Costus antioquiensis Maas & H.Maas, 2023

Maas, Paul J. M., Maas-van de Kamer, Hiltje, Andre, Thiago, Skinner, David, Valderrama, Eugenio & Specht, Chelsea D., 2023, Eighteen new species of Neotropical Costaceae (Zingiberales), PhytoKeys 222, pp. 75-127 : 75

Costus antioquiensis Maas & H.Maas sp. nov.

Diagnosis.

Costus antioquiensis sp. nov. (Figs 5 , 6 ) is well recognisable by adaxially oriented flowers, an often present ring of brown, erect and rather stiff hairs at the base of the ligule, and the abaxial leaf lamina and the bracts being often densely villose. It could be confused with Costus laevis Ruiz & Pav., but that species has much darker flowers and is often completely glabrous.

Type.

Colombia, Antioquia: Mun. San Rafael, along road from Guatapé to San Rafael, Rio El Bizcocho , Finca El Castillo , 1059 m, 12 Oct 2013, Maas, Maas-van de Kamer & Valderrama 10488 (holotype L, 3 sheets; isotypes JAUM, K, MO-3159234, MO-3159235) .

Description.

Herb 0.5-5 m tall. Leaves sheaths 10-20 mm diam; ligule truncate, 5-10 mm long, basally densely covered with a ring of brown, erect and rather stiff hairs (villose), sometimes absent; petiole 5-20 mm long; sheaths and petiole sparsely or sometimes densely villose; lamina narrowly elliptic, 30-50 × 9-13 cm, adaxially glabrous, sometimes densely villose, abaxially densely to sometimes sparsely villose or glabrous, base obtuse, apex acuminate (acumen 5-10 mm long). Inflorescence ovoid, 8-16 × 5-6 cm, enlarging to ca. 25 by 7-8 cm in fruit, terminating a leafy shoot; bracts, bracteoles, calyx, ovary, and capsule densely puberulous to villose, rarely glabrous. Flowers adaxially oriented to erect; bracts green, coriaceous, broadly ovate, 3-4 × 3-4 cm, apex obtuse, callus 8-10 mm long; appendages rarely present; bracteole boat-shaped, 20-27 mm long; calyx (pale) red, 7-11 mm long, lobes deltate to shallowly triangular, ca. 3 mm long; corolla yellow, pale orange, or pink, 60-70 mm long, glabrous, lobes elliptic, 40-60 mm long; labellum yellowish white, distal edge horizontally spreading, broadly obovate, 50-70 × 40-60 mm, lateral lobes striped with red, middle lobe reflexed, with dark yellow honey mark, margin irregularly dentate; stamen yellowish white to pink, ca. 40 × 10-12 mm, not exceeding the labellum, apex dark red, entire to dentate, anther ca. 8 mm long. Capsule obovoid, 25-28 mm long.

Distribution.

Colombia (Amazonas, Antioquia, Arauca, Boyacá, Caldas, Cauca, Chocó, Córdoba, Cundinamarca, Guajira, Guaviare, Huila, Meta, Norte de Santander, Quindío, Risaralda, Santander, Tolima, Valle del Cauca, Vichada), Venezuela ( Mérida), Ecuador (Azuay, Carchi, Pastaza, Zamora-Chinchipe), Peru (Ucayali). (Fig. 21E )

Habitat and ecology.

In forests (a.o., "selva baja/alta perennifolia" or wet montane forests) or forested roadsides at elevations of 50-1700 m. Flowering year-round.

Vernacular names.

Colombia: Caña agria, Cañagria, Cañaguate. Peru: Sacha huiro.

Etymology.

This species was collected by Paul and Hiltje Maas for the first time in the Colombian department of Antioquia and is therefore named in recognition of that locality.

Paratypes.

Colombia. Amazonas: Mun. Puerto Nariño, Trapécio Amazónico, orillas del Amazonas, 1 Nov 1945, Duque-Jaramillo 2251 (COL). Antioquia: Mun. Frontino, Corregimiento Nutibara-La Blanquita, 4-7.1 km between Alto de Cuevas and La Blanquita, 1420-1610 m, 26 Jan 1995, Betancur B. et al. 5970 (COL, U, US); Carauta, Mun. Frontino, Corregimiento Carauta, Parque Nacional Natural "Las Orquídeas”, sector Tres Bocas, quebrada San Francisco, poco antes de la desembocadura al río Carauta, Finca La Pradera, 1640-1680 m, 3 Sep 2012, Betancur B. et al. 16507 (NY); Mun. Frontino, Corregimiento Carauta, Parque Nacional Natural "Las Orquídeas”, sector Tres Bocas, margen derecha del río Carauta, poco después de Tres Bocas, Finca La Pradera, 1610 m, 12 Sep 2012, Betancur B. et al. 16651 (NY). Arauca: Campo petrolero de Caño Limón, Consorcio Cravo Norte, cerca del relleno sanitario, 280 m, 16 Oct 1997, Betancur B. 7500 (COL). Boyacá: Puerto Boyacá, Corregimiento Puerto Romero, quebrada alrededores del campamento Techint, 10 Oct 1996, Balcázar 49 (COL); Guacamayas, Vereda La Laguna, sector Litargón, 2349 m, 7 Jun 2009, Beltrán Cuartas 78 (COL). Caldas: Mun. Norcasia, Reserva Natural Ríomanso, ca. 40 km de La Dorada, valle del río Magdalena, 212 m, 14 Oct 2013, Guevara-Ibarra 39 (COL, CUVC); Mun. Victoria, Vereda Gigante, Hacienda La Española, 314-321 m, 5 Jun 2014, Vargas-Figueroa et al. 855 (CUVC). Cauca: Mun. Santander del Quillichao, Hacienda Nana Loisa, 1000 m, 2 Nov 2002, Silverstone-Sopkin et al. 8963 (CUVC). Chocó: Carretera Tutunendo to El Carmén, entre kms 135 y 120, 800-1200 m, 29 Apr 1979, Forero et al. 6161 (COL, MO, U); Mun. San José del Palmar, mouth of Río Torito (affluent of Río Habita), 850-950 m, 16 May 1980, Forero et al. 7413 (COL, U). Córdoba: Montería, Buenos Aires, Finca La Poderoza, 13 Apr 2005, Pulido 107 (COL). Cundinamarca: Yacopí, Inspección de policía de Guadualito, Vereda del Lamal, al lo largo de la carretera de El Lamal a El Gramal, 950-1215 m, 26 Oct 1998, Galeano et al. 2036 (COL); Yacopí, Churupaco, areas llamadas Peladeros, 1700 m, 8 Feb 1956, Idrobo 2027 (COL). Guajira: 16 km S of Carraipia, Corregimiento Guajira, 400 m, 6 Aug 1944, Haught 4292 (MEDEL, US). Guaviare: Mun. San José del Guaviare, Vereda Agua Bonita, Finca El Caimám, 1178 m, 17 Apr 2008, Vélez et al. 7073 (HUA). Huila: Cordillera Oriental, Vertiente occidental, montes más arriba de Guadelupe, 1600-1700 m, 20 Mar 1940, Cuatrecasas & Pérez-Arbeláez 8396 (COL, F); Neiva, Vereda Tamarindo, Finca La Tribuna, camino al pozo San Francisco 67, 550 m, 18 Apr 2004, Obando 284 (COL). Meta: Carretera Buenavista-Villavicencio, Duque-Jaramillo 3912 A (COL, NY); Villavicencio, Reserva Bavaria. 1000 m, 15 Nov 1995, Lozano-Contreras 7397 (COL). Norte de Santander: Hoya del río Sardinata, Finca La Soledad y carretera a Tibú, 50-70 m, 10 May 1965, García-Barriga & Lozano-Contreras 18240 (COL). Quindío: Mun. Montenegro, Vereda El Gigante, Finca El Porvenir, ladera del río Roble, 1100-1200 m, 2 May 2003, Cordero-P. et al. 91 (COL). Risaralda: Mun. Pereira, Hacienda La Alejandria, en la vía Cerritos-La Virginia, 900 m, 24 Jan 1991, Ramos-Pérez et al. 3052 (CUVC, U); Mun. Pereira, Hacienda Alejandria, km 6 of road Cerritos-La Virginia, 900 m, 1 Dec 1989, Silverstone-Sopkin et al. 5811 (CUVC, U). Santander: Puerto Parra-Campo Capote, 24 Jan 1991, Rentería Arriaga et al. 2123 (COL, HUA, JAUM, MO). Tolima: Melgar, Río Sumapán, Hacienda Corinto, 350 m, 26 Sep 1974, Maas & Jaramillo Mejía 1783 (COL); Ibagué, Hacienda Altamira (Laserna), 5 Apr 2014, Villanueva & Cabezas 1844 (COL). Valle del Cauca: Cordillera Occidental, hoya del río Digua, Quebrada del Cauchal, 300 m, 19 Dec 1942, Cuatrecasas 13714 (F, US); Cordillera Central, near Palmira, 1400 m, 3 Jan 1972, Maas & Escobar 596 (U); Quebrada Nueva to Cuchilla, E of Zarzal, 1100-1300 m, 21 Jul 1922, Pennell et al. 8486 (NY, US); Mun. Zarzal, Hacienda El Medio (Carretera Panamericana between La Paila and Zarzal), 950 m, 15 Apr 1987, Silverstone-Sopkin et al. 3085 (CUVC, U). Vichada: Cumaribo, Cerro Thomas, 50 m, 26 Aug 2006, Rojas-Zamora 136 (COL). Ecuador. Azuay: Highway Cuenca-Cola de San Pablo, Contego encampment, 1640 m, 15 Feb 1977, Boeke & Loyola 1009 (L). Carchi: Peñas Blancas, 20 km below Maldonado, on the Río San Juan, 900-1000 m, 27 May 1978, Madison et al. 4623 (F, QCA, SEL, U). Pastaza: valley of the Río Pastaza, near El Topo, 4000-5000 ft, 17 Apr 1945, Camp E 2395 (NY, US). Zamora-Chinchipe: along road from Namirez to Nambija, just S of Nambija, 1779 m, 23 Jul 2004, Croat 92034 (MO, QCNE, U). Peru. Ucayali: Prov. Coronel Portillo, Distr. Padre Abad, La Divisoria, near Río Chino, 1500-1600 m, 3 Jun 1978, Schunke V. 10195 (MO, U). Venezuela. Mérida: Carretera Panamericana, 15 km SW of El Vigia, 50-130 m, 6 Jun 1952, Vareschi & Pannier 1674 (M), 4 Mar 1968, Wessels Boer et al. 2440 (U). Cultivated Material Cultivated in Burgers’ Bush, Arnhem, the Netherlands, from Maas et al. 10488 from Colombia, P.J.M. & H. Maas 10631 (L).

Notes.

Costus antioquiensis sp. nov. could be confused with C. allenii Maas, but in that species, the entire surface of sheaths, ligule and petiole are villose, while C. antioquiensis is highly variable in its indument. Most material has a quite dense villose indument all over the plant, but some specimens of the same population can be almost completely glabrous, especially the adaxial side of the leaves. The ring of erect hairs at the base of the ligule is almost always present in C. antioquiensis but consistently lacking in C. allenii .

C. antioquiensis sp. nov. also looks similar to C. laevis Ruiz & Pav. and was misidentified by us as belonging to that species in the past. It shares with C. laevis the adaxially oriented flowers, but the flowers are a much lighter colour in C. antioquiensis . Moreover, there are notable differences in indumentum, which is almost completely lacking in C. laevis Ruiz & Pav., whereas, in C. antioquiensis , the vegetative parts are mostly densely villose.

Figures

Figure 5. Costus antioquiensis Maas & H. Maas A inflorescence B flower C flower details and handwritten notes by Paul Maas D detail of hairy ligule E sheath. Photos A-E of specimen Maas et al 10488 taken prior to pressing. Photos by Paul Maas.

Figure 6. Costus antioquiensis Maas & H. Maas A inflorescence terminating a leafy shoot B ligule showing indument at margin C inflorescence close up with flower at anthesis D bract (adaxial surface) subtending a bracteole (left), calyx with three lobes, and ovary at the base of the calyx E labellum as viewed from front, with the forked tip of the single fertile stamen visible at the center F stamen (left) and style (right) G stigma close-up, dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views. The forked projection on the ventral surface hooks between the thecae of the fertile stamen to hold the style erect. Drawing by Esmee Winkel.

Figure 21. Distribution maps for new species of Costaceae: Chamaecostus - Costus douglasdalyi A Chamaecostus manausensis Maas & H. Maas B Costus alfredoi Maas & H. Maas C Costus alleniopsis Maas & D. Skinner D Costus alticolus Maas & H. Maas E Costus antioquiensis Maas & H. Maas F Costus callosus Maas & H. Maas G Costus cochabambae Maas & H. Maas H Costus convexus Maas & D. Skinner I Costus douglasdalyi Maas & H. Maas.