
30. Dermacentor sinicus Schulze, 1932 . See D. asper .
31. Dermacentor steini (Schulze, 1933)
32. Dermacentor taiwanensis Sugimoto, 1935
33. Dermacentor ushakovae Filippova and Panova, 1987 . Guglielmone et al. (2009) state that Camicas et al. (1998) consider D. ushakovae a junior synonym of D. niveus , while one of us (AEP) regards this species as a junior synonym of D. marginatus . However, we have elected to recognize the validity of D. ushakovae until type comparisons clarify its status. See also D. niveus .
34. Dermacentor variabilis (Say, 1821)
1. Haemaphysalis aborensis Warburton, 1913
2. Haemaphysalis aciculifer Warburton, 1913
3. Haemaphysalis aculeata Lavarra, 1904
4. Haemaphysalis adleri Feldman-Muhsam, 1951
5. Haemaphysalis anomala Warburton, 1913
6. Haemaphysalis anomaloceraea Teng, 1984 . Guglielmone et al. (2009) state that Camicas et al. (1998) consider this species a synonym of H. shimoga , but we continue to treat it as valid because there are no published grounds for synonymization. Kolonin (2009) considers both taxa ( H. anomaloceraea and H. shimoga ) to be synonyms of H. taiwana but presents no justification for this position.
7. Haemaphysalis anoplos Hoogstraal, Uilenberg and Klein, 1967
8. Haemaphysalis aponommoides Warburton, 1913
9. Haemaphysalis asiatica (Supino, 1897)
10. Haemaphysalis atheruri Hoogstraal, Trapido and Kohls, 1965
11. Haemaphysalis bancrofti Nuttall and Warburton, 1915
12. Haemaphysalis bandicota Hoogstraal and Kohls, 1965
13. Haemaphysalis bartelsi Schulze, 1938
14. Haemaphysalis bequaerti Hoogstraal, 1956
15. Haemaphysalis birmaniae Supino, 1897
16. Haemaphysalis bispinosa Neumann, 1897
17. Haemaphysalis borneata Hoogstraal, 1971
18. Haemaphysalis bremneri Roberts, 1963
19. Haemaphysalis calcarata Neumann, 1902
20. Haemaphysalis calva Nuttall and Warburton, 1915
21. Haemaphysalis campanulata Warburton, 1908
22. Haemaphysalis canestrinii (Supino, 1897)
23. Haemaphysalis capricornis Hoogstraal, 1966
24. Haemaphysalis caucasica Olenev, 1928
25. Haemaphysalis celebensis Hoogstraal, Trapido and Kohls, 1965
26. Haemaphysalis chordeilis (Packard, 1869)
27. Haemaphysalis cinnabarina Koch, 1844 . This species is not included in Kolonin´s (2009) list of ixodid ticks.
28. Haemaphysalis colasbelcouri (Santos Dias, 1958) . Originally named Aponomma colasbelcouri Santos Dias, 1958 , this species is the senior synonym of H. vietnamensis (see H. vietnamensis , paragraph “iii” above our list of Ixodidae ) (Guglielmone et al. 2009).
29. Haemaphysalis colesbergensis Apanaskevich and Horak, 2008 . This species is not included in Kolonin´s (2009) list of ixodid ticks.
30. Haemaphysalis concinna Koch, 1844 . This is the type species of the genus Haemaphysalis . See also H. filippovae .
31. Haemaphysalis cooleyi Bedford, 1929
32. Haemaphysalis cornigera Neumann, 1897
33. Haemaphysalis cornupunctata Hoogstraal and Varma, 1962
34. Haemaphysalis cuspidata Warburton, 1910
35. Haemaphysalis dangi Phan Trong, 1977
36. Haemaphysalis danieli Č erný and Hoogstraal, 1977. See paragraph “iv” above our list of Ixodidae . Kolonin (2009) considers specimens of this taxon from China a synonym of H. pospelovashtromae but provides no supporting evidence.
37. Haemaphysalis darjeeling Hoogstraal and Dhanda, 1970
38. Haemaphysalis davisi Hoogstraal, Dhanda and Bhat, 1970
39. Haemaphysalis demidovae Emel ´yanova, 1978
40. Haemaphysalis doenitzi Warburton and Nuttall, 1909 . See H. pavlovskyi and H. phasiana .
41. Haemaphysalis elliptica (Koch, 1844)
42. Haemaphysalis elongata Neumann, 1897
43. Haemaphysalis erinacei Pavesi, 1884
44. Haemaphysalis eupleres Hoogstraal, Kohls and Trapido, 1965
45. Haemaphysalis filippovae Bolotin, 1979 . Although Kolonin (2009) considers H. filippovae a synonym of H. concinna, Guglielmone et al. (2009) provide strong arguments for supporting the validity of this taxon.
46. Haemaphysalis flava Neumann, 1897
47. Haemaphysalis formosensis Neumann, 1913
48. Haemaphysalis fossae Hoogstraal, 1953
49. Haemaphysalis fujisana Kitaoka, 1970
50. Haemaphysalis garhwalensis Dhanda and Bhat, 1968
51. Haemaphysalis goral Hoogstraal, 1970
52. Haemaphysalis grochovskajae Kolonin, 1992 . Kolonin (2009) spells this name as H. grochovskaja (n. syn.).
53. Haemaphysalis heinrichi Schulze, 1939
54. Haemaphysalis hirsuta Hoogstraal, Trapido and Kohls, 1966
55. Haemaphysalis hispanica Gil Collado, 1938
56. Haemaphysalis hoodi Warburton and Nuttall, 1909
57. Haemaphysalis hoogstraali Kohls, 1950
58. Haemaphysalis houyi Nuttall and Warburton, 1915
59. Haemaphysalis howletti Warburton, 1913
60. Haemaphysalis humerosa Warburton and Nuttall, 1909
61. Haemaphysalis hylobatis Schulze, 1933
62. Haemaphysalis hyracophila Hoogstraal, Walker and Neitz, 1971
63. Haemaphysalis hystricis Supino, 1897
64. Haemaphysalis ias Nakamura and Yajima, 1937
65. Haemaphysalis indica Warburton, 1910
66. Haemaphysalis indoflava Dhanda and Bhat, 1968
67. Haemaphysalis inermis Birula, 1895
68. Haemaphysalis intermedia Warburton and Nuttall, 1909
69. Haemaphysalis japonica Warburton, 1908
70. Haemaphysalis juxtakochi Cooley, 1946
71. Haemaphysalis kadarsani Hoogstraal and Wassef, 1977
72. Haemaphysalis kashmirensis Hoogstraal and Varma, 1962
73. Haemaphysalis kinneari Warburton, 1913
74. Haemaphysalis kitaokai Hoogstraal, 1969
75. Haemaphysalis knobigera Prakasan and Ramani, 2007 . The original description of this species is very poor and we strongly doubt its validity (Guglielmone et al. 2009), but we include it here pending further studies. Kolonin (2009) does not include H. knobigera in his list of the Ixodidae of the world.
76. Haemaphysalis koningsbergeri Warburton and Nuttall, 1909
77. Haemaphysalis kopetdaghica Kerbabaev, 1962 . Kolonin (2009) spells this name as H. kopetdagica (n. syn.).
78. Haemaphysalis kutchensis Hoogstraal and Trapido, 1963
79. Haemaphysalis kyasanurensis Trapido, Hoogstraal and Rajagopalan, 1964
80. Haemaphysalis lagostrophi Roberts, 1963
81. Haemaphysalis lagrangei Larrousse, 1925
82. Haemaphysalis laocayensis Phan Trong, 1977
83. Haemaphysalis leachi ( Audouin, 1826)
84. Haemaphysalis lemuris Hoogstraal, 1953
85. Haemaphysalis leporispalustris (Packard, 1869)
86. Haemaphysalis lobachovi Kolonin, 1995
87. Haemaphysalis longicornis Neumann, 1901
88. Haemaphysalis luzonensis Hoogstraal and Parrish, 1968
89. Haemaphysalis madagascariensis Colas-Belcour and Millot, 1948
90. Haemaphysalis mageshimaensis Saito and Hoogstraal, 1973
91. Haemaphysalis megalaimae Rajagopalan, 1963
92. Haemaphysalis megaspinosa Saito, 1969
93. Haemaphysalis menglaensis Pang, Chen and Xiang, 1982
94. Haemaphysalis minuta Kohls, 1950
95. Haemaphysalis mjoebergi Warburton, 1926
96. Haemaphysalis montgomeryi Nuttall, 1912
97. Haemaphysalis moreli Camicas, Hoogstraal and El Kammah, 1972
98. Haemaphysalis moschisuga Teng, 1980
99. Haemaphysalis muhsamae Santos Dias, 1954 . This species is ignored in the Kolonin (2009) list.
100. Haemaphysalis nadchatrami Hoogstraal, Trapido and Kohls, 1965
101. Haemaphysalis nepalensis Hoogstraal, 1962
102. Haemaphysalis nesomys Hoogstraal, Uilenberg and Klein, 1966
103. Haemaphysalis norvali Hoogstraal and Wassef, 1983
104. Haemaphysalis novaeguineae Hirst, 1914
105. Haemaphysalis obesa Larrousse, 1925
106. Haemaphysalis obtusa Dönitz, 1910
107. Haemaphysalis oliveri Apanaskevich and Horak, 2008 . This species is not included in the Kolonin (2009) list of ixodid ticks.
108. Haemaphysalis orientalis Nuttall and Warburton, 1915
109. Haemaphysalis ornithophila Hoogstraal and Kohls, 1959
110. Haemaphysalis palawanensis Kohls, 1950
111. Haemaphysalis papuana Thorell, 1883
112. Haemaphysalis paraleachi Camicas, Hoogstraal and El Kammah, 1983
113. Haemaphysalis paraturturis Hoogstraal, Trapido and Rebello, 1963
114. Haemaphysalis parmata Neumann, 1905
115. Haemaphysalis parva (Neumann, 1897)
116. Haemaphysalis pavlovskyi Pospelova-Shtrom, 1935 . Guglielmone et al. (2009) provide strong arguments for the validity of H. pavlovskyi , but Kolonin (2009) regards this species as a synonym of H. doenitzi , a position that we consider unjustified.
117. Haemaphysalis pedetes Hoogstraal, 1972
118. Haemaphysalis pentalagi Pospelova-Shtrom, 1935
119. Haemaphysalis petrogalis Roberts, 1970
120. Haemaphysalis phasiana Saito, Hoogstraal and Wassef, 1974 . Kolonin (2009) considers H. phasiana a synonym of H. doenitzi , but his evidence is not conclusive.
121. Haemaphysalis pospelovashtromae Hoogstraal, 1966 . See H. danieli .
122. Haemaphysalis primitiva Teng, 1982
123. Haemaphysalis psalistos Hoogstraal, Kohls and Parrish, 1967
124. Haemaphysalis punctaleachi Camicas, Hoogstraal and El Kammah, 1983
125. Haemaphysalis punctata Canestrini and Fanzago, 1878
126. Haemaphysalis quadriaculeata Kolonin, 1992
127. Haemaphysalis quinghaiensis Teng, 1980 . Guglielmone et al. (2009) follow Camicas et al. (1998) in stressing that the correct Latin epithet for this species is quinghaiensis , not qinghaiensis, even though the latter spelling appears in the original description.
128. Haemaphysalis ramachandrai Dhanda, Hoogstraal and Bhat, 1970
129. Haemaphysalis ratti Kohls, 1948
130. Haemaphysalis renschi Schulze, 1933
131. Haemaphysalis roubaudi Toumanoff, 1940
132. Haemaphysalis rugosa Santos Dias, 1956
133. Haemaphysalis rusae Kohls, 1950
134. Haemaphysalis sambar Hoogstraal, 1971
135. Haemaphysalis sciuri Kohls, 1950
136. Haemaphysalis semermis Neumann, 1901
137. Haemaphysalis shimoga Trapido and Hoogstraal, 1964 . See H. anomaloceraea .
138. Haemaphysalis silacea Robinson, 1912
139. Haemaphysalis silvafelis Hoogstraal and Trapido, 1963
140. Haemaphysalis simplex Neumann, 1897
141. Haemaphysalis simplicima Hoogstraal and Wassef, 1979
142. Haemaphysalis sinensis Zhang, 1981
143. Haemaphysalis spinigera Neumann, 1897
144. Haemaphysalis spinulosa Neumann, 1906
145. Haemaphysalis subelongata Hoogstraal, 1953
146. Haemaphysalis subterra Hoogstraal, El Kammah and Camicas, 1992
147. Haemaphysalis sulcata Canestrini and Fanzago, 1878
148. Haemaphysalis sumatraensis Hoogstraal, El Kammah, Kadarsan and Anastos, 1971
149. Haemaphysalis sundrai Sharif, 1928
150. Haemaphysalis suntzovi Kolonin, 1993
151. Haemaphysalis susphilippensis Hoogstraal, Kohls and Parrish, 1968
152. Haemaphysalis taiwana Sugimoto, 1936 . See H. anomaloceraea .
153. Haemaphysalis tauffliebi Morel, 1965
154. Haemaphysalis theilerae Hoogstraal, 1953
155. Haemaphysalis tibetensis Hoogstraal, 1965
156. Haemaphysalis tiptoni Hoogstraal, 1953
157. Haemaphysalis toxopei Warburton, 1927 . This species is ignored in Kolonin’s (2009) list of the Ixodidae of the world.
158. Haemaphysalis traguli Oudemans, 1928
159. Haemaphysalis traubi Kohls, 1955
160. Haemaphysalis turturis Nuttall and Warburton, 1915 .
161. Haemaphysalis verticalis Itagaki, Noda and Yamaguchi, 1944
162. Haemaphysalis vidua Warburton and Nuttall, 1909
163. Haemaphysalis warburtoni Nuttall, 1912
164. Haemaphysalis wellingtoni Nuttall and Warburton, 1908
165. Haemaphysalis yeni Toumanoff, 1944
166. Haemaphysalis zumpti Hoogstraal and El Kammah, 1974
1. Hyalomma aegyptium (Linnaeus, 1758) . This is the type species of the genus Hyalomma , as discussed in Filippova (1984). It was originally named Acarus aegyptius . See also H. dromedarii .
2. Hyalomma albiparmatum Schulze, 1919 . Apanaskevich & Horak (2008) consider H. albiparmatum a valid species but did not discount the possibility that it may be conspecific with H. truncatum . See also H. nitidum .
3. Hyalomma anatolicum Koch, 1844 . See H. excavatum .
4. Hyalomma arabica Pegram, Hoogstraal and Wassef, 1982
5. Hyalomma asiaticum Schulze and Schlottke, 1930
6. Hyalomma brevipunctata Sharif, 1928
7. Hyalomma dromedarii Koch, 1844 . This is the type species of the genus Hyalomma in Camicas et al. (1998), but we agree with Filippova (1984), who considers H. aegyptium to be the type.
8. Hyalomma excavatum Koch, 1844 . This species was previously classified as a subspecies of H. anatolicum (Guglielmone et al. 2009) .
9. Hyalomma franchinii Tonelli-Rondelli, 1932 .
10. Hyalomma glabrum Delpy, 1949 . This name was until recently considered a synonym of H. turanicum (Guglielmone et al. 2009) .
11. Hyalomma hussaini Sharif, 1928
12. Hyalomma hystricis Dhanda and Raja, 1974
13. Hyalomma impeltatum Schulze and Schlottke, 1930 . See H. erythraeum , paragraph “v” above our list of Ixodidae .
14. Hyalomma impressum Koch, 1844
15. Hyalomma isaaci Sharif, 1928 . This species was previously classified as a subspecies of H. marginatum (Guglielmone et al. 2009) .
16. Hyalomma kumari Sharif, 1928
17. Hyalomma lusitanicum Koch, 1844
18. Hyalomma marginatum Koch, 1844 . See H. isaaci , H. rufipes and H. turanicum .
19. Hyalomma nitidum Schulze, 1919 . Apanaskevich & Horak (2008) consider H. nitidum a valid species but left open the possibility that it may be conspecific with H. truncatum . See also H. albiparmatum .
20. Hyalomma punt Hoogstraal, Kaiser and Pedersen, 1969
21. Hyalomma rhipicephaloides Neumann, 1901
22. Hyalomma rufipes Koch, 1844 . This species was previously classified as a subspecies of H. marginatum (Guglielmone et al. 2009) .
23. Hyalomma schulzei Olenev, 1931
24. Hyalomma scupense Schulze, 1919 . Until recently, this species was known as H. detritum Schulze, 1919 by many Western workers. Because this is an economically important tick, Guglielmone et al. (2009) proposed referring to it as H. scupense (= H. detritum ) in order to avoid confusion.
25. Hyalomma somalicum Tonelli-Rondelli, 1935 . This taxon was recently resurrected by Apanaskevich and Horak (2009).
26. Hyalomma truncatum Koch, 1844 . See H. albiparmatum and H. nitidum .
27. Hyalomma turanicum Pomerantzev, 1946 . This species was previously classified as a subspecies of H. marginatum (Guglielmone et al. 2009) . Kolonin (2009) excludes H. turanicum from his list of ixodid ticks of the world.
1. Ixodes abrocomae Lahille, 1916 . Some authors have listed the year 1916 for Lahille´s original description of Ixodes abrocomae , while others have used the year 1917. An inquiry to the U.S Library of Congress failed to resolve the problem. A request to the Sociedad Chilena de Biología (publisher of Revista Chilena de Historia Natural, where the description of I. abrocomae appeared) was not answered. We consider 1916 as the year of description of I. abrocomae . See also I. sigelos .
2. Ixodes acuminatus Neumann, 1901 . See I. redikorzevi .
3. Ixodes acutitarsus (Karsch, 1880)
4. Ixodes affinis Neumann, 1899
5. Ixodes albignaci Uilenberg and Hoogstraal, 1969
6. Ixodes alluaudi Neumann, 1913
7. Ixodes amarali Fonseca, 1935
8. Ixodes amersoni Kohls, 1966
9. Ixodes anatis Chilton, 1904 . Some authors consider the name of this species to be I. apteridis Maskell, 1897 , a nomen nudum (Guglielmone et al. 2009).
10. Ixodes andinus Kohls, 1956
11. Ixodes angustus Neumann, 1899
12. Ixodes antechini Roberts, 1960
13. Ixodes apronophorus Schulze, 1924
14. Ixodes arabukiensis Arthur, 1959 . This species is very similar to I. djaronensis , but Guglielmone et al. (2009) consider it valid pending a comparison of types. Kolonin (2009) excludes I. arabukiensis from his list of Ixodidae .
15. Ixodes aragaoi Fonseca, 1935
16. Ixodes arboricola Schulze and Schlottke, 1930
17. Ixodes arebiensis Arthur, 1956
18. Ixodes asanumai Kitaoka, 1973
19. Ixodes aulacodi Arthur, 1956
20. Ixodes auriculaelongae Arthur, 1958
21. Ixodes auritulus Neumann, 1904 . This name is thought to represent an Ixodes species group ( González-Acuña et al. 2009).
22. Ixodes australiensis Neumann, 1904
23. Ixodes baergi Cooley and Kohls, 1942
24. Ixodes bakeri Arthur and Clifford, 1961
25. Ixodes banksi Bishopp, 1911
26. Ixodes bedfordi Arthur, 1959
27. Ixodes bequaerti Cooley and Kohls, 1945
28. Ixodes berlesei Birula, 1895
29. Ixodes bivari Santos Dias, 1990 . Kolonin (2009) does not include I. bivari in his list; apparently he regards this name as a synonym of I. ventalloi . One of us (AEP) examined the types of I. bivari and found that they differ from I. ventalloi , especially in the morphology of the basis capituli. Therefore, we treat I. bivari as valid.
30. Ixodes boliviensis Neumann, 1904 . This species is very similar to I. diversifossus , but Guglielmone et al. (2009) consider it valid pending a comparison of types.
31. Ixodes brewsterae Keirans, Clifford and Walker, 1982
32. Ixodes browningi Arthur, 1956
33. Ixodes brumpti Morel, 1965
34. Ixodes brunneus Koch, 1844
35. Ixodes calcarhebes Arthur and Zulu, 1980
36. Ixodes caledonicus Nuttall, 1910
37. Ixodes canisuga Johnston, 1849 . Teng and Jiang (1991) and Kolonin (2009) consider I. canisuga a synonym of I. crenulatus but provide no supporting evidence; we therefore have retained I. canisuga as valid.
38. Ixodes capromydis Èern 1966
39. Ixodes catherinei Keirans, Clifford and Walker, 1982
40. Ixodes cavipalpus Nuttall and Warburton, 1908
41. Ixodes ceylonensis Kohls, 1950
42. Ixodes chilensis Kohls, 1956
43. Ixodes colasbelcouri Arthur, 1957
44. Ixodes collocaliae Schulze, 1937
45. Ixodes columnae Takada and Fujita, 1992
46. Ixodes conepati Cooley and Kohls, 1943
47. Ixodes confusus Roberts, 1960
48. Ixodes cookei Packard, 1869
49. Ixodes cooleyi Aragão and Fonseca, 1951
51. Ixodes cordifer Neumann, 1908
52. Ixodes cornuae Arthur, 1960
53. Ixodes cornuatus Roberts, 1960
54. Ixodes cornutus Lotozky, 1956 . Camicas et al. (1998) consider I. cornutus a synonym of I. rugicollis , although Filippova (1977) redescribed I. cornutus as valid. We treat this species as tentatively valid, pending type comparison with I. rugicollis .
55. Ixodes corwini Keirans, Clifford and Walker, 1982
56. Ixodes crenulatus Koch, 1844 . See I. canisuga and I. prokopjevi
57. Ixodes cuernavacensis Kohls and Clifford, 1966
58. Ixodes cumulatimpunctatus Schulze, 1943
59. Ixodes dampfi Cooley, 1943
60. Ixodes daveyi Nuttall, 1913
61. Ixodes dawesi Arthur, 1956
62. Ixodes dendrolagi Wilson, 1967
63. Ixodes dentatus Marx, 1899
64. Ixodes dicei Keirans and Ajohda, 2003
65. Ixodes diomedeae Arthur, 1958
66. Ixodes diversifossus Neumann, 1899 . Kolonin (2009) does not include this species in his list of world Ixodidae . See also I. boliviensis .
67. Ixodes djaronensis Neumann, 1907 . See I. arabukiensis
68. Ixodes domerguei Uilenberg and Hoogstraal, 1965
70. Ixodes drakensbergensis Clifford, Theiler and Baker, 1975
71. Ixodes eadsi Kohls and Clifford, 1964
72. Ixodes eastoni Keirans and Clifford, 1983
73. Ixodes eichhorni Nuttall, 1916
74. Ixodes eldaricus Dzhaparidze, 1950
75. Ixodes elongatus Bedford, 1929
76. Ixodes eudyptidis Maskell, 1885
77. Ixodes euplecti Arthur, 1958
78. Ixodes evansi Arthur, 1956
79. Ixodes fecialis Warburton and Nuttall, 1909
80. Ixodes festai Tonelli-Rondelli, 1926
81. Ixodes filippovae Č erný, 1961. Kolonin (2009) does not include this species in his list of ixodid ticks of the world. He is probably following Filippova (1977), who considers I. filippovae a synonym of I. crenulatus . In fact, the status of I. filippovae is questionable and we list this species as provisionally valid while awaiting further studies.
82. Ixodes fossulatus Neumann, 1899
83. Ixodes frontalis (Panzer, 1798)
84. Ixodes fuscipes Koch, 1844
85. Ixodes galapagoensis Clifford and Hoogstraal, 1980
86. Ixodes ghilarovi Filippova and Panova, 1988
87. Ixodes gibbosus Nuttall, 1916
88. Ixodes granulatus Supino, 1897
89. Ixodes gregsoni Lindquist, Wu and Redner, 1999
90. Ixodes guatemalensis Kohls, 1956
91. Ixodes hearlei Gregson, 1941
92. Ixodes heinrichi Arthur, 1962
93. Ixodes hexagonus Leach, 1815
94. Ixodes himalayensis Dhanda and Kulkarni, 1969
95. Ixodes hirsti Hassall, 1931
96. Ixodes holocyclus Neumann, 1899
97. Ixodes hoogstraali Arthur, 1955
98. Ixodes howelli Cooley and Kohls, 1938
99. Ixodes hyatti Clifford, Hoogstraal and Kohls, 1971
100. Ixodes hydromyidis Swan, 1931
101. Ixodes jacksoni Hoogstraal, 1967
102. Ixodes jellisoni Cooley and Kohls, 1938
103. Ixodes jonesae Kohls, Sonenshine and Clifford, 1969
104. Ixodes kaiseri Arthur, 1957
105. Ixodes kashmiricus Pomerantzev, 1948 . Guglielmone et al. (2009) asserted that the spelling kaschmiricus was correct. However, Pomerantzev (1950) amended the spelling kaschmiricus to kashmiricus , the valid name for this species.
106. Ixodes kazakstani Olenev and Sorokoumov, 1934
107. Ixodes kerguelenensis Andr é and Colas-Belcour, 1942
108. Ixodes kingi Bishopp, 1911
109. Ixodes kohlsi Arthur, 1955
110. Ixodes kopsteini (Oudemans, 1926)
111. Ixodes kuntzi Hoogstraal and Kohls, 1965
112. Ixodes laguri Olenev, 1929
113. Ixodes lasallei Méndez Arocha and Ortiz, 1958
114. Ixodes latus Arthur, 1958
115. Ixodes laysanensis Wilson, 1964
116. Ixodes lemuris Arthur, 1958
117. Ixodes lewisi Arthur, 1965
118. Ixodes lividus Koch, 1844
119. Ixodes longiscutatus Boero, 1944
120. Ixodes loricatus Neumann, 1899
121. Ixodes loveridgei Arthur, 1958
122. Ixodes luciae Sénevet, 1940
123. Ixodes lunatus Neumann, 1907
124. Ixodes luxuriosus Schulze, 1932
125. Ixodes macfarlanei Keirans, Clifford and Walker, 1982
126. Ixodes malayensis Kohls, 1962
127. Ixodes marmotae Cooley and Kohls, 1938
129. Ixodes maslovi Emel ´yanova and Kozlovskaya, 1967. Kolonin (2009) considers I. maslovi a synonym of I. persulcatus , but Guglielmone et al. (2009) provide arguments for its validity.
130. Ixodes matopi Spickett, Keirans, Norval and Clifford, 1981
131. Ixodes mexicanus Cooley and Kohls, 1942
132. Ixodes minor Neumann, 1902
133. Ixodes minutae Arthur, 1959
134. Ixodes mitchelli Kohls, Clifford and Hoogstraal, 1970
135. Ixodes monospinosus Saito, 1968
136. Ixodes montoyanus Cooley, 1944
137. Ixodes moreli Arthur, 1957
138. Ixodes moscharius Teng, 1982
139. Ixodes moschiferi Nemenz, 1968
140. Ixodes muniensis Arthur and Burrow, 1957
141. Ixodes muris Bishopp and Smith, 1937
142. Ixodes murreleti Cooley and Kohls, 1945
143. Ixodes myospalacis Teng, 1986
144. Ixodes myotomys Clifford and Hoogstraal, 1970
145. Ixodes myrmecobii Roberts, 1962
146. Ixodes nairobiensis Nuttall, 1916
147. Ixodes nchisiensis Arthur, 1958
148. Ixodes nectomys Kohls, 1956
149. Ixodes neitzi Clifford, Walker and Keirans, 1977
150. Ixodes nesomys Uilenberg and Hoogstraal, 1969
151. Ixodes neuquenensis Ringuelet, 1947
152. Ixodes nicolasi Santos Dias, 1982 . Kolonin (2009) excludes this species from his list of world Ixodidae .
153. Ixodes nipponensis Kitaoka and Saito, 1967
154. Ixodes nitens Neumann, 1904
155. Ixodes nuttalli Lahille, 1913
156. Ixodes nuttallianus Schulze, 1930
157. Ixodes occultus Pomerantzev, 1946
158. Ixodes ochotonae Gregson, 1941
159. Ixodes okapiae Arthur, 1956
160. Ixodes oldi Nuttall, 1913
161. Ixodes ornithorhynchi Lucas, 1846
162. Ixodes ovatus Neumann, 1899
163. Ixodes pacificus Cooley and Kohls, 1943
164. Ixodes paranaensis Barros-Battesti, Arzua, Pichorim and Keirans, 2003
165. Ixodes pararicinus Keirans and Clifford, 1985
166. Ixodes pavlovskyi Pomerantzev, 1946
167. Ixodes percavatus Neumann, 1906
168. Ixodes peromysci Augustson, 1940
169. Ixodes persulcatus Schulze, 1930 . See also I. maslovi and I. sachalinensis .
170. Ixodes petauristae Warburton, 1933
171. Ixodes philipi Keirans and Kohls, 1970
172. Ixodes pilosus Koch, 1844 . McKay (1994) considers that there are three species under the name I. pilosus . Two of us (DAA and IGH) and co-workers are currently studying I. pilosus and its alleged sibling species.
173. Ixodes pomerantzevi Serdjukova, 1941 . Guglielmone et al. (2009) asserted that the spelling pomeranzevi was correct. However, Pomerantzev (1950) amended the spelling pomeranzevi to pomerantzevi , the valid name for this species.
174. Ixodes pomerantzi Kohls, 1956
175. Ixodes priscicollaris Schulze, 1932
176. Ixodes procaviae Arthur and Burrow, 1957
177. Ixodes prokopjevi (Emel´yanova, 1979). Kolonin (2009) appears to consider this species a likely synonym of I. crenulatus , but we find no reason to declare I. prokopjevi invalid.
178. Ixodes radfordi Kohls, 1948
179. Ixodes rageaui Arthur, 1958
180. Ixodes randrianasoloi Uilenberg and Hoogstraal, 1969
181. Ixodes rasus Neumann, 1899
182. Ixodes redikorzevi Olenev, 1927 . Kolonin (2009) considers this species a synonym of I. acuminatus , but we regard it as provisionally valid.
183. Ixodes rhabdomysae Arthur, 1959
184. Ixodes ricinus (Linnaeus, 1758) . This is the type species of the genus Ixodes ; it was originally named Acarus ricinus .
185. Ixodes rothschildi Nuttall and Warburton, 1911
186. Ixodes rotundatus Arthur, 1958
187. Ixodes rubicundus Neumann, 1904
188. Ixodes rubidus Neumann, 1901
189. Ixodes rugicollis Schulze and Schlottke, 1930 . See I. cornutus .
190. Ixodes rugosus Bishopp, 1911
191. Ixodes sachalinensis Filippova, 1971 . Kolonin (2009) considers I. sachalinensis a synonym of I. persulcatus , but Guglielmone et al. (2009) have found no evidence to support this position.
192. Ixodes scapularis Say, 1821
193. Ixodes schillingsi Neumann, 1901
194. Ixodes schulzei Aragão and Fonseca, 1951
195. Ixodes sculptus Neumann, 1904
196. Ixodes semenovi Olenev, 1929
197. Ixodes shahi Clifford, Hoogstraal and Kohls, 1971
198. Ixodes siamensis Kitaoka and Suzuki, 1983 . Kolonin (2009) considers I. siamensis a synonym of I. ovatus , but Guglielmone et al. (2009) treat it as provisionally valid.
199. Ixodes sigelos Keirans, Clifford and Corwin, 1976 . In Camicas et al. (1998), I. sigelos is listed as a synonym of I. abrocomae Lahille, 1916 , but Guglielmone et al. (2009) found no evidence for this arrangement and declared both names valid. Recently, Guglielmone et al. (in press) redescribed the male and described the female of I. abrocomae , thereby settling this controversy.
200. Ixodes signatus Birula, 1895
201. Ixodes simplex Neumann, 1906
202. Ixodes sinaloa Kohls and Clifford, 1966
203. Ixodes sinensis Teng, 1977
204. Ixodes soricis Gregson, 1942
205. Ixodes spinae Arthur, 1958
206. Ixodes spinicoxalis Neumann, 1899
207. Ixodes spinipalpis Hadwen and Nuttall, 1916
208. Ixodes steini Schulze, 1932
209. Ixodes stilesi Neumann, 1911
210. Ixodes stromi Filippova, 1957
211. Ixodes subterraneus Filippova, 1961 . This species was originally named I. subterranus in Filipppova (1961), but amended to I. subterraneus in Filippova (1977).
212. Ixodes succineus Weidner, 1964 . Fossil. This species is not included in Kolonin (2009).
213. Ixodes taglei Kohls, 1969
214. Ixodes tamaulipas Kohls and Clifford, 1966
215. Ixodes tancitarius Cooley and Kohls, 1942
216. Ixodes tanuki Saito, 1964
217. Ixodes tapirus Kohls, 1956
218. Ixodes tasmani Neumann, 1899
219. Ixodes tecpanensis Kohls, 1956
220. Ixodes texanus Banks, 1909
221. Ixodes theilerae Arthur, 1953
222. Ixodes thomasae Arthur and Burrow, 1957
223. Ixodes tiptoni Kohls and Clifford, 1962
224. Ixodes tovari Cooley, 1945
225. Ixodes transvaalensis Clifford and Hoogstraal, 1966
226. Ixodes trianguliceps Birula, 1895
227. Ixodes trichosuri Roberts, 1960
228. Ixodes tropicalis Kohls, 1956
229. Ixodes turdus Nakatsuji, 1942
230. Ixodes ugandanus Neumann, 1906
231. Ixodes unicavatus Neumann, 1908 232. Ixodes uriae White, 1852
233. Ixodes vanidicus Schulze, 1943
234. Ixodes venezuelensis Kohls, 1953 235. Ixodes ventalloi Gil Collado, 1936 236. Ixodes vespertilionis Koch, 1844
237. Ixodes vestitus Neumann, 1908
238. Ixodes victoriensis Nuttall, 1916
239. Ixodes walkerae Clifford, Kohls and Hoogstraal, 1968 240. Ixodes werneri Kohls, 1950
241. Ixodes woodi Bishopp, 1911
242. Ixodes zaglossi Kohls, 1960
243. Ixodes zairensis Keirans, Clifford and Walker, 1982 1. Nosomma monstrosum (Nuttall and Warburton, 1908) . This is the type species of the formerly monotypic genus Nosomma ; it was originally named Hyalomma monstrosum .
2. Nosomma keralensis Prakasan and Ramani, 2007 . The original description of this species is very poor and we strongly doubt its validity (Guglielmone et al. 2009), but we include it here pending type comparison with N. monstrosum , which should readily clarify its status. Kolonin (2009) does not include this species in his list of the Ixodidae of the world.
1. Rhipicentor bicornis Nuttall and Warburton, 1908 . This is the type species of the genus Rhipicentor . 2. Rhipicentor nuttalli Cooper and Robinson, 1908
1. Rhipicephalus annulatus (Say, 1821) (Boophilus) . This is the type species of the genus Boophilus . This species was originally named Ixodes annulatus .
2. Rhipicephalus appendiculatus Neumann, 1901
3. Rhipicephalus aquatilis Walker, Keirans and Pegram, 1993
4. Rhipicephalus armatus Pocock, 1900
5. Rhipicephalus arnoldi Theiler and Zumpt, 1949
6. Rhipicephalus aurantiacus Neumann, 1907 . Guglielmone et al. (2009) note that this tick is considered a synonym of R. ziemanni by some authors, but because there has been no comparison of types, we provisionally regard R. aurantiacus as valid. Kolonin (2009) does not include R. aurantiacus in his list of world Ixodidae .
7. Rhipicephalus bequaerti Zumpt, 1949
8. Rhipicephalus bergeoni Morel and Balis, 1976
9. Rhipicephalus boueti Morel, 1957
10. Rhipicephalus bursa Canestrini and Fanzago, 1878
11. Rhipicephalus camicasi Morel, Mouchet and Rodhain, 1976
12. Rhipicephalus capensis Koch, 1844
13. Rhipicephalus carnivoralis Walker, 1966
14. Rhipicephalus cliffordi Morel, 1965 . Guglielmone et al. (2009) note that this tick has been considered a synonym of R. pseudolongus , but because there has been no comparison of types, we provisionally regard R. cliffordi as valid. Kolonin (2009) does not share this opinion.
15. Rhipicephalus complanatus Neumann, 1911
16. Rhipicephalus compositus Neumann, 1897
17. Rhipicephalus cuspidatus Neumann, 1906
18. Rhipicephalus decoloratus Koch, 1844 (Boophilus)
19. Rhipicephalus deltoideus Neumann, 1910
20. Rhipicephalus distinctus Bedford, 1932
21. Rhipicephalus duttoni Neumann, 1907
22. Rhipicephalus dux Dönitz, 1910
23. Rhipicephalus evertsi Neumann, 1897
24. Rhipicephalus exophthalmos Keirans and Walker, 1993
25. Rhipicephalus follis Dönitz, 1910
26. Rhipicephalus fulvus Neumann, 1913
27. Rhipicephalus geigyi Aeschlimann and Morel, 1965 (Boophilus)
28. Rhipicephalus gertrudae Feldman-Muhsam, 1960
29. Rhipicephalus glabroscutatum Du Toit, 1941
30. Rhipicephalus guilhoni Morel and Vassiliades, 1963
31. Rhipicephalus haemaphysaloides Supino, 1897
32. Rhipicephalus humeralis Tonelli-Rondelli, 1926
33. Rhipicephalus hurti Wilson, 1954
34. Rhipicephalus interventus Walker, Pegram and Keirans, 1995
35. Rhipicephalus jeanneli Neumann, 1913
36. Rhipicephalus kochi Dönitz, 1905
37. Rhipicephalus kohlsi (Hoogstraal and Kaiser, 1960) (Boophilus)
38. Rhipicephalus leporis Pomerantzev, 1946
39. Rhipicephalus longiceps Warburton, 1912
40. Rhipicephalus longicoxatus Neumann, 1905
41. Rhipicephalus longus Neumann, 1907 . See R. pseudolongus .
42. Rhipicephalus lounsburyi Walker, 1990
43. Rhipicephalus lunulatus Neumann, 1907
44. Rhipicephalus maculatus Neumann, 1901
45. Rhipicephalus masseyi Nuttall and Warburton, 1908
46. Rhipicephalus microplus ( Canestrini, 1888) (Boophilus) . Some authors have listed the year 1887 for the original description of Rhipicephalus microplus (the species was described as Haemophysalis [sic] micropla ), while others have used the year 1888. An inquiry to the U.S. Library of Congress has shown that Canestrini (1887) was actually published in Padova by Stabilimento Prosperini in 1888; therefore, we recognize the latter year for the description of R. microplus . A recent study by Labruna et al. (2009b) presents evidence that populations of R. microplus from Australia are not conspecific with Afrotropical and Neotropical populations, although Afrotropical and Neotropical populations are conspecific.
47. Rhipicephalus moucheti Morel, 1965
48. Rhipicephalus muehlensi Zumpt, 1943
49. Rhipicephalus muhsamae Morel and Vassiliades, 1965
50. Rhipicephalus neumanni Walker, 1990
51. Rhipicephalus nitens Neumann, 1904
52. Rhipicephalus oculatus Neumann, 1901
53. Rhipicephalus oreotragi Walker and Horak, 2000
54. Rhipicephalus pilans Schulze, 1935
55. Rhipicephalus planus Neumann, 1907
56. Rhipicephalus praetextatus Gerstäcker, 1873
57. Rhipicephalus pravus Dönitz, 1910
58. Rhipicephalus pseudolongus Santos Dias, 1953 . Guglielmone et al. (2009) note that this tick is considered a synonym of R. longus by some authors, but no evidence has been forthcoming to support such a view; therefore, we regard R. pseudolongus as tentatively valid. See also R. cliffordi .
59. Rhipicephalus pulchellus (Gerstäcker, 1873)
60. Rhipicephalus pumilio Schulze, 1935
61. Rhipicephalus punctatus Warburton, 1912 . See R. serranoi .
62. Rhipicephalus pusillus Gil Collado, 1936
63. Rhipicephalus ramachandrai Dhanda, 1966
64. Rhipicephalus rossicus Yakimov and Kol-Yakimova, 1911
65. Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Latreille, 1806) . This is the type species of the genus Rhipicephalus ; it was originally named Ixodes sanguineus .
66. Rhipicephalus scalpturatus Santos Dias, 1959
67. Rhipicephalus schulzei Olenev, 1929
68. Rhipicephalus sculptus Warburton, 1912
69. Rhipicephalus senegalensis Koch, 1844
70. Rhipicephalus serranoi Santos Dias, 1950 . Guglielmone et al. (2009) note that this species is considered a synonym of R. punctatus by some authors, but characters useful for separating the two species have been published.
71. Rhipicephalus simpsoni Nuttall, 1910
72. Rhipicephalus simus Koch, 1844
73. Rhipicephalus sulcatus Neumann, 1908
74. Rhipicephalus supertritus Neumann, 1907
75. Rhipicephalus tetracornus Kitaoka and Suzuki, 1983 . Kolonin (2009) excludes R. tetracornus from his list of world Ixodidae , but the holotype nymph exists and no evidence has been proffered to support synonymization (Guglielmone et al. 2009).
76. Rhipicephalus theileri Bedford and Hewitt, 1925
77. Rhipicephalus tricuspis Dönitz, 1906
78. Rhipicephalus turanicus Pomerantzev, 1940 . While most Western workers list the year 1936 for the original description of R. turanicus , we follow Filippova (1997), who considers 1940 to be the correct year.
79. Rhipicephalus warburtoni Walker and Horak, 2000
80. Rhipicephalus zambeziensis Walker, Norval and Corwin, 1981
81. Rhipicephalus ziemanni Neumann, 1904 . See R. aurantiacus .
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