Odontobuthus tirgari, MIRSHAMSI ET AL., 2013

Barahoei, Hossein, Prendini, Lorenzo, Navidpour, Shahrokh, Tahir, H. Muhammad, Aliabadian, Mansour, Siahsarvie, Roohollah & Mirshamsi, Omid, 2022, Integrative systematics of the tooth-tailed scorpions, Odontobuthus (Buthidae), with descriptions of three new species from the Iranian Plateau, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 195, pp. 355-398 : 392

ODONTOBUTHUS TIRGARI MIRSHAMSI ET AL., 2013

( FIGS 1–5 , 19 , 20 F, 21F, 22F, TABLES 1 –5)

Odontobuthus doriae: Vatani & Khoobdel, 2009: 10 (misidentification); Ramezani et al., 2010: 55, 56, 58, 59, 60, figs 2, 3, 5 (misidentification); Karataş et al., 2012: 116 (misidentification); Motevalli Haghi et al., 2020: 69–72 (misidentification).

Odontobuthus tirgari Mirshamsi et al., 2013: 153– 168 , figs 1–41; Azghadi et al., 2014: 171; Navidpour & Mirshamsi, 2014: 112; Barahoei et al., 2020: 402, fig. 20.

Type material: Holotype ♀ ( AMNH), one ♂, one ♀ paratypes ( AMNH), IRAN: Razavi Khorasan Province: Gonabad, Borjook village , 1.ix.2012, O. Mirshamsi.

Diagnosis: Odontobuthus tirgari may be separated from other species of the genus by the following combination of characters. Scorpions of medium to large size, adults 44–75 mm (♂) and 50–77 mm (♀) ( Fig. 19 ). General coloration yellow to yellowishgreen. Median ocular tubercle situated in anterior half of carapace, distance from anterior carapace margin, 0.30–0.40. Pedipalp chela movable finger long relative to manus ( MFL / ML, 2.20–2.75). Median denticle rows of pedipalp chela fixed and movable fingers each comprising 13 or 14 oblique subrows of denticles. Pectinal tooth count, 28–33 (♂) and 19–24 (♀). Ventrosubmedian carinae of metasomal segments II and III each with three to five pairs of tooth-like processes ( Fig. 20F ). Metasomal segment IV length to width (L/W), 1.63–2.33. Ventrolateral carinae of metasomal segment V with three or four prominent lobate processes; anal arch with one small and two large lobes, sometimes presenting as two lobes, laterally; posteroventral margin of segment V with six reduced lobes. Telson small, narrow, length to width (TL/W), 2.22–2.81 and length to height (TL/H), 2.22– 2.71 ( Figs 20F , 21F ).

Distribution: Odontobuthus tirgari is endemic to Iran and recorded in four provinces: North Khorasan; Razavi Khorasan; Sistan and Baluchistan; South Khorasan ( Vatani & Khoobdel, 2009; Ramezani et al., 2010; Karataş et al., 2012; Mirshamsi et al., 2013; Azghadi et al., 2014; Mir et al., 2014; Navidpour & Mirshamsi, 2014).

Additional material: IRAN: Razavi Khorasan Province: G ona b a d, Gh oz hd Jung l e, 3 4° 2 5′ N 58°44′E, 1035 m, 30.vi.2018, UV light at night, silty soil, H. Barahoei, two ♂♂ ( ZMFUM) ; Gonabad, Kakhk–Ostad road, 34°07′N 58°46′E, 6.viii.2011, O. Mirshamsi, two ♂♂, six subad. ♀♀ ( ZMFUM) ; Gonabad, Kakhk village road, 34°09′N 58°45′E, 1391 m, 15.vii.2018, H. Barahoei, daytime excavation, loamy sand, two ♂♂, two ♀♀, two subad. ♀♀ ( ZMFUM) ; Gonabad, Marghesh village , 3 km NE of Kakhk, 34°08′N 58°38′E, 15.vii.2011, O. Mirshamsi, two ♂♂, seven ♀♀ ( ZMFUM) . Sistan and Baluchistan Province: Dasht-e Robat village , 30 km S of Khash, 28°04′N 61°19′E, 1382 m, 13.xi.2018, H. Barahoei, daytime excavation, loamy sand, one ♂, two ♀♀, one subad. ♀ ( ZMFUM) ; Iranshahr , 30 km E, 27°13′N 61°03′E, 1605 m, 13. 2018; H. Barahoei, daytime excavation, loam, two ♂♂, one ♀, one subad. ♀ ( ZMFUM) ; 40 km on Iranshahr–Rask road, 26°58′N 60°53′E, 975 m, 14.xi.2018, H. Barahoei, daytime excavation, sand; one ♂, three ♀♀, one subad. ♀ ( ZMFUM) ; Iranshahr, Zimdan village , 26°49′N 60°58′E, 1390 m, 14.xi.2018, H. Barahoei, daytime excavation, loam, one ♂, one ♀, one subad. ♀ ( ZMFUM) ; Khash, Dehpabid village , 28°25′N 60°54′E, 1643 m, 16.xi.2018, H. Barahoei, daytime excavation, loamy sand, one ♀, two subad. ♀♀ ( ZMFUM) ; Khash, Karvandar village , 27°43′N 60°45′E, 1045 m, 2.iv.2018, H. Barahoei, daytime excavation, one ♂ ( ZMFUM) ; Khash, Karvandar village , 27°51′N 60°45′E, 1230 m, 16.xi.2018, H. Barahoei, daytime excavation, sand, three ♂♂, two subad. ♂♂ ( ZMFUM) ; Khash, Nouk Abad, Gowhar Kouh , 28°27′N 60°39′E, 1501 m, 4.iv.2019, H. Barahoei, daytime excavation, clay loam, one ♂, one ♀ ( ZMFUM) ; Mehrestan , 5 km E, 27°10′N 61°41′E, 1285 m, 13.xi.2018, H. Barahoei, daytime excavation, clay loam, one ♂, four ♀♀, two subad. ♀♀ ( ZMFUM) ; Saravan , 5 km N, 27°25′N 62°17′E, 1206 m, 13.xi.2018, H. Barahoei, daytime excavation, loam, two ♂♂, two ♀♀ ( ZMFUM) ; Taftan Mountain , surroundings, iii.2018, A. Zamani, one subad. ♀ [ AMCC ( LP 15795 )] ; Zabol, Sefidabeh, Palang Kouh , 30°49′N 60°34′E, 1175 m, 3.iv.2019, H. Barahoei, daytime excavation, clay loam, two ♂♂ ( ZMFUM) ; Zahedan, Cheshmeh Ziarat, Polki village , 29°31′N 60°29′E, 1714 m, 2.iv.2018, H. Barahoei, daytime excavation, sand, one ♂, six ♀♀, three subad. ♀♀ ( ZMFUM) ; Zahedan, Manzel Aab village , 29°18′N 60°47′E, 1605 m, 24.vii.2017, H. Barahoei, UV light at night, clay loam, three ♂♂, one ♀, one subad. ♀ ( ZMFUM) . South Khorasan Province: Nehbandan, Chah-e Zard village , 31°32′N 60°02′E, 28.vii.2008, O. Mirshamsi, one ♂, one ♀ ( ZMFUM) ; Nehbandan, Sahl Abad , 32°19′N 59°49′E, 1618 m, 14.vii.2018, H. Barahoei, daytime excavation, one ♂, two ♀♀ ( ZMFUM) ; Shosf , 31°45 ′N 60°04′E, 1501 m, 14.vii.2018, H. Barahoei, daytime excavation, one ♂, two ♀♀ ( ZMFUM) .

Figures

Figure 1. Geographical distribution of the buthid scorpion genus Odontobuthus plotted on topography of the Middle East. A, known locality records obtained from fieldwork and the literature. Circles with black or white dots indicate type localites of each species. B, localities of material used in molecular phylogenetic analysis (see Table 1 for details).

Figure 2. Boxplots of sex-corrected total length for species of Odontobuthus occurring in Iran.

Figure 3. Lineardiscriminant analysis (LDA) of38 metricand fivemeristic variables among18 populationsofOdontobuthus. Conspecific populations in same colour.

Figure 4. Neighbour-joining phenogram generated from morphometric Mahalanobis distance matrix of 18 populations of Odontobuthus. Conspecific populations in same colour.

Figure 5. Fifty per cent majority rule consensus obtained by analysis of partial DNA sequences of mitochondrial COI gene from Odontobuthus with Bayesian inference (BI). Nodal support values above branches represent posterior probability values from BI and bootstrap values from maximum likelihood analyses, respectively. Letters A and B refer to clades also recovered by Azghadi et al. (2014).

Figure 19. Odontobuthus tirgari. Habitus, dorsal aspect (A, C), ventral aspect (B, D). A, B, ♀ (ZMFUM 2091). C, D, ♂ (ZMFUM 2092). Scale bars = 10 mm.

Figure 20. Odontobuthus. Metasomal segment V, lateral aspect. A, Odontobuthus bidentatus ♀ (ZMFUM 2061) B, Odontobuthus brevidigitus ♂ (ZMFUM–1438). C, Odontobuthus doriae ♀ (ZMFUM 2014). D, Odontobuthus odonturus ♀ (ZMFUM 1439). E, Odontobuthus tavighiae ♀ (ZMFUM–2074). F, Odontobuthus tirgari ♂ (ZMFUM 1398). Scale bars = 2.5 mm.

Figure 21. Odontobuthus. Metasomal segment V, ventral aspect. A, Odontobuthus bidentatus ♀ (ZMFUM 2061) B, Odontobuthus brevidigitus ♂ (ZMFUM 1438). C, Odontobuthus doriae ♀ (ZMFUM 2014). D, Odontobuthus odonturus ♀ (ZMFUM–1439). E, Odontobuthus tavighiae ♀ (ZMFUM 2074). F, Odontobuthus tirgari ♂ (ZMFUM 1398). Scale bars = 2.5 mm.