Odontobuthus doriae, (THORELL, 1876)

Barahoei, Hossein, Prendini, Lorenzo, Navidpour, Shahrokh, Tahir, H. Muhammad, Aliabadian, Mansour, Siahsarvie, Roohollah & Mirshamsi, Omid, 2022, Integrative systematics of the tooth-tailed scorpions, Odontobuthus (Buthidae), with descriptions of three new species from the Iranian Plateau, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 195, pp. 355-398 : 377-380

ODONTOBUTHUS DORIAE ( THORELL, 1876)

( FIGS 1–5 , 17A–D , 20C , 21C , 22C, TABLES 1–5)

Buthus doriae Thorell, 1876: 107–110 ; Simon, 1880: 29; Kraepelin, 1891: 57, 58, pl. I, figs 6, 10; Kraepelin, 1899: 27; Birula, 1900a: 10, 11; Pocock, 1900: 16–18, fig. 8B; Kraepelin, 1901: 267; Birula, 1905: 121, 122; Birula, 1910: 119, 120; Kraepelin, 1913: 124, 125; Werner, 1929: 243, 244; Werner, 1936: 204; Whittick, 1955: (unpaginated).

Buthus (Buthus) doriae: Birula, 1917: 23 , 214; Roewer, 1943: 206.

Buthus (Buthus) doriae doriae: Birula, 1917: 239 .

Odontobuthus doriae: Vachon, 1950: 153 , 154; Vachon, 1952: 326; Pringle, 1960: 83, fig. 8; Khalaf, 1963: 59; Vachon, 1966: 213; Habibi, 1971: 44; Kinzelbach, 1985: map I; Farzanpay, 1987: 154, 155; Farzanpay, 1988: 39; Farzanpay, 1990: 7; Sissom, 1990: 92, fig. 3.17J; El-Hennawy, 1992: 102, 128; Kovarik, 1997: 47, 49, fig. 11; Dehghani et al., 1998: 126; Kovarik, 1998: 115; Fet & Lowe, 2000: 187; Kovařík, 2002: 9; Lourenço & Pézier, 2002: 115, 116, 122, figs 1–4; Vignoli & Crucitti, 2005: 6–7; Pirali-Kheirabadi et al., 2009: 1, 3, 9, 13, figs 24–27; Lowe, 2010: 1, 2, 6, 15–17; Karataş et al., 2012: 116; Navidpour et al., 2012: 3 , 14, 23, fig. 15; Mirshamsi et al., 2013: 160, 170; Mozaffari et al., 2013: 5414, fig.7; Navidpour et al., 2013: 12 , 13, figs 7, 10, 38; Pirali-Kheirabadi et al., 2013: 48; Azghadi et al., 2014: 169–178, fig. 2d–f; Moradi et al., 2014: 8; Moradi et al., 2015: 13; Nazari et al., 2015: 257, 259; Ahmadimarzale et al., 2017: 337–339; Dehghani & Kassiri, 2017: 433– 438; Dehghani et al., 2017: 113–116; Navidpour et al., 2019: 2 , 5; Barahoei et al., 2020: 400, 401, figs 19, 20.

Odonbuthus doriae: Pérez Minnocci, 1974: 28 .

Type material: Two syntypes ( MCSN), IRAN: Tehran Province: Tehran .

Diagnosis: Odontobuthus doriae may be separated from other species of the genus by the following combination of characters. Scorpions of medium to large size, adults 48–72 mm (♂) and 64–84 mm (♀) ( Fig. 17A–D ). Colour yellow to pale yellow. Median ocular tubercle situated in anterior half of carapace, distance from anterior carapace margin, 0.32–0.37. Pedipalp chela movable finger long relative to manus ( MFL / ML, 1.81–2.25). Median denticle rows of pedipalp chela fixed and movable fingers each comprising 13 or 14 oblique subrows of denticles. Pectinal tooth count, 30–32 (♂) and 21–25 (♀). Ventrosubmedian carinae of metasomal segments II and III each with three or four pairs of prominent tooth-like processes ( Fig. 22C ). Metasomal segment IV length to width (L/W), 1.70– 2.00. Ventrolateral carinae of metasomal segment V with four or five prominent lobate processes; anal arch with two large lobes laterally; posteroventral margin of segment V with six reduced lobes. Telson small, narrow, length to width (TL/W), 2.05–2.60 and length to height (TL/H), 2.14–2.71 ( Figs 20C , 21C ).

Distribution: Odontobuthus doriae is endemic to Iran and recorded in 14 provinces: Alborz; Chahar mahal and Bakhtiyari; East Azerbaijan; Esfahan; Hamadan; Ilam; Kermanshah; Lorestan; Qazvin; Qom; Semnan; Tehran; Yazd; Zanjan ( Kraepelin, 1899; Pocock, 1900; Vachon, 1966; Habibi, 1971; Farzanpay, 1987, 1990; Kovařík, 1997, 2002; Dehghani et al., 1998, 2017; Lourenço & Pézier, 2002; Vignoli & Crucitti, 2005; Pirali-Kheirabadi et al., 2009, 2013; Lowe, 2010; Karataş et al., 2012; Navidpour et al., 2012, 2019; Mozaffari et al., 2013; Azghadi et al., 2014; Moradi et al., 2014, 2015; Nazari et al., 2015; Ahmadimarzale et al., 2017).

Records of O. doriae from Kerman Province ( Dehghani et al., 2008: 176; Navidpour et al., 2011: 13) are misidentifications of O. kermanus . Records from Hormozgan Province ( Shahi et al., 2008: 211; Fekri et al., 2012: 137; Navidpour et al., 2013: 12) are probably misidentifications of O. baluchicus . Material originating from Fars, Kermanshah, Ilam, Lorestan and Yazd provinces require further investigation. Material from Kermanshah, Ilam and Lorestan provinces, to the east of the Zagros Mountains, may be referable to O. bidentatus ; from the north, east, and southwest of Fars, to O. doriae , O. kermanus and O. bidentatus , respectively; and from Yazd, to O. kermanus .

Material examined: IRAN: Semnan Province: Mehdishahr, Darjazin , 35°37′N 53°21′E, 4388 m, 5.viii.2018, M. Amiri, night with UV light, two ♀♀ ( ZMFUM) ; Semnan, T . Habibi , one ♂, two ♀♀, one subad. ♂, one subad. ♀ ( ZMFUM) ; Semnan, Desert Research Center , 35°35′N 53°26′E; 1182 m, 1.viii.2004, Mohammadi, two ♀♀ ( ZMFUM) . Tehran Province: Teheran, Von Brandis, seven ♀♀, one subad. ♀ ( ZMB 7500 ) ; Teheran, 1903, one ♂, one ♀ ( SAM 6511 ex Museo Torino) ; Tehran, 15 km SE, 30°41′N 51°25′E, 30.v.2011, O. Mirshamsi, two ♂♂, 28 ♀♀ ( ZMFUM); Varamin, v.2005, S. Tehrani, one ♀ [ AMCC ( LP 4350 )]; Varamin, Pishva , Ghale boland village; 39°19′N 51°39′E, 27.x.2008, Mohammadi, one ♂ ( ZMFUM) . Yazd Province: Ardakan , 10 km E, 32°19′N 54°15′E, 1235 m, 11.iv.2004, V . Vignoli & P. Crucitti, VVZC Y165 , one ♀ [ AMCC ( LP 2908 )] .

Figures

Figure 1. Geographical distribution of the buthid scorpion genus Odontobuthus plotted on topography of the Middle East. A, known locality records obtained from fieldwork and the literature. Circles with black or white dots indicate type localites of each species. B, localities of material used in molecular phylogenetic analysis (see Table 1 for details).

Figure 2. Boxplots of sex-corrected total length for species of Odontobuthus occurring in Iran.

Figure 3. Lineardiscriminant analysis (LDA) of38 metricand fivemeristic variables among18 populationsofOdontobuthus. Conspecific populations in same colour.

Figure 4. Neighbour-joining phenogram generated from morphometric Mahalanobis distance matrix of 18 populations of Odontobuthus. Conspecific populations in same colour.

Figure 5. Fifty per cent majority rule consensus obtained by analysis of partial DNA sequences of mitochondrial COI gene from Odontobuthus with Bayesian inference (BI). Nodal support values above branches represent posterior probability values from BI and bootstrap values from maximum likelihood analyses, respectively. Letters A and B refer to clades also recovered by Azghadi et al. (2014).

Figure 17. Odontobuthus doriae. Habitus, dorsal aspect (A, C), ventral aspect (B, D). A, B, ♀ (ZMFUM 2045). C, D, ♂ (ZMFUM 2016). Scale bars = 10 mm.

Figure 20. Odontobuthus. Metasomal segment V, lateral aspect. A, Odontobuthus bidentatus ♀ (ZMFUM 2061) B, Odontobuthus brevidigitus ♂ (ZMFUM–1438). C, Odontobuthus doriae ♀ (ZMFUM 2014). D, Odontobuthus odonturus ♀ (ZMFUM 1439). E, Odontobuthus tavighiae ♀ (ZMFUM–2074). F, Odontobuthus tirgari ♂ (ZMFUM 1398). Scale bars = 2.5 mm.

Figure 21. Odontobuthus. Metasomal segment V, ventral aspect. A, Odontobuthus bidentatus ♀ (ZMFUM 2061) B, Odontobuthus brevidigitus ♂ (ZMFUM 1438). C, Odontobuthus doriae ♀ (ZMFUM 2014). D, Odontobuthus odonturus ♀ (ZMFUM–1439). E, Odontobuthus tavighiae ♀ (ZMFUM 2074). F, Odontobuthus tirgari ♂ (ZMFUM 1398). Scale bars = 2.5 mm.

Figure 22. Odontobuthus. Metasomal segments II and III, lateral aspect. A, Odontobuthus bidentatus ♀ (ZMFUM 2061). B, Odontobuthus brevidigitus ♂ (ZMFUM 1438). C, Odontobuthus doriae ♀ (ZMFUM 2014). D, Odontobuthus odonturus ♀ (ZMFUM 1439).E, Odontobuthus tavighiae ♀ (ZMFUM 2074).F, Odontobuthus tirgari ♂ (ZMFUM 1398).Scale bars = 2.5 mm.