Subilla confinis (Stephens, 1836)

Aspoeck, Horst & Aspoeck, Ulrike, 2023, The snakeflies of the Mediterranean islands: review and biogeographical analysis (Neuropterida, Raphidioptera), Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 70 (1), pp. 175-218 : 175

Subilla confinis (Stephens, 1836)

Raphidia confinis Stephens, 1836 (odescr): H. Aspöck et al. 1991 (mon); Suntrup 1990 (ecol, paras, rec); Ábrahám 1992 (rec); Schmitz 1992 (ecol, rec).

Raphidia cognata Rambur, 1842 (odescr): H. Aspöck et al. 1991 (mon).

Raphidia schneideri Ratzeburg, 1844 (odescr): H. Aspöck et al. 1991 (mon).

Raphidia colubroides Costa, 1855 (odescr): H. Aspöck et al. 1991 (mon).

Raphidia sericea Albarda, 1891 (odescrr): H. Aspöck et al. 1991 (mon).

Subilla confinis (Stephens): H. Aspöck et al. 1991 (mon); Kielhorn 1991 (ecol, rec); Saure and Gerstberger 1991 (ecol, rec); Ábrahám 1992 (rec); Plant 1992 (com, rec); Morgan 1993 (rec); Horstmann 1994 (paras); Plant 1994 (biol, distrmap, tax); H. Aspöck and Hölzel 1996 (distr); Röhricht 1996 (rec); Saure 1996 (biogeogr, ecol, rec); Achtelig 1997 (ecol, rec); Schubert and Gruppe 1999 (ecol, rec); Sziráki 1999 (rec); Röhricht 2000 (rec); Ábrahám 2001 (list, rec); H. Aspöck et al. 2001 (anncat); Gruppe and Schubert 2001 (ecol, rec); Plant 2001 (com, rec); Vas et al. 2001 (ecol, rec); Popov 2002 (biogeogr); Gruppe et al. 2004 (ecol, rec); Haring and U. Aspöck 2004 (phyl); Pantaleoni et al. 2005 (tax); Pantaleoni 2005 (rec); Ábrahám 2006 (rec); H. Aspöck and U. Aspöck 2007 (biogeogr, distr); Gruppe 2007a (rec); Gruppe and Müller 2007 (ecol, rec); Gruppe 2008 (ecol, rec); Weigelmeier 2008 (biol); Letardi et al. 2010 (rec); Nicoli Aldini et al. 2012 (rec, distr); Haring et al. 2011 (phyl, phyltree); H. Aspöck and U. Aspöck 2013 (cat, etymol), 2014 (cat); Morinière et al. 2014 (barcode, phyl); Gruppe 2015 (ecol, rec); Weissmair et al. 2021 (biol, ecol).

Taxonomy.

H. Aspöck et al. (1991). S. confinis (Fig. 4g ) is eidonomically very similar to the other four species of the Subilla confinis -group ( S. aliena , S. xylidiophila , S. artemins , S. walteri ), but can easily be differentiated by characters of the male genitalia. Moreover, no island harbors more thanone species.

Biology and ecology.

Larvae exclusively corticolous on Quercus , Acer , Pinus , Malus , very rarely (in the south of Italy) on Pinus in light forests and gardens, mostly from sea level to ca. 500 m, in the south of Italy up to 1400 m. Development usually two or Subilla three years. Last hibernating stage: full-grown larva. Adults: (IV) V-VI (VII).

Records on Mediterranean islands

(Fig. 10b ). There are only a few records in the northeast of Sicily. Syntopic other Raphidioptera in Sicily: X. corsica , F. maclachlani .

Continental distribution.

Apennine Peninsula, Central Europe, France, England, Denmark, Eastern Europe.

Biogeography.

Expansive probably monocentric Adriatomediterranean faunal element.

Figures

Figure 4. a. Phaeostigma (Magnoraphidia) wewalkai, ♂. Greece, Korinthia, Oros Onia. Foto: F. Anderle, now Denner; b. Phaeostigma (Magnoraphidia) wewalkai, ♀. Greece, Korinthia, Oros Onia. Foto: P. Sehnal; c. Phaeostigma (Aegeoraphidia) biroi, ♂. Greece, Crete, Anogia> Axos. Foto: P. Sehnal; d. Phaeostigma (Aegeoraphidia) biroi, ♀. Greece, Crete, Anogia> Axos. Foto: P. Sehnal; e. Phaeostigma (Aegeoraphidia) biroi, larva. Greece, Crete, Anogia> Axos. Foto: H. Bruckner; f. Phaeostigma (Superboraphidia) minois, ♂. Greece, Crete, Levka Ori, W Omalos. Foto: H. Aspoeck; g. Subilla confinis, ♂. Lower Austria, Klosterneuburg. Foto: H. Bruckner; h. Subilla principiae, ♂. Italy, Sardinia, Gennargentu, Fonni. Watercolour by Wilhelm Zelenka (1936 - 2011), Vienna. In the possession of H. & U. Aspoeck.

Figure 10. a. Records of Phaeostigma (Crassoraphidia) cyprica, and of Ulrike syriaca, on Mediterranean islands; b. Records of species of the genus Subilla, S. confinis, S. artemis, S. principiae, and S. colossea, on Mediterranean islands.