Limniris (Tausch) Rchb., Deut. Bot. Herb.

Crespo, Manuel B., Martínez-Azorín, Mario & Mavrodiev, Evgeny V., 2015, Can a rainbow consist of a single colour? A new comprehensive generic arrangement of the ‘ Iris sensu latissimo’ clade (Iridaceae), congruent with morphology and molecular data, Phytotaxa 232 (1), pp. 448-450 : 448-450

9. Limniris (Tausch) Rchb., Deut. Bot. Herb. - Buch: 43 (1841) [≡ Iris sect. Limniris Tausch, Hort. Canal. : without pagination (1823); Iris subg. Limniris (Tausch) Spach, Hist. Nat. Vég. 13: 36 (1846)]. Type (lectotype designated by Rodionenko 2007: 550):— L. sibirica (L.) Fuss, Fl. Transs. 637 (1866) [≡ Iris sibirica L., Sp. Pl.: 39 (1753)]

Description:—Rhizomatous herbs, with persistent or deciduous aerial structures. Rhizome usually thick, branched, clothed with dark remains of leaves; roots fibrous or slightly thickened. Stems aerial, simple or branched in the upper part, solid or hollow, rounded to elliptic in cross section, compressed, sometimes with a longitudinal ridge. Leaves isobilateral, equitant, ensiform to linear, sometimes with prominent ribs, not fetid. Flowers terminal or axillary, pedicellate or subsessile, in small clusters. Spathe valves 2, scarious or herbaceous, ± keeled. Perigone in 2 rows, differing in size and shape, fused in a cylindric or cup-shaped tube, widened at the apex; falls erect-patent, oblong-obovate, reflexed in the upper part, gradually tapering into a short claw, smooth or loosely pubescent; standards erect to erect-patent, oblong to spatulate, shorter or about equalling the length of falls, narrowed into a short haft. Stamen filaments free, adnate to the fall bases. Ovary trilocular, with axile placentation. Style filiform, with 3 petaloid branches, about half longer than falls, each one concealing a stamen; crests short, incurved, quadrate, irregularly fringed on margins; stigma triangular to linguliform, entire or sometimes shallowly emarginate. Capsule oblong to subglobose, dehiscing from apex to about middle, usually not hidden into spathes, sometimes with 6 prominent ridges, or beaked; pericarp coriaceous. Seeds numerous, discoidal to subcubic, flattened, without aril; testa usually ± corky, with surface smooth or papillate. p = 8, 9, 10, 11, 12. Figs. 2E , 4A–C , 6M , 15 .

It includes about 50 species, widespread in Eurasia, northern Africa and North America, albeit absent in the northernmost areas ( Fig. 16–17 ).

Needed new combinations:— Limniris sect. Chrysographes (Simonet) M.B.Crespo, Mart. -Azorín & Mavrodiev, comb. nov. Basionym: Iris subsect. Chrysographes Simonet, Ann. Sci. Nat. , ser. Bot. 10, 16: 371 (1934). Type (holotype):— L. chrysographes (Dykes) Rodion. Limniris australis (Parish) M.B.Crespo, Mart. - Azorín & Mavrodiev, comb. nov. Basionym: Iris hartwegii var. australis Parish, Erythea 6: 86 (1898). Limniris columbiana (L.W.Lenz) M.B.Crespo, Mart. -Azorín & Mavrodiev, comb. nov. Basionym: Iris hartwegii subsp. columbiana L.W.Lenz, Aliso 4: 37 (1958). Limniris hookeri (Penny ex Loudon) M.B.Crespo, Mart. -Azorín & Mavrodiev, comb. nov. Basionym: Iris hookeri Penny ex Loudon, Hort. Brit. ed. 2: 591 (1832) [ I. setosa var. canadensis Foster in Rhodora 5: 158 (1903)]. Limniris interior (E.S.Anderson) M.B.Crespo, Mart. -Azorín & Mavrodiev, comb. nov. Basionym: Iris setosa var. interior E.S.Anderson, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 23: 462 (1936). Limniris klamathensis (L.W.Lenz) M.B.Crespo, Mart. -Azorín & Mavrodiev, comb. nov. [≡ Iris tenax subsp. klamathensis L.W.Lenz, Aliso 4: 64 (1958)]. Limniris neoensata (Y.N.Lee) M.B.Crespo, Mart. -Azorín & Mavrodiev, comb. nov. Basionym: Iris neoensata Y.N.Lee, Bull. Korea Pl. Res. 5: 30 (2005). Limniris pinetorum (Eastw.) M.B.Crespo, Mart. -Azorín & Mavrodiev, comb. nov. Basionym: Iris pinetorum Eastw., Proc. Calif. Acad.

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Sci. ser. 4, 20: 137 (1931). Limniris purdyiformis (R.C.Foster) M.B.Crespo, Mart. -Azorín & Mavrodiev, comb. nov. Basionym: Iris tenuissima var. purdyiformis R.C.Foster, Contr. Gray Herb. 119: 28 (1937). Limniris sanguinea var. tobataensis (S.Akiyama & Iwashina) M.B.Crespo, Mart. -Azorín & Mavrodiev, comb. nov. Basionym: Iris sanguinea var. tobataensis S.Akiyama & Iwashina, Bull. Natl. Mus. Nat. Sci., Tokyo, B, 35: 207 (2009). Limniris sanguinea var. violacea (Makino) M.B.Crespo, Mart. -Azorín & Mavrodiev, comb. nov. Basionym: Iris sanguinea var. violacea Makino, J. Jap. Bot. 6: 32 (1929). Limniris shrevei (Small) M.B.Crespo, Mart. -Azorín & Mavrodiev, comb. nov. Basionym: Iris shrevei Small, Addisonia 12: 13, pl. 391 (1927). Limniris yixingensis (Y.T.Zhao) M.B.Crespo, Mart. -Azorín & Mavrodiev, comb. nov. Basionym: Iris sanguinea var. yixingensis Y.T.Zhao, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 20: 99 (1982). Limniris × robusta (E.S.Anderson) M.B.Crespo, Mart. - Azorín & Mavrodiev, comb. nov. Basionym: Iris × robusta E.S.Anderson, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 15: 304 (1928) ( L. versicolor × L. virginica ). Limniris × sancti-cyrii (J.Rousseau) M.B.Crespo, Mart. -Azorín & Mavrodiev, comb. nov. Basionym: Iris × sancti-cyrii J.Rousseau, Canad. J. Res. , sect. C, Bot. Sci. 28: 241 (1950) ( L. hookeri × L. versicolor ). Limniris × setosothunbergii (H.Koidz. ex T.Shimizu) M.B.Crespo, Mart. -Azorín & Mavrodiev, comb. nov. Basionym: Iris × setosothungbergii H.Koidz. ex T.Shimizu, Fl. Nagano Pref.: 1510 (1997) [ Iris neosetosa Y.N.Lee, Bull. Korea Pl. Res. 2: 16 (2002)] ( L. sanguinea × L. setosa ). Limniris × thompsonii (R.C.Foster) M.B.Crespo, Mart. -Azorín & Mavrodiev, comb. nov. Basionym: Iris × thompsonii R.C.Foster, Rhodora 38: 199 (1936) pro sp. ( L. douglasiana × L. innominata ).

Figures

FIGURE 2. External morphology of rootstock (bulbs, rhizomes and roots). A) Iridodictyum reticulatum, bulb with reticulate outer tunics (photo: Ken Walker); B) Xiphion heracleanum, bulb with membranous outer tunics and stem bulbil (photo: Manuel B. Crespo); C) Juno narbutii, bulb with persistent fleshy roots (photo: Ken Walker); D) Juno rosenbachiana, bulb with persistent fleshy roots (photo: Ken Walker); E) Limniris pseudacorus, rhizome with swollen annulate annual growths (photo: G.–U. Tolkiehn); F) Hermodactylus tuberosus, rhizome with pseudodigitate tubercles (photo: Attilio Marzorati); G) Junopsis barbatula, fleshy tuberous roots surrounding the inconspicuous central rhizome (photo: Ken Walker); H) Phaeiris hexagona, rhizome with fibrous remains of old leaves on scars, and fibrosus roots (photo: Ken Walker); I) Siphonostylis lazica, rhizome dichotomously branched and fibrous roots (photo: Ken Walker); J) Zhaoanthus odaesanensis, slender stoloniferous rhizomes with long, thin roots bearing nodules (photo: Christy Hensler); K) Rodionenkoa gracilipes, heterogeneous rhizome with cord-like branches (photo: Ken Walker); L) Cryptobasis bungei, short rizhomes with reddish-brown remains of leaf sheaths forming an apical neck-like structure (MO s.n.).

FIGURE 4. Flower morphology: falls, standards and stylar branches, sometimes with spathe bracts (cont.). A) Limniris sibirica (photo: Frank Hoehnel); B) Limniris chrysographes (photo: Ken Walker); C) Limniris sanguinea (photo: Andrej Baryshenko); D) Eremiris lactea (photo: Andrey Korzun); E) Sclerosiphon songaricum (photo: Vladimir Kolobincev); F) Joniris brevituba (photo: Georgy Lazkov); G) Phaeiris giganticaerulea (photo: Rodney Barton); H) Zhaoanthus henryi (photo: Ken Walker); I) Zhaoanthus minutoaureus (photo: Dennis Kramb); J) Iridodictyum reticulatum (photo: Sean Zera); K) Iridodictyum danfordiae (photo: Peter Bohnert); L) Cryptobasis mariae (photo: Yuriy Danilevsky).

FIGURE 6. Carpology. A) Belamcanda chinensis, seeds black, long persistent on the central axis of fruit (photo: Stanislav Doronenko); B) Pardanthopsis dichotoma, seeds shortly winged (photo: Ken Walker); C) Gattenhofia verna var. smalliana, seeds with fleshy raphe and ribbed surface (photo: Ken Walker); D) Tectiris tectorum, seeds glossy, pyriform, apiculate, with inconspicuous aril (photo: Ken Walker); E) Evansia wattii, seeds matte, angulose, with small aril (photo: Dennis Kramb); F) Chamaeiris foetidissima, seeds reddish, persistent on valves of the opened fruit (photo: Ken Walker); G) Chamaeiris halophila, seeds with papery, loose testa (photo: David Pilling); H) Hermodactylus tuberosus, seeds globose with gelatinous aril (photo: Ken Walker); I) Lophiris cristata, seeds with long coiled appendage (photo: Jan Sacks); J) Zhaoanthus speculatrix, seeds with aril withering early as a wing (photo: Ken Walker); K) Phaeiris giganticaerulea, seeds large, flattened, with thickened, corky testa (photo: Robert R. Pries); L) Joniris uniflora, seeds with fleshy raphe vanishing on drying (photo: Robert R. Pries); M) Limniris sibirica, seeds discoidal, without aril, with subcorky testa (photo: Ken Walker); N) Rodionenkoa gracilipes, seeds with fleshy raphe and testa surface pitted (photo: Robert R. Pries); O) Junopsis collettii, seeds oblong with conspicuous whitish aril (photo: Ken Walker); P) Zhaoanthus koreanus, seeds globosecompressed, with fleshy raphe withering early as a wing (photo: Robert R. Pries); Q) Iris hoogiana, seeds with prominent aril and testa surface reticulate-wrinkled (photo: Robert R. Pries); R) Iris pumila, seeds without aril and testa surface reticulate-wrinkled (photo: Steve Hurst); S) Juno bucharica, seeds apiculate with fleshy appendage (photo: Ken Walker); T) Siphonostylis lazica, seeds angulose with testa surface covered with sessile glands (photo: Ken Walker). Scale bars in mm.

FIGURE 15. Habit and floral details. A) Limniris sibirica (Dietrich 1832–1833: t. 45); B) L. tenax (Hooker 1834: t. 3343); C) L. pseudacorus (Lindman 1922–1926: t. 398); D) L. wilsonii (Smith 1910: t. 8340).

FIGURE 16. Approximate distribution areas: A) Limniris sect. Limniris (red); B) L. sect. Chrysographes (violet); C) L. sect. Californicae (yellow); D) L. sect. Prismaticae (orange).

FIGURE 17. Approximate distribution area of Limniris sect. Laevigatae (incl. ser. Tripetalae).