Glyptapanteles gerarddelvarei Arias-Penna, sp. nov.

Arias-Penna, Diana Carolina, Whitfield, James B., Janzen, Daniel H., Winifred Hallwachs,, Dyer, Lee A., Smith, M. Alex, Hebert, Paul D. N. & Fernandez-Triana, Jose L., 2019, A species-level taxonomic review and host associations of Glyptapanteles (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Microgastrinae) with an emphasis on 136 new reared species from Costa Rica and Ecuador, ZooKeys 890, pp. 1-685 : 1

Glyptapanteles gerarddelvarei Arias-Penna, sp. nov. Figs 92 , 93

Female.

Body length 2.53 mm, antenna length 2.97 mm, fore wing length 2.77 mm.

Type material.

Holotype: COSTA RICA • 1♀; 04-SRNP-34445, DHJPAR0000280; Área de Conservación Guanacaste, Guanacaste, Sector Pitilla, Loaiciga ; rain forest; 445 m; 11.01983, -85.41342; 11.viii.2004; Calixto Moraga leg.; caterpillar collected in fourth instar; beige cocoons scattered under the cadaver with the cadaver adhered on top, cocoons formed on 27.viii.2004; adult parasitoids emerged on 04.ix.2004; ( CNC) . Paratypes. • 33 (2♀, 3♂) (26♀, 2♂); 04-SRNP-34445, DHJPAR0000280; same data as for holotype; ( CNC) .

Other material.

Reared material. COSTA RICA: Área de Conservación Guanacaste, Alajuela, Sector Rincón Rain Forest, Camino Rio Francia : • 25 (3♀, 1♂) (21♀, 0 ♂); 03-SRNP-11431, DHJPAR0001481; 410 m; 10.90425, -85.28651; 24.vi.2003; Minor Carmona leg. ; caterpillar collected in fourth instar; brown cocoons tacked lightly together in a jumbled group, adhered to the leaf substrate and formed on 01.vii.2003; adult parasitoids emerged on 11.vii.2003.

Área de Conservación Guanacaste, Alajuela, Sector Rincón Rain Forest, Finca Hugo : • 8 (1♀, 1♂) (6♀, 0 ♂); 04-SRNP-42148, DHJPAR0001457; 540 m; 10.88068, -85.26968; 17.viii.2004; José Pérez leg. ; caterpillar collected in fifth instar; brown cocoons adhered to the leaf substrate formed on 21.viii.2004; adult parasitoids emerged on 30.viii.2004. • 27 (3♀, 3♂) (19♀, 2♂); 06-SRNP-41881, DHJPAR0012005; same data as for preceding except: 25.v.2006, Minor Carmona leg. ; brown cocoons below the cadaver and adhered to the leaf substrate; adult parasitoids emerged on 04.vi.2006.

Área de Conservación Guanacaste, Alajuela, Sector Rincón Rain Forest, Camino Porvenir : • 11 (3♀, 1♂) (7♀, 0 ♂); 05-SRNP-40922, DHJPAR0004240; 383 m; 10.90383, -85.25964; 06.iv.2005 ; Minor Carmona ; caterpillar collected in fifth instar; cocoons forming an irregular cordwood adhered to the leaf substrate and formed on 17.iv.2004 ; adult parasitoids emerged on 24.iv.2005.

Área de Conservación Guanacaste, Alajuela, Sector Rincón Rain Forest, Sendero Anonas : • 32 (0 ♀, 5♂) (0 ♀, 28♂); 07-SRNP-41122, DHJPAR0030749; 405 m; 10.90528, -85.27882; 30.iv.2007; Minor Carmona leg. ; caterpillar collected in third instar; two rows of parallel brown cordwood cocoons adhered to the leaf substrate, cocoons formed on 10.v.2007; adult parasitoids emerged on 17.v.2007.

Área de Conservación Guanacaste, Alajuela, Sector San Cristóbal, Corrales Viejos : • 30 (3♀, 4♂) (23♀, 0 ♂); 04-SRNP-3180, DHJPAR0000278; rain forest; 495 m; 10.89974, -85.38085; 28.vi.2004; Elda Araya leg. ; caterpillar collected in second instar; brown/beige cocoons with cadaver adhered on top; adult parasitoids emerged 13.vii.2004.

Área de Conservación Guanacaste, Guanacaste, Sector Pitilla, Casa Roberto: • 25 (7♀, 3♂) (15♀, 0 ♂); 03-SRNP-20660, DHJPAR0000040, DHJPAR0000272; rain forest; 520 m; 11.01095, -85.42094; 12.viii.2003; Petrona Rios leg. ; caterpillar collected in third instar; beige cocoons were not adhered to the larva cuticle among the setae as per usual with setose species, but lightly aggregated on leaf, cocoons formed on 24.viii.2003; adult parasitoids emerged on 02.ix.2003.

Área de Conservación Guanacaste, Guanacaste, Sector Pitilla, Pasmompa : • 5 (2♀, 2♂) (1♀, 0 ♂); 04-SRNP-33427, DHJPAR0001503; rain forest; 440 m; 11.01926, -85.40997; 17.vi.2004; Calixto Moraga leg. ; caterpillar collected in fourth instar; brown cocoons under the spiny cadaver and adhered to the leaf substrate, cocoons formed on 04.vii.2004; adult parasitoids emerged on 14.vii.2004.

Área de Conservación Guanacaste, Guanacaste, Sector Pitilla, Sendero Rótulo: • 20 (3♀, 3♂) (14♀, 0 ♂); 04-SRNP-33922, DHJPAR0000281; rain forest; 510 m; 11.01355, -85.42406; 17.vii.2004; Manuel Rios leg. ; caterpillar collected in third instar; beige cocoons adhered to larva and substrate; adult parasitoids emerged on 03.viii.2004.

Área de Conservación Guanacaste, Guanacaste, Sector Pitilla, Sendero Naciente: • 13 (2♀, 2♂) (8♀, 1♂); 04-SRNP-34502, DHJPAR0001524; rain forest; 700 m; 10.98705, -85.42816; 13.viii.2004; Calixto Moraga leg. ; caterpillar collected in third instar; beige cocoons lightly adhered together and on the leaf substrate, cocoons formed on 24.viii.2004; adult parasitoids emerged on 02.ix.2004.

Área de Conservación Guanacaste, Guanacaste, Sector Pitilla, Cabrera: • 6 (3♀, 3♂) (14♀, 2♂); 04-SRNP-55037, DHJPAR0000287; rain forest; 500 m; 11.00891, -85.40977; 05.ix.2004; Calixto Moraga leg. ; caterpillar collected in fifth instar; brown cocoons adhered to the leaf and to each other, with the black spined caterpillar on top of them, cocoons adhered to the leaf substrate and formed on 15.ix.2004; adult parasitoids emerged on 21.ix.2004.

Área de Conservación Guanacaste, Guanacaste, Sector Pitilla, Coneja: • 2 (1♀, 0 ♂) (1♀, 0 ♂); [05-SRNP-34214, DHJPAR0004786; rain forest; 415 m; 11.01525, -85.39766; 05.x.2005; Calixto Moraga leg.; caterpillar collected in third instar; cocoons adhered to larva and substrate; adult parasitoids emerged on 04.xi.2005.

Área de Conservación Guanacaste, Guanacaste, Sector Pitilla, Sendero Laguna: • 25 (3♀, 3♂) (17♀, 2♂); 07-SRNP-32365, DHJPAR0030818; rain forest; 680 m; 10.9888, -85.42336; 24.v.2007; Calixto Moraga leg. ; caterpillar collected in fifth instar and already with cocoons, brown parallel cordwood cocoons below the cadaver caterpillar, cocoons adhered to larva and leaf substrate, cocoons formed on 24.v.2007; adult parasitoids emerged on 30.v.2007.

Área de Conservación Guanacaste, Guanacaste, Sector Pitilla, Molina: • 16 (3♀, 2♂) (11♀, 0 ♂); 08-SRNP-70408, DHJPAR0030842; rain forest; 465 m; 11.00054, -85.39341; 19.v.2008 ; Virginia Siezar leg.; caterpillar collected in fifth instar; cocoons adhered to the leaf substrate and formed on 21.v.2008 ; adult parasitoids emerged on 30.v.2008.

Área de Conservación Guanacaste, Guanacaste, Sector Pitilla, Sendero Memos: • 37 (3♀, 3♂) (26♀, 5♂); 11-SRNP-31105, DHJPAR0042941; rain forest; 740 m; 10.98171, -85.42785; 16.iv.2011; Freddy Quesada leg. ; caterpillar collected in third instar; cocoons adhered to the leaf substrate and formed on 03.v.2011; adult parasitoids emerged on 09.v.2011.

Área de Conservación Guanacaste, Guanacaste, Sector Pitilla, Sendero Carica: • 15 (3♀, 3♂) (8♀, 1♂); 11-SRNP-31541, DHJPAR0045221; rain forest; 660 m; 10.99284, -85.42936; 03.vi.2011; Freddy Quesada leg. ; caterpillar collected in fourth instar; cocoons adhered to larva and leaf substrate, cocoons formed on 04.vi.2011; adult parasitoids emerged on 14.vi.2011.

Área de Conservación Guanacaste, Guanacaste, Sector Pitilla, Sendero Nacho : • 7 (2♀, 2♂) (2♀, 1♂); 04-SRNP-34517, DHJPAR0001530; rain forest; 710 m, 10.98445, -85.42481; 18.viii.2004; Manuel Rios leg. ; caterpillar collected in third instar; dumpy lumpy brown cocoons adhered together on leaf substrate, cocoons formed on 09.ix.2004; adult parasitoids emerged on 16.ix.2004. • 27 (3♀, 2♂) (22♀, 0 ♂); 04-SRNP-34518, DHJPAR0001448; same data as for preceding except: caterpillar collected in fourth instar; cocoons are mostly adhered to the leaf below the cadaver, with some parts of some of them glued to the spines of the caterpillar, cocoons formed on 22.viii.2004 ; adult parasitoids emerged on 30.viii.2004. • 6 (2♀, 0 ♂) (4♀, 0 ♂); 04-SRNP-34974, DHJPAR0001459; same data as for preceding except: 01.ix.2004; Calixto Moragua leg. ; caterpillar collected in fourth instar; brown cocoons adhered to the leaf, with cadaver of black-spined caterpillar on top, cocoons formed on 09.ix.2004; adult parasitoids emerged on 17.ix.2004. • 20 (3♀, 1♂) (16♀, 0 ♂); 09-SRNP-31929, DHJPAR0039961; same data as for preceding except: 14.vi.2009; Wady Obando leg. ; caterpillar collected in fifth instar; mass of cocoons below cadaver, adhered to larva and substrate, cocoons formed on 15.vi.2009; adult parasitoids emerged on 24.vi.2009.

Área de Conservación Guanacaste, Guanacaste, Sector Pitilla, Estacion Quica : • 22 (3♀, 3♂) (15♀, 1♂); 08-SRNP-70945, DHJPAR0031103; rain forest; 470 m; 10.99697, -85.39666; 24.vi.2008; Leonel Siezar leg. ; caterpillar collected in fifth instar; brown cocoons adhered to the leaf substrate, below the cadaver of caterpillar and formed on 28.vi.2008; adult parasitoids emerged on 04.vii.2008. • 2 (1♀, 0 ♂) (1♀, 0 ♂); 08-SRNP-71014, DHJPAR0031120; same data as for preceding except: 27.vi.2008 ; cocoon formed on 03.vii.2008; adult parasitoids emerged on 08.vii.2008 and 12.vii.2008. • 13 (3♀, 3♂) (5♀, 2♂); 08-SRNP-71306, DHJPAR0031095; same data as for preceding except: 07.vii.2008; Oscar Siezar leg. ; caterpillar collected in third instar; cocoons adhered to larva and the leaf substrate and formed on 24.vii.2008; adult parasitoids emerged on 01.viii.2008.

Área de Conservación Guanacaste, Guanacaste, Sector Pitilla , Quebradona : • 14 (5♀, 2♂) (7♀, 0 ♂); 09-SRNP-70186, DHJPAR0035438; rain forest; 475 m; 10.99102, -85.39539; 03.v.2009; Dinia Martinez leg. ; caterpillar collected in third instar; cocoons adhered to the leaf substrate formed on 16.v.2009; adult parasitoids emerged on 24.v.2009. • 29 (5♀, 3♂) (20♀, 1♂); 09-SRNP-70652, DHJPAR0035329; same data as for preceding except: 31.v.2009; Ricardo Calero leg.

Área de Conservación Guanacaste, Guanacaste, Sector Pitilla, Canita: • 22 (5♀, 3♂) (14♀, 0 ♂); 09-SRNP-70653, DHJPAR0035332; rain forest; 480 m; 11.00006, -85.40195; 03.vi.2009; Dinia Martinez leg.; caterpillar collected in fifth instar; brown somewhat ordered mass of cocoons below cadaver, adhered to the leaf substrate and formed on 07.vi.2009; adult parasitoids emerged on 16.vi.2009. • 6 (5♀, 0 ♂) (1♀, 0 ♂); 09-SRNP-70655, DHJPAR0035426; same data as for preceding except: Ricardo Calero .

Diagnosis.

Precoxal groove shallow, but visible, smooth, and shiny ( Figs 92A, E , 93A, E ), distal antennal flagellomere longer than penultimate, median area and adjacent area on T2 dark, but lateral ends pale, inner margin of eyes straight throughout, petiole parallel-sided, but narrowing over distal 1/3, completely smooth and polished, with faint, satin-like sheen ( Figs 92D, G , 93D ), propodeum medially rhomboid-shaped with transverse rugae ( Figs 92C , 93C ), lateral grooves delimiting the median area on T2 clearly defined and reaching the distal edge of T2 ( Figs 92D , 93D ), and fore wing with outer side of junction of r and 2RS veins not forming a stub ( Figs 92J , 93H ).

Coloration

( Fig. 92A ). General body coloration black except scape, pedicel, labrum, and mandibles yellow-brown; all antennal flagellomeres brown on both sides. Eyes and ocelli silver. Fore and middle legs yellow except coxae and claws brown; hind legs yellow except black coxae, brown femora, distal 3/4 of tibiae black and tarsomeres brown except proximal tarsomeres with apex yellow. Petiole on T1 brown with a median yellow-brown spot, contours darkened, and sublateral areas yellow-brown; T2 with median area brown, adjacent area and lateral ends light brown; T3 and beyond completely brown; distally each tergum with a narrow whitish transparent band. In lateral view, T1-3 yellow, dorsally brown; T4 and beyond completely brown. S1-2 yellow-brown; S3 proximally yellow, distally brown; S4 and beyond completely brown; ovipositor sheaths brown.

Description.

Head ( Fig. 92A, B, E ). Head triangular with pubescence short and dense. Proximal three antennal flagellomeres longer than wide (0.21:0.06, 0.22:0.06, 0.21:0.06), distal antennal flagellomere longer than penultimate (0.12:0.05, 0.10:0.05), antenna longer than body (2.97, 2.53); antennal scrobes-frons shallow. Face convex with dense fine punctations, interspaces wavy and longitudinal median carina present. Frons smooth. Temple wide, punctate and interspaces with microsculpture. Inner margin of eyes straight throughout; in lateral view, eye anteriorly convex and posteriorly straight. POL shorter than OOL (0.09, 0.14). Malar suture present. Median area between lateral ocelli without depression. Vertex laterally rounded and dorsally wide.

Mesosoma ( Fig. 92 A–C, E ). Mesosoma dorsoventrally convex. Mesoscutum proximally convex and distallyly flat, punctation distinct throughout, interspaces wavy/lacunose. Scutellum triangular, apex sloped and fused with BS, scutellar punctation distinct throughout, in profile scutellum flat and on same plane as mesoscutum, phragma of the scutellum partially exposed; BS only very partially overlapping the MPM; ATS demilune with complete undulate/reticulate carinae; dorsal ATS groove smooth. Transscutal articulation with small and heterogeneous foveae, area just behind transscutal articulation smooth, shiny and nearly at the same level as mesoscutum (flat). Metanotum with BM wider than PFM (clearly differentiated); MPM circular without median longitudinal carina; AFM without setiferous lobes and not as well delineated as PFM; PFM thick and smooth; ATM proximally with semircular/undulate carina and distally smooth. Propodeum medially romboid-shaped with rugae, proximal half weakly curved and relatively polished, and distal half relatively polished; distal edge of propodeum with a flange at each side and without stubs; propodeal spiracle without distal carina; nucha surrounded by very short radiating carinae. Pronotum with a distinct dorsal furrow, dorsally with a well-defined smooth band; central area of pronotum and dorsal furrow smooth, but ventral groove with short parallel carinae. Propleuron with fine punctations throughout and dorsally with a carina. Metasternum flat or nearly so. Contour of mesopleuron straight/angulate or nearly so; precoxal groove smooth, shiny and shallow, but visible; epicnemial ridge elongated more fusiform (tapering at both ends).

Legs. Ventral margin of fore telotarsus entire, but with a tiny curved seta, fore telotarsus almost same width throughout and longer than fourth tarsomere (0.13, 0.07). Hind coxa with punctation only on ventral surface and dorsal outer depression present. Inner spur of hind tibia longer than outer spur (0.26, 0.16), entire surface of hind tibia with dense strong spines clearly differentiated by color and length. Hind telotarsus longer than fourth tarsomere (0.15, 0.13).

Wings ( Fig. 92J, K ). Fore wing with r vein curved; 2RS vein straight; r and 2RS veins forming a weak, even curve at their junction and outer side of junction not forming a stub; 2M vein straight; distally fore wing [where spectral veins are] with microtrichiae more densely concentrated than the rest of the wing; anal cell 1/3 proximally lacking microtrichiae; subbasal cell with a small smooth area; vein 2CUa absent and vein 2CUb spectral; vein 2 cu-a absent; vein 2-1A present only proximally as spectral vein; tubular vein 1 cu-a straight, incomplete/broken and not reaching the edge of 1-1A vein. Hind wing with vannal lobe very narrow, subdistally and subproximally evenly convex, and setae evenly scattered in the margin.

Metasoma ( Fig. 92A, D, F–I ). Metasoma laterally compressed. Petiole on T1 completely smooth and polished, with faint, satin-like sheen, virtually parallel-sided over most of length, but narrowing over distal 1/3 (length 0.34, maximum width 0.20, minimum width 0.13 mm), and with scattered pubescence concentrated in the first distal third. Lateral grooves delimiting the median area on T2 clearly defined and reaching the distal edge of T2 (length median area 0.15, length T2 0.15), edges of median area polished and lateral grooves deep, median area broader than long (length 0.15, maximum width 0.22, minimum width 0.08); T2 with scattered pubescence only distally. T3 longer than T2 (0.22, 0.15) and with scattered pubescence throughout. Pubescence on hypopygium dense.

Cocoons ( Fig. 4R ). Beige or brown oval cocoons with ordered silk fibers, but covered by a net. Mass of cocoons tacked lightly together in a jumbled group or forming an irregular cordwood, below the cadaver and adhered to the leaf substrate.

Comments.

Although the punctation in the head are fine, they looklike grains, due to the interspaces with microsculpture. The propodeum medially with a rhomboid-shaped and with rugae inside.

Male

( Fig. 93 A–I ). The male is stouter than female. The coloration on metasoma is lighter than on that of the female.

Etymology.

Gérard Delvare is a French entomologist interested in the systematics and phylogeny of Chalcididae . He works at the Centre de Biologie et de Gestion des Populations ( CBGP), Montpellier, France.

Distribution.

Parasitized caterpillars were collected in Costa Rica, ACG, Sector Pitilla (Cabrera, Casa Roberto, Canita, Coneja, Estación Quica, Loaiciga, Molina, Pasmompa , Quebradona , Sendero Carica, Sendero Laguna, Sendero Memos, Sendero Naciente, Sendero Nacho, and Sendero Rótulo), Sector Rincón Rain Forest (Camino Porvenir, Camino Río Francia, Finca Hugo, and Sendero Anonás), and Sector San Cristóbal (Corrales Viejos), during June and August 2003, June-September 2004, April and October 2005, May 2006, April-May 2007, May-July 2008, May-June 2009, and April and June 2011 at 383 m, 405 m, 410 m, 415 m, 440 m, 445 m, 465 m, 470 m, 475 m, 480 m, 495 m, 500 m, 510 m, 520 m, 540 m, 660 m, 680 m, 700 m, 710 m, and 740 m in rain forest.

Biology.

The lifestyle of this parasitoid species is gregarious.

Host.

Macrocneme cabimensis Dyar ( Erebidae : Arctiinae) ( Fig. 4R ) feeding on Mandevilla hirsute and Fischeria panamensis ( Apocynaceae ). Caterpillars were collected in second, third, fourth, and fifth instar.

Figures

Figure 4. J G. tanyadapkeyae sp. nov. parasitoid of Pero chapela Poole: Geometridae, 08 - SRNP- 31435, photo DHJ 440487 K G. bobboharti sp. nov. parasitoid of Anomis luridula Guenee: Noctuidae, 01 - SRNP- 21185, photo DHJ 62275 L G. andybennetti sp. nov. parasitoid of Aleuron iphis (Walker): Sphingidae, 08 - SRNP- 32177, photo DHJ 445890 N G. charlesporteri sp. nov. parasitoid of Tarchon felderi Druce: Apatelodinae, 04 - SRNP- 3328, photo DHJ 420376 O G. eowilsoni sp. nov. parasitoid of Calledema plusia Felder: Noctuidae, 09 - SRNP- 71063, photo DHJ 461044 P G. garygibsoni sp. nov. parasitoid of Nystalea collaris Schaus: Noctuidae, 82 - SRNP- 418, photo DHJ 4186 Q G. chrisdarlingi sp. nov. parasitoid of Concana sp. Walker: Noctuidae, 06 - SRNP- 4972, photo DHJ 436488 R G. gerarddelvarei sp. nov. parasitoid of Macrocneme cabimensis Dyar: Erebidae, 07 - SRNP- 32365, photo DHJ 421485 S G. henrytownesi sp. nov. parasitoid of Heterochroma sarepta (Druce): Noctuidae, 97 - SRNP- 990, photo DHJ 40659 T G. iangauldi sp. nov. parasitoid of Zanola verago Cramer: Apatelodinae, 06 - SRNP- 9671, photo DHJ 424751 U G. daveschindeli sp. nov. parasitoid of Oxydia vesulia (Cramer): Geometridae, 08 - SRNP- 16708, photo DHJ 452329 V G. ilarisaaksjarvi sp. nov. parasitoid of Argyrogramma verruca (F.): Noctuidae, 92 - SRNP- 6132, photo DHJ 16975 W G. johnnoyesi sp. nov. parasitoid of Deinopa signiplena Walker: Erebidae, 05 - SRNP- 31619, photo DHJ 404219 X G. corriemoreauae sp. nov. parasitoid of Euphyia crispa Druce: Geometridae, 03 - SRNP- 23245, photo DHJ 78940 Y G. jeremydewaardi sp. nov. parasitoid of Antiblemma sp. Huebner: Erebidae, 06 - SRNP- 35622, photo DHJ 467720 Z G. mehrdadhajibabaei sp. nov. parasitoid of Carathis septentrionalis Becker: Erebidae, 06 - SRNP- 3399, photo DHJ 436471 AA G. donquickei sp. nov. parasitoid of Condica funereal (Schaus): Noctuidae, 09 - SRNP- 43316, photo DHJ 476509 AB G. howelldalyi sp. nov. parasitoid of Dyops chromatophila Walker: Noctuidae, 05 - SRNP- 6986, photo DHJ 424017.

Figure 92. Glyptapanteles gerarddelvarei sp. nov. female 04 - SRNP- 34445 DHJPAR 0000280, 08 - SRNP- 70408 DHJPAR 0030842 A Habitus B, E Head, mesosoma B Dorsolateral view E lateral view C Metanotum, propodeum, dorsolateral view D T 1 - 2, dorsal view F, G Metasoma F lateral view G Dorsolateral view H, I Genitalia H Hypopygium, ovipositor, ovipositor sheaths, lateral view I Ovipositor detail J, K Wings J Fore K Hind.

Figure 93. Glyptapanteles gerarddelvarei sp. nov. male 04 - SRNP- 34445 DHJPAR 0000280, 08 - SRNP- 70408 DHJPAR 0030842 A Habitus B Mesosoma, dorsal view, C Metanotum, propodeum, dorsal view D T 1 - 2, dorsal view E Head, mesosoma, lateral view F Metasoma, lateral view G Genitalia: parameres, lateral view H, I Wings H Fore I Hind.