Anisandrus dispar (Fabricius, 1792)

Smith, Sarah M., Beaver, Roger A. & Cognato, Anthony I., 2020, A monograph of the Xyleborini (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae) of the Indochinese Peninsula (except Malaysia) and China, ZooKeys 983, pp. 1-442 : 1

Anisandrus dispar (Fabricius, 1792) Fig. 20A, B, I

Apate dispar Fabricius, 1792: 363.

Anisandrus dispar (Fabricius): Ferrari 1867: 24.

Xyleborus dispar (Fabricius): Hagedorn 1910b: 98.

Anisandrus dispar (Fabricius): Hulcr et al. 2007: 578.

Bostrichus thoracicus Panzer, 1793: 34. Synonymy: Hagedorn 1910b: 102.

Scolytus pyri Peck, 1817: 207. Synonymy: Hubbard 1897: 22; Swaine 1918: 124.

Bostrichus tachygraphus Sahlberg, 1836: 152. Synonymy: Eichhoff 1876b: 378.

Bostrichus ratzeburgi Kolenati, 1846: 39. Synonymy: Ferrari 1867: 27.

Xyleborus ishidai Niisima, 1909: 156. Synonymy: Smith et al. 2018b: 393.

Anisandrus aequalis Reitter, 1913: 81. Synonymy: Knížek 2011: 242.

Anisandrus swainei Drake, 1921: 203. Synonymy: Wood 1957: 403.

Xyleborus dispar rugulosus Eggers, 1922: 17. Synonymy: Schedl 1964d: 314.

Xyleborus cerasi Eggers, 1937: 335. Synonymy: Schedl 1964c: 220.

Xyleborus khinganensis Murayama, 1943: 100. Synonymy: Knížek 2011: 242.

Type material.

Holotype Anisandrus swainei (NMNH). Lectotype Xyleborus dispar rugulosus (NMNH). Lectotype Xyleborus ishidai (NIAES). Holotype Xyleborus khinganensis (NMNH).

Diagnosis.

3.1-3.5 mm long (mean = 3.4 mm; n = 5); 2.27-2.5 × as long as wide. This species is distinguished by the mesonotal mycangial tuft sparse, the length of the scutellum; declivital interstriae uniseriate granulate; discal interstriae with two or three confused rows of punctures; declivital interstriae 1 slightly raised, interstriae 2 and 3 even; declivital face smooth, shiny; and declivital interstrial setae erect, 1.5 × the width of an interstria.

Similar species.

Anisandrus maiche , A. paragogus , Xylosandrus germanus .

Distribution.

Europe and North Africa, through Russia and Central Asia to China (Heilongjiang, Shaanxi), North Korea, and Japan. Introduced to Canada and USA ( Wood 1977; Gomez et al. 2018a).

Host plants.

Polyphagous attacking both angiosperms and conifers ( Wood and Bright 1992; Beaver et al. 2014).

Remarks.

The biology of the species is described by Palm (1959), Chararas (1962), Egger (1973), and French and Roeper (1975). Speranza et al. (2009) examine the effects of temperature and rainfall on flight activity. Like many xyleborines, the species is attracted to ethanol ( Saruhan and Akyol 2012; Galko et al. 2014). It is an important pest of hazel ( Corylus avellana ) ( Betulaceae ) in the Mediterranean area (e.g., Bucini et al. 2005; Saruhan and Akyol 2012), and an occasional pest of fruit trees in the USA ( Wood 1982).

Figures

Figure 20. Dorsal, lateral and declivital view of Anisandrus dispar, 3.1 - 3.5 mm (A, B, I), A. eggersi, 3.1 - 3.2 mm (C, D, J), A. feronia holotype, 2.9 mm (E, F, K), and A. geminatus, 2.9 - 3.2 mm (G, H, L).