Athysanus, Burmeister, 1838
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publication ID |
https://doi.org/ 10.5852/ejt.2013.45 |
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publication LSID |
lsid:zoobank.org:pub:41B10E4D-7DAB-40CA-A8FE-4ECA078E04A3 |
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DOI |
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3844566 |
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persistent identifier |
https://treatment.plazi.org/id/6903BC00-A365-FFCB-AC2B-E734294DF8E6 |
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treatment provided by |
Carolina |
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scientific name |
Athysanus |
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Athysanus View in CoL View at ENA -group (informal genus group)
Fig. 11 View Fig
Diagnosis
The Athysanus -group can be identified by their relatively large and broad shape, frontoclypeus often broad (never long and narrow), clypellus usually parallel-margined or sometimes slightly expanded apically, first valvula often with imbricate sculpturing pattern, and second valvulae often with distinct median dorsal tooth on shaft.
Description
HEAD. Head subequal to or wider than pronotum. Discal portion of crown glabrous with radial or longitudinal striae, or shagreen. Anterior margin of head shagreen; crown rounded to face. Frontoclypeus not tumid to somewhat tumid; texture shagreen or glabrous. Clypellus parallel-sided, tapering apically, or widening apically; apex following or slightly surpassing normal curve of gena. Lorum subequal to or wider than clypellus near base or distinctly narrower than clypellus near base. Antennal bases near middle or posteroventral (lower) corners of eyes. Antennae short, less than 1.5 x width of head. Gena obtusely incised laterally; with fine erect seta beside laterofrontal suture. Antennal ledges absent or weakly developed (carinate or weakly carinate). Ocelli present; close to eyes; on anterior margin of head.
THORAX. Pronotum lateral margin carinate; lateral margin shorter than half basal width of eye.
WINGS. Forewings brachypterous to macropterous; appendix absent, reduced; or restricted to anal margin; with 3 anteapical cells; veins not raised; without reflexed costal veins; A1-A2 crossvein absent or present; apical venation not highly reticulate.
LEGS. Profemur with AM1 seta only; intercalary row with one row of five or more fine setae; row AV with short, stout setae or with relatively long macrosetae. Protibia dorsal surface rounded, convex. Metafemur apex macrosetae 2+2+1. Metatarsomere I not expanded apically or expanded apically; plantar setae simple, tapered.
MALE GENITALIA. Valve articulated with pygofer or rarely fused to subgenital plates; with short point of articulation with pygofer. Pygofer dorsoapical margin incised to near mid-length; basolateral membranous cleft present; macrosetae well differentiated into several rows. Subgenital plates free from each other; usually articulated with valve; without macrosetae or with macrosetae scattered, irregularly arranged, uniseriate laterally, with two lateral rows of macrosetae, with some irregularly arranged macrosetae near lateral margin, or macrosetae uniseriate, distant from lateral margin. Style broadly bilobed basally; median anterior lobe pronounced. Basal processes of the aedeagus/connective absent or reduced. Aedeagus without basal hinge; with a single shaft and gonopore. Connective anterior arms somewhat divergent, Y - or U -shaped; articulated with aedeagus.
FEMALE GENITALIA. Pygofer with numerous macrosetae. Ovipositor not protruding far beyond pygofer apex. First valvula convex or not strongly convex; dorsal sculpturing pattern imbricate (with overlapping scales); sculpturing reaching dorsal margin; without distinctly delimited ventroapical sculpturing. Second valvula broad, gradually tapered; often with dorsal median tooth; teeth on apical 1/3 or more; teeth small, regularly or irregularly shaped.
Geography and ecology
Distribution: Palearctic, Nearctic and Oriental regions. The Athysanus -group genera feed on a variety of woody or herbaceous dicots, grasses or sedges.
Remarks
This informal genus group contains 34 genera, including genera previously included in various subtribes established for the Palearctic fauna by Emeljanov (1999) and Dmitriev (2006b). Our phylogenetic analyses suggest that some members of Allygidiina (e.g., Allygidius ) and Platymetopiina (e.g., Thamnotettix ) are closely related to Athysanus and/or other genera previously placed in Athysanina (e.g., Euscelis ). Additionally, the circumscription of Platymetopiina by Dmitriev (2006b) contains genera that are not closely related to each other based on those included in our analyses. Thus, the previous subtribal classification is abandoned here. Also, because our analyses placed Anoterostemma in this group, Anoterostemmini , which has previously been placed in Cicadellinae ( Oman et al. 1990) or as a subtribe of Limotettigini ( Dmitriev 2002), is here synonymized with Athysanini . The representatives of our proposed Athysanus group were recovered as a monophyletic group in some, but not all, of our phylogenetic analyses and this group is diagnosable based on the morphological features listed above. More taxon sampling and more data are needed to further test the monophyly of this group. Non-Palearctic genera conforming to the above diagnosis but not considered by Emeljanov (1999) and Dmitriev (2006b) are also included in the genus group here.
Selected references
Emeljanov (1999), Dmitriev (2006b).
Included genera
Allygidius Ribaut, 1948 placement nov. (previously placed in Allygidiina)
Allygus Fieber, 1872 placement nov. (previously placed in Allygidiina)
Anoterostemma Löw, 1885 placement nov. (previously placed in Anoterostemmina)
Condylotes Emeljanov, 1959 placement nov. (transferred from Paralimnini )
Graphocraerus Thomson, 1869 placement nov. (previously placed in Allygidiina)
Stictocoris Thomson, 1869 placement nov. (previously placed in Allygidiina)
Syringius Emeljanov, 1966 placement nov. (previously placed in Allygidiina)
Thamnotettix Zetterstedt, 1838 placement nov. (previously placed in Platymetopiina)
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